In this lecture we learn basic four language skill, how to improve the language skill. When come to the effective reading skills, they must use into the office and other personal and professional life.

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Islamia University of Bahawalpur
ENGLISH LANGUAGE
Instructor Name: Saniah Saleem
Class: BBA (HONS) First Semester 2018
Department of Management Sciences
Effective Reading Skill
Reading Skill:
Reading is a complex cognitive process of decoding symbols in order to construct or derive
meaning.
The reading process requires continuous Practice, Development and Refinement.
Importance of Reading:
1. Reading is fundamental to function in today’s society.
2. Reading is a vital skill in finding a good job.
3. Reading is important because it develops the mind.
4. Reading discovers new things.
5. Reading develops the imagination.
Types of Reading:
1. Proof reading
2. Speed reading
3. Sub vocalized reading
1. Proof reading:
Read printer's proofs or other written or printed material and mark any errors.

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2. Speed Reading:
Speed reading is any of several techniques used to improve one's ability to read quickly. Speed
reading methods include chunking and minimizing sub vocalization. The many available speed
reading training programs include books, videos, software, and seminars.
3. Sub vocalization Reading:
One recognizes the form of the word and internally sounds it in the mind the way one
pronounces it as a spoken word.
Reading Strategies:
1. Skimming reading
2. Scanning reading
3. Intensive reading
4. Critical reading
1. Skimming Reading:
Skimming is helpful to fast identify the idea of the main topic. We use this strategy to quickly
find out what the text is about. In to the simple words skimming is fast reading, read the some
major points as like Introduction, Conclusion, Sub heading and First sentence.
To find the some importance name, date and place.
To review the table, charts and graphs.
To identify the major topic to the thesis, Approaches.
2. Scanning Reading:
Scanning reading is a reading strategy to help you skip unimportant words and pay attention to
the information you are looking for. When, scanning, you should first have a question in mind
and then scan the passage for the answer.

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3. Intensive Reading:
Focus on vocabulary and grammar to understand. Word for word reading, it is very slow use
dictionary to understand the difficult text. Have limited words.
4. Extensive Reading:
Focus on getting the main ideas and filling in the detail. There have a fast reading. Easy text but
lot of reading, overall understanding to the text.
SQR3:
1. S = Survey
2. Q = Question
3. Read
4. Re- read
5. Review
Three R’s

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Language Skills
Four Language skills:
Input Output
Listening Speaking
Reading Writing
1. Listening:
Listening is receiving language through the ears. Listening involves identifying the sound of
speech and processes them into words and sentences. When we listen, we use our ears to receive
individual sounds these into message that mean something to us.
Two simple definitions:
1. To hear: to receive sound with the ear
2. To listen: to try to hear
How to improve listening:
1. Stop Talking
2. Prepare Yourself to Listen
3. Put the Speaker at Ease
4. Remove Distraction
5. Empathies
6. Be Patient
7. Avoid Personal Prejudice
8. Listen to the Tone
45% 30%
16% 9%

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9. Listen for Ideas
10. Wait and Watch for Non- Verbal Communication
11. To appreciate the Speaker
12. Non – verbal communication is so important
13. In communication a positive body language is so important.
2. Speaking:
Speaking is the delivery of language through the mouth. To speak, we create sound using many
parts of our body, including the lungs, vocal tracts, vocal chords, tongue, teeth and lips.
Speaking can be formal and informal:
Informal Speaking: is typically used with family and friends, or people you know well.
Formal Speaking: occur in business or academic situations, or when meeting people for first
time.
How can you improve Speaking Skills?
1. At school
2. Conversation clubs
3. Shopping centers
4. Song and videos
5. Language is all around you
3. Reading:
Reading is the process of looking at a series of written symbols and getting meaning from them.
When we read, we use our eyes to receive written symbols (letters, punctuation and paragraphs
that communicate something to us.
Reading is a receptive skill – through it we receive information. But the complex process of
reading also requires the skill of speaking so that we can pronounce the word that we read. In
this sense, reading is also productive skill in that we are both receiving information and
transmitting it (even if only to ourselves).

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Steps to improve Reading Skills:
1. Evaluate your reading habits to find out where you need improvement. Do you “say” the
words you are reading? Do strange words slow your speed and comprehension? Do you
read ever words? Do you re – read sentences? Do you vary your speed to suit the
material?
2. Provide the best condition for reading. Choose a place where you will have few
interruptions, have good lighting, can sit in a good chair, and won’t be distracted by
radio, TV or other noise. Hold the book about fifteen inches away (about the distance
from your elbow to your wrist.
3. Use your eyes efficiently. If words are blurry, get your eyes checked by a professional.
Don’t “say” what you read, and don’t re-read unnecessarily. Read phrase, not ever single
word.
4. Increase your vocabulary by keeping a dictionary handy, maintaining a list of new words,
and knowing the origin of words.
5. Match your speed to the material you are reading. Know what and why you’re reading.
Preview the material, especially when studying. Study reading requires closer, slower
reading. Fir enjoyment you can go faster. Be sure you get the information in graphic aids
and illustrations.
6. To improve your reading speed, practice for about 15 to 30 minutes each day, checking
your rate in words-per-minutes. Check your comprehension by summarizing what you
read. Ideally, you want to read faster while maintaining your understanding. Therefore,
use the same type of materials each time you practice to provide the consistency needed
for meaning practice.
Writing:
The use of large letters (capitals) English spelling rules.
Writing (and therefore spelling) is a representation of the spoken word. The spoken word is not a
representation of writing. Because accents and pronunciation can change easily and quite
quickly, whereas what is written in books and dictionaries remain “fixed” for years, as well as

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for various historical reason, there is often little correspondence between spoken English
(pronunciation) and written English.
English spelling therefore often appears to be totally illogical. The following rules can help you
to decode the mysteries f English spelling. But remember, even the best rules have their
exceptions.
To Adding ER, EST, ING, ED, LY, S, IBLE, ABLE, IE, EI.