The document summarizes endogenous processes that generate heat within the Earth and how that heat is transferred. It discusses two main sources of internal heat: primordial heat generated during Earth's formation through accretion and radioactive decay of isotopes. Heat is transferred through convection in the mantle and conduction at boundaries. Magmas form through decompression melting at mid-ocean ridges and mantle plumes, or flux and heat transfer melting at subduction zones. Endogenous processes like magmatism, volcanism/plutonism, and metamorphism influence rock behavior and landform evolution.

2. 1. I can identify the sources of the
Earth’s internal heat;
2. I can describe the different
processes responsible for the
transfer of heat; and

3. 3. I can explain the different
conditions required in the
generation of magma.

5. Endogenic
ProcessesCause by forces from within
or in the interior of the Earth.

6. 2 categories of Heat in Earth’s
Interior
1.Primordial heat
2.Radioactive heat

7. Heat in Earth’s Interior
1. Primordial heat
o Heat generated during Earth’s
formation

8. o Sources:
o Accretion energy
o Adiabatic compression
o Core formation energy
o Decay of short-lived radio
isotopes

9. Accretion energy
• Heat released from collision of planetary
objects during the early formation of
planets.
Adiabatic compression
• Heat generated as materials are
compressed.

10. 2.Radioactive heat
o Heat generated
by long-term
radioactive decay
o Source
s:
o K40
o Th232
o U235
o U238

11. How the earth’s internal
heat redistributed?
Consider convection and
conduction.

12. Convection - This is the process
by which material circulates
through a region that is unevenly
heated.

13. • Convection occurs in the mantle
but not between the core and
mantle or asthenosphere and
lithosphere (except at sea-floor
spreading zones). Thus, at these
transitions, heat must travel by
conduction alone.

15. How do magmas form?

16. Melting due to decrease in
pressure (decompression
melting)
• The decrease in pressure
affecting a hot mantle rock at a
constant temperature permits
melting forming magma.

17. Melting as a result of the
addition of volatiles (flux
melting)
• When volatiles mix with hot, dry
rock, the volatile decreases the
rock’s melting point and they help
break the chemical bonds in the
rock to allow melting.

18. Melting resulting from heat
transfer from rising magma
(heat transfer melting)
• A rising magma from the mantle
brings heat with it that can melt
the surrounding rocks at the
shallower depths.

19. Where does magma
form?

20. Tectonic setting where magma is
formed:
1.Mid-oceanic ridges
2.Mantle plumes
3.Subduction zones

23. Mid-oceanic ridges
• The rising magma in mantle
convection cell brings heat to the
surface, transferring heat to the
overlying rocks.

24. • The transfer of heat due to the
convection is accompanied by a
decrease in pressure or
decompression associated with
the spreading of the lithospheric
plates.

27. Mantle plumes (hot spots)
• The transfer of heat and the
compression result to magma
generation.
• The source of heat for mantle
plumes is much deeper.

29. The tectonic plate moves over a fixed
hotspot forming a chain of volcanoes.
The volcanoes get younger from one end
to the other.

31. Subduction zones
• Oceanic crustal rocks are formed
along spreading centers, typically
beneath several kilometers of
seawater.

34. Endogenous processes that played
a role in the evolution of the
landforms on the Earth are:
1. Magmatism
2. Volcanism or Plutonism
3. Metamorphism

35. Magmatism
• Is originated material that make up
igneous rock
• Happens when magma generated and
develops into igneous rocks the process
can take place either under the weathering

37. VOLCANISM or PLUTONISM
• Usually happens after magma is formed
• Magma comes out with extreme heat and
pressure and may cause destructive
explosion

39. METAMORPHISM
• Processes of changing materials that
make up the rock.
• The chemical components and geologic
characteristics of the rock change due to
heat, fluids, and pressure that is
increasing and decreasing.

42. TYPES OF STRESS
INFLUENCING ROCK
BEHAVIOR
1.Compression
2.Tension
3.Shearing
4.Confining

43. Compression
• Rocks push or squeeze
against one another where the
stress produced is directed
toward the center.

45. Tension
• Rocks pulled apart
• Rocks may separate in
opposite direction

47. Shearing
• Some of the portion of a plate at the
edge may break away in different
directions of plate.
• eventually making the plate smaller
inside

49. Confining
• The crust become compact,
thus making it look smaller.