SlideShare una empresa de Scribd logo
1 de 11
THE IRA. Irish RepublicanArmy.




 A cura di Sara Viterbi.
 Corso di Studi in Interpretariato e Comunicazione anno 2010/2011.
                                                                     1
A briefintroduction

• 1800 Act of Union and situation of Irish Catholics
• Irish situation before, during
  and after the famine of 1845




                                                       2
Bornof the IRA

•   1858 born of Irish Republican Brotherhood (Fenians).
    Aim: sustain rebellions against England.
•   Clan nanGael in New York
•   1916: year of changes. Risings during Easter Week.
•   April 24, 1916. Dublin.Easter Rising headed by James
    Connolly
•   1917. Elections won by Sinn Féin
•   1916-1919. the alternative parliament of Sinn Féin: the
    DáilÉireann.



                                                              3
Irish civil war. 1919-1922

• Michael Collins organised the “Squad” in 1919
• January-July 1920:attacks against the RIC
• English response: Black and Tan and British Army
• War in Dublin and in Munster
• War in Northern Ireland and Belfast
• End of the war: the Anglo-Irish Treaty signed on the 6°
  December 1921
• 1922: split in the Sinn Féin between pro-Treaty and anti-
  Treaty.



                                                              4
Consequencesof the Treaty

• The Treaty divided Ireland in Northern Ireland and the Irish
  Free State
• In the summer of 1924 violence came to and end and the two
  Irelands started to coexist.
• The IRA was broken by the war
• 1925 new Constitution of the IRA. 4 essential topics: defence
  of the Republic, establishment and protection of the new
  Government, safety and freedom for citizens and the diffusion
  of Irish culture.
• 1926. de Valera formed the FiannaFàil.
• 1932 de Valera won elections. During de Valera government
  members of the IRA grew from 1.800 to 10.000 members due
  to the Great Depression.
                                                                  5
Irelandduring World War 1 and 2

• 1935. relations between de Valera and the IRA turned to
  enmity.
• 1939. Emergency Power Act in Britain: Ireland had to be
  neutral during the war.
• The IRA hoped for a support to German army against
  England.
• O’Donovan trips in Germany. Topics under discussion
  with Germany: reviving English campaign, policies and
  reaction of Dublin government, IRA arm requirements.



                                                            6
After the War: the third Boarder Campaign
• The first Boarder campaign had taken place during Irish War
  of Independence, the second during the World War 2.
• Tony Managan decided to improve relations with Sinn Féin
• 1949. the IRA convention. Sinn Féin became the civilian wing
  of the IRA.
• November 1956. third Border Campaign. Causes: prevent
  more splits in the IRA and UK general elections results
• Attacks by around 150 target on the boarder with Northern
  Ireland. 12° December the IRA issued a statement to declare
  the start of the Campaign: “Spearheaded by Ireland’s freedom
  fighters, our people have carried the fight to the enemy…Out
  of this national liberation struggle a new Ireland will
  emerge, upright and free. In that new Ireland, we shall build a
  country fit for all our people to live in. That then is our aim: an
  independent, united, democratic Irish Republic. For this we
  shall fight until the invader is driven from our soil and victory is
  ours".
                                                                     7
Respuesta del gobierno de Irlanda del
                Norte
• 21 de Diciembre de 1956.El gobierno de Itlanda del
  Norte utilizó la Ley de poderes especiales para internar
  a cientos de sospechosos sin juicio.
• 1957. el año más activo del IRA, 341 incidentes
  registrados.
• 1958. ímpetu disipado.
• 1961. William Hunter (RUC) asesinado.
• Balance de la guerrilla: 8 mimbros IRA asesinados, 4
  republicanos, 6 miembros RUC. 32 RUC heridos, 256
  republicanos pejuicados.
• Campaña Fronteriza considerada un desastre. Cathal
  Goulding: jefe de Estado Major 1962.
                                                             8
1969-1970 divisiones en la IRA

• División en la IRA y en Sinn Féin. Causa: dirección
  política tomada por el partido.
• IRA Oficial: Cathal Goulding
• IRA Provisional: dirección por Tomas Mac Giolla
• División también en el Sinn Féin después de un debate
  al ArdFheis.
• El partido liderado por el PIRA: Sinn Fèin Provisional, el
  partido liderado por el OIRA: el Sinn Féin de los
  Trabajadores.



                                                               9
El IRA Oficial
• Battalla de Bogside. Criticas a Goulding.
• 1970. cisma en el Sinn Féin. Partido de los Trabajadores
  liderado por MscGiolla.
• 1971. militantes del OIRA luchaban contra el ejército Británico
• Febrero 1972. OIRA intentó asesinar a un político unionista,
  John Taylor
• 1975 OIRA y PIRA mantuvieron tiroteos que llegaron a la
  muerte de 11 militantes de ambos los lados.
• 1975. INLA. Facción radical del OIRA liderada por Costello.
• OIRA y INRA se enfrentaron para mantener la hegemonía.
• 1998. acuerdo del Viernes Santo.
• Hoy. Mayoría de los políticos del Partido de los Trabajadores
  están en la Izquierda Democrática.


                                                                10
El IRA Provisional
• Autoproclamada heredera del antiguo IRA contrario al tratado
  de entre Inglaterra y Irlanda de 1921.
• Goulding en 1962 se convirtió en jefe de estado mayor del
  IRA.
• En el verano de 1969 se opuso a la distribución de armas a
  los unionistas en Ulster que luchaban contra el ejército
  Británico. El creía en la lucha civil.
• 1969. Sítiofaín, uno de los opositores a Goulding, fundó el
  IRA Provisional y el Consejo Provisional del Ejército.
• Cuartel general en la Calle Kevin, estrategia: guerra de
  desgaste, nombrada “guerra larga”.
• 1972-75 picos de violencias.
• 1975. ÉireNua: el programa proponía una división de los
  poderes en gobiernos regionales.
• 1998. Acuerdos del Viernes Santo.
                                                             11

Más contenido relacionado

La actualidad más candente

War of Independence
War of IndependenceWar of Independence
War of Independencemrdowdican
 
Downing Street Declaration 1993
Downing Street Declaration 1993Downing Street Declaration 1993
Downing Street Declaration 1993mrdowdican
 
Cumann na n gaedheal
Cumann na n gaedhealCumann na n gaedheal
Cumann na n gaedhealmrdowdican
 
Ireland boils over
Ireland boils overIreland boils over
Ireland boils overmdlaubac
 
The Origin of the Canadian Flag
The Origin of the Canadian FlagThe Origin of the Canadian Flag
The Origin of the Canadian Flagcanadianahistory
 
Ireland the road to partition guzman 2011
Ireland the road to partition guzman 2011Ireland the road to partition guzman 2011
Ireland the road to partition guzman 2011Patricia Guzman
 
Third Year Junior Cert History Notes
Third Year Junior Cert History NotesThird Year Junior Cert History Notes
Third Year Junior Cert History NotesNoel Hogan
 
Fianna fail political developments
Fianna fail political developmentsFianna fail political developments
Fianna fail political developmentsleavingcerthistory
 
Battles of-lexington-and-concord-worksheet
Battles of-lexington-and-concord-worksheetBattles of-lexington-and-concord-worksheet
Battles of-lexington-and-concord-worksheetKimberly Simpson
 
Ireland conflict
Ireland conflictIreland conflict
Ireland conflictGreg Sill
 
Soc studies #14b the war for independence
Soc studies #14b the war for independenceSoc studies #14b the war for independence
Soc studies #14b the war for independenceMrsSevCTK
 

La actualidad más candente (20)

War of Independence
War of IndependenceWar of Independence
War of Independence
 
Downing Street Declaration 1993
Downing Street Declaration 1993Downing Street Declaration 1993
Downing Street Declaration 1993
 
Cumann na n gaedheal
Cumann na n gaedhealCumann na n gaedheal
Cumann na n gaedheal
 
Ireland boils over
Ireland boils overIreland boils over
Ireland boils over
 
Anglo irish treaty 1921
Anglo irish treaty 1921Anglo irish treaty 1921
Anglo irish treaty 1921
 
Belfast Blitz 1941
Belfast Blitz 1941Belfast Blitz 1941
Belfast Blitz 1941
 
The Origin of the Canadian Flag
The Origin of the Canadian FlagThe Origin of the Canadian Flag
The Origin of the Canadian Flag
 
Wolfe tone
Wolfe toneWolfe tone
Wolfe tone
 
Easter rising 1916
Easter rising 1916Easter rising 1916
Easter rising 1916
 
Ireland the road to partition guzman 2011
Ireland the road to partition guzman 2011Ireland the road to partition guzman 2011
Ireland the road to partition guzman 2011
 
Ireland and world war two
Ireland and world war twoIreland and world war two
Ireland and world war two
 
Celt 3 novid breaking the union
Celt 3 novid breaking the unionCelt 3 novid breaking the union
Celt 3 novid breaking the union
 
Third Year Junior Cert History Notes
Third Year Junior Cert History NotesThird Year Junior Cert History Notes
Third Year Junior Cert History Notes
 
History study
History studyHistory study
History study
 
Fianna fail political developments
Fianna fail political developmentsFianna fail political developments
Fianna fail political developments
 
Home rule crisis
Home rule crisisHome rule crisis
Home rule crisis
 
Reaction to the treaty
Reaction to the treatyReaction to the treaty
Reaction to the treaty
 
Battles of-lexington-and-concord-worksheet
Battles of-lexington-and-concord-worksheetBattles of-lexington-and-concord-worksheet
Battles of-lexington-and-concord-worksheet
 
Ireland conflict
Ireland conflictIreland conflict
Ireland conflict
 
Soc studies #14b the war for independence
Soc studies #14b the war for independenceSoc studies #14b the war for independence
Soc studies #14b the war for independence
 

Destacado

I hope I enlightened all of you.
I hope I enlightened all of you.I hope I enlightened all of you.
I hope I enlightened all of you.AlyssaBullaro
 
UMA: Subway Graffiti Pecha Kucha
UMA: Subway Graffiti Pecha KuchaUMA: Subway Graffiti Pecha Kucha
UMA: Subway Graffiti Pecha Kuchasarafusco
 
Red Clover Market November Commercial
Red Clover Market November CommercialRed Clover Market November Commercial
Red Clover Market November Commercialhagadesignhaus
 
Zoopharmacognosy Presentation
Zoopharmacognosy PresentationZoopharmacognosy Presentation
Zoopharmacognosy Presentationchaletlines
 
Workshop 3: Applying Bloom's Taxonomy in the EFL Classroom
Workshop 3: Applying Bloom's Taxonomy in the EFL ClassroomWorkshop 3: Applying Bloom's Taxonomy in the EFL Classroom
Workshop 3: Applying Bloom's Taxonomy in the EFL ClassroomMaryna Tsehelska
 
a presentation of sony ericsson by lina
a presentation of sony ericsson by linaa presentation of sony ericsson by lina
a presentation of sony ericsson by linaartevedehogeschool
 
Criminal profiling
Criminal profilingCriminal profiling
Criminal profilingchaletlines
 

Destacado (15)

apartheid&TRC
apartheid&TRCapartheid&TRC
apartheid&TRC
 
The chisholm trail
The chisholm trailThe chisholm trail
The chisholm trail
 
I hope I enlightened all of you.
I hope I enlightened all of you.I hope I enlightened all of you.
I hope I enlightened all of you.
 
UMA: Subway Graffiti Pecha Kucha
UMA: Subway Graffiti Pecha KuchaUMA: Subway Graffiti Pecha Kucha
UMA: Subway Graffiti Pecha Kucha
 
Presentacion actividad 4 tecnologia
Presentacion actividad 4 tecnologiaPresentacion actividad 4 tecnologia
Presentacion actividad 4 tecnologia
 
Cambio climático
Cambio climáticoCambio climático
Cambio climático
 
Il Colosseo
Il ColosseoIl Colosseo
Il Colosseo
 
Melexis ppt 2013
Melexis ppt 2013Melexis ppt 2013
Melexis ppt 2013
 
Workshop1 etrc 2016
Workshop1 etrc 2016Workshop1 etrc 2016
Workshop1 etrc 2016
 
Red Clover Market November Commercial
Red Clover Market November CommercialRed Clover Market November Commercial
Red Clover Market November Commercial
 
Workshop2 etrc 2016
Workshop2 etrc 2016Workshop2 etrc 2016
Workshop2 etrc 2016
 
Zoopharmacognosy Presentation
Zoopharmacognosy PresentationZoopharmacognosy Presentation
Zoopharmacognosy Presentation
 
Workshop 3: Applying Bloom's Taxonomy in the EFL Classroom
Workshop 3: Applying Bloom's Taxonomy in the EFL ClassroomWorkshop 3: Applying Bloom's Taxonomy in the EFL Classroom
Workshop 3: Applying Bloom's Taxonomy in the EFL Classroom
 
a presentation of sony ericsson by lina
a presentation of sony ericsson by linaa presentation of sony ericsson by lina
a presentation of sony ericsson by lina
 
Criminal profiling
Criminal profilingCriminal profiling
Criminal profiling
 

Similar a the IRA

Easter rising and rise of militant nationalism
Easter rising and rise of militant nationalismEaster rising and rise of militant nationalism
Easter rising and rise of militant nationalismmrdowdican
 
The Troubles, 1969-1998
The Troubles, 1969-1998The Troubles, 1969-1998
The Troubles, 1969-1998Thomas Newman
 
White7e ppt ch07
White7e ppt ch07White7e ppt ch07
White7e ppt ch07difordham
 
lolololololololPõhja iirimaa
lolololololololPõhja iirimaalolololololololPõhja iirimaa
lolololololololPõhja iirimaasitajunn21
 
The IRA and the Troubles in Northern Ireland
The IRA and the Troubles in Northern IrelandThe IRA and the Troubles in Northern Ireland
The IRA and the Troubles in Northern Irelandleavingcerthistory
 
Northern ireland
Northern irelandNorthern ireland
Northern irelandPenny Lane
 
Northern ireland
Northern irelandNorthern ireland
Northern irelandPenny Lane
 
The Troubles In Northern Ireland 2
The Troubles In Northern Ireland 2The Troubles In Northern Ireland 2
The Troubles In Northern Ireland 2Enna78
 
Home rule and the Irish Parliamentary Party
Home rule and the Irish Parliamentary PartyHome rule and the Irish Parliamentary Party
Home rule and the Irish Parliamentary Partymrdowdican
 
The irish home rule
The irish home ruleThe irish home rule
The irish home ruleRachel Brown
 
Ireland and the search for independence
Ireland and the search for independenceIreland and the search for independence
Ireland and the search for independenceCorrieBowes
 
Fianna fail in power website
Fianna fail in power websiteFianna fail in power website
Fianna fail in power websitemrdowdican
 
Eamonn de valera
Eamonn de valeraEamonn de valera
Eamonn de valerapriomhoide
 

Similar a the IRA (20)

Easter rising and rise of militant nationalism
Easter rising and rise of militant nationalismEaster rising and rise of militant nationalism
Easter rising and rise of militant nationalism
 
Conflict in ireland
Conflict in irelandConflict in ireland
Conflict in ireland
 
The Troubles, 1969-1998
The Troubles, 1969-1998The Troubles, 1969-1998
The Troubles, 1969-1998
 
IRA Army
IRA ArmyIRA Army
IRA Army
 
White7e ppt ch07
White7e ppt ch07White7e ppt ch07
White7e ppt ch07
 
lolololololololPõhja iirimaa
lolololololololPõhja iirimaalolololololololPõhja iirimaa
lolololololololPõhja iirimaa
 
The irish question
The irish questionThe irish question
The irish question
 
The IRA and the Troubles in Northern Ireland
The IRA and the Troubles in Northern IrelandThe IRA and the Troubles in Northern Ireland
The IRA and the Troubles in Northern Ireland
 
Northern ireland
Northern irelandNorthern ireland
Northern ireland
 
Northern ireland
Northern irelandNorthern ireland
Northern ireland
 
Ireland during World War II
Ireland during World War IIIreland during World War II
Ireland during World War II
 
The Troubles In Northern Ireland 2
The Troubles In Northern Ireland 2The Troubles In Northern Ireland 2
The Troubles In Northern Ireland 2
 
Home rule and the Irish Parliamentary Party
Home rule and the Irish Parliamentary PartyHome rule and the Irish Parliamentary Party
Home rule and the Irish Parliamentary Party
 
Presentation2michaelcollins
Presentation2michaelcollinsPresentation2michaelcollins
Presentation2michaelcollins
 
The irish home rule
The irish home ruleThe irish home rule
The irish home rule
 
Ireland and the search for independence
Ireland and the search for independenceIreland and the search for independence
Ireland and the search for independence
 
Fianna fail in power website
Fianna fail in power websiteFianna fail in power website
Fianna fail in power website
 
Anglo-Irish Agreement 1985
Anglo-Irish Agreement 1985Anglo-Irish Agreement 1985
Anglo-Irish Agreement 1985
 
Eamonn de valera
Eamonn de valeraEamonn de valera
Eamonn de valera
 
1798 rebellion
1798 rebellion1798 rebellion
1798 rebellion
 

Último

NoHo First Good News online newsletter May 2024
NoHo First Good News online newsletter May 2024NoHo First Good News online newsletter May 2024
NoHo First Good News online newsletter May 2024NoHo FUMC
 
Pradeep Bhanot - Friend, Philosopher Guide And The Brand By Arjun Jani
Pradeep Bhanot - Friend, Philosopher Guide And The Brand By Arjun JaniPradeep Bhanot - Friend, Philosopher Guide And The Brand By Arjun Jani
Pradeep Bhanot - Friend, Philosopher Guide And The Brand By Arjun JaniPradeep Bhanot
 
Elite Class ➥8448380779▻ Call Girls In Mehrauli Gurgaon Road Delhi NCR
Elite Class ➥8448380779▻ Call Girls In Mehrauli Gurgaon Road Delhi NCRElite Class ➥8448380779▻ Call Girls In Mehrauli Gurgaon Road Delhi NCR
Elite Class ➥8448380779▻ Call Girls In Mehrauli Gurgaon Road Delhi NCRDelhi Call girls
 
Elite Class ➥8448380779▻ Call Girls In Naraina Delhi NCR
Elite Class ➥8448380779▻ Call Girls In Naraina Delhi NCRElite Class ➥8448380779▻ Call Girls In Naraina Delhi NCR
Elite Class ➥8448380779▻ Call Girls In Naraina Delhi NCRDelhi Call girls
 
Amil baba, Kala ilam expert in Multan and Black magic specialist in Sindh and...
Amil baba, Kala ilam expert in Multan and Black magic specialist in Sindh and...Amil baba, Kala ilam expert in Multan and Black magic specialist in Sindh and...
Amil baba, Kala ilam expert in Multan and Black magic specialist in Sindh and...baharayali
 
CALL ON ➥8923113531 🔝Call Girls Nishatganj Lucknow best Female service 🕶
CALL ON ➥8923113531 🔝Call Girls Nishatganj Lucknow best Female service  🕶CALL ON ➥8923113531 🔝Call Girls Nishatganj Lucknow best Female service  🕶
CALL ON ➥8923113531 🔝Call Girls Nishatganj Lucknow best Female service 🕶anilsa9823
 
CALL ON ➥8923113531 🔝Call Girls Indira Nagar Lucknow Lucknow best Night Fun s...
CALL ON ➥8923113531 🔝Call Girls Indira Nagar Lucknow Lucknow best Night Fun s...CALL ON ➥8923113531 🔝Call Girls Indira Nagar Lucknow Lucknow best Night Fun s...
CALL ON ➥8923113531 🔝Call Girls Indira Nagar Lucknow Lucknow best Night Fun s...anilsa9823
 
MEIDUNIDADE COM JESUS PALESTRA ESPIRITA1.pptx
MEIDUNIDADE COM JESUS  PALESTRA ESPIRITA1.pptxMEIDUNIDADE COM JESUS  PALESTRA ESPIRITA1.pptx
MEIDUNIDADE COM JESUS PALESTRA ESPIRITA1.pptxMneasEntidades
 
Top No 1 Amil baba in Islamabad Famous Amil baba in Pakistan Amil baba Contac...
Top No 1 Amil baba in Islamabad Famous Amil baba in Pakistan Amil baba Contac...Top No 1 Amil baba in Islamabad Famous Amil baba in Pakistan Amil baba Contac...
Top No 1 Amil baba in Islamabad Famous Amil baba in Pakistan Amil baba Contac...Amil Baba Naveed Bangali
 
Genesis 1:10 || Meditate the Scripture daily verse by verse
Genesis 1:10  ||  Meditate the Scripture daily verse by verseGenesis 1:10  ||  Meditate the Scripture daily verse by verse
Genesis 1:10 || Meditate the Scripture daily verse by versemaricelcanoynuay
 
Genesis 1:7 || Meditate the Scripture daily verse by verse
Genesis 1:7  ||  Meditate the Scripture daily verse by verseGenesis 1:7  ||  Meditate the Scripture daily verse by verse
Genesis 1:7 || Meditate the Scripture daily verse by versemaricelcanoynuay
 
VIP Call Girls Service mohali 7001035870 Enjoy Call Girls With Our Escorts
VIP Call Girls Service mohali 7001035870 Enjoy Call Girls With Our EscortsVIP Call Girls Service mohali 7001035870 Enjoy Call Girls With Our Escorts
VIP Call Girls Service mohali 7001035870 Enjoy Call Girls With Our Escortssonatiwari757
 
VIP mohali Call Girl 7001035870 Enjoy Call Girls With Our Escorts
VIP mohali Call Girl 7001035870 Enjoy Call Girls With Our EscortsVIP mohali Call Girl 7001035870 Enjoy Call Girls With Our Escorts
VIP mohali Call Girl 7001035870 Enjoy Call Girls With Our Escortssonatiwari757
 
VADODARA CALL GIRL AVAILABLE 7568201473 call me
VADODARA CALL GIRL AVAILABLE 7568201473 call meVADODARA CALL GIRL AVAILABLE 7568201473 call me
VADODARA CALL GIRL AVAILABLE 7568201473 call meshivanisharma5244
 
Call Girls in sarojini nagar Delhi 8264348440 ✅ call girls ❤️
Call Girls in sarojini nagar Delhi 8264348440 ✅ call girls ❤️Call Girls in sarojini nagar Delhi 8264348440 ✅ call girls ❤️
Call Girls in sarojini nagar Delhi 8264348440 ✅ call girls ❤️soniya singh
 
St. John's Church Parish Magazine - May 2024
St. John's Church Parish Magazine - May 2024St. John's Church Parish Magazine - May 2024
St. John's Church Parish Magazine - May 2024Chris Lyne
 
Lucknow 💋 (Call Girls) in Lucknow | Book 8923113531 Extreme Naughty Call Girl...
Lucknow 💋 (Call Girls) in Lucknow | Book 8923113531 Extreme Naughty Call Girl...Lucknow 💋 (Call Girls) in Lucknow | Book 8923113531 Extreme Naughty Call Girl...
Lucknow 💋 (Call Girls) in Lucknow | Book 8923113531 Extreme Naughty Call Girl...anilsa9823
 
CALL ON ➥8923113531 🔝Call Girls Balaganj Lucknow best sexual service
CALL ON ➥8923113531 🔝Call Girls Balaganj Lucknow best sexual serviceCALL ON ➥8923113531 🔝Call Girls Balaganj Lucknow best sexual service
CALL ON ➥8923113531 🔝Call Girls Balaganj Lucknow best sexual serviceanilsa9823
 
Call Girls in majnu ka tila Delhi 8264348440 ✅ call girls ❤️
Call Girls in majnu ka tila Delhi 8264348440 ✅ call girls ❤️Call Girls in majnu ka tila Delhi 8264348440 ✅ call girls ❤️
Call Girls in majnu ka tila Delhi 8264348440 ✅ call girls ❤️soniya singh
 

Último (20)

NoHo First Good News online newsletter May 2024
NoHo First Good News online newsletter May 2024NoHo First Good News online newsletter May 2024
NoHo First Good News online newsletter May 2024
 
Pradeep Bhanot - Friend, Philosopher Guide And The Brand By Arjun Jani
Pradeep Bhanot - Friend, Philosopher Guide And The Brand By Arjun JaniPradeep Bhanot - Friend, Philosopher Guide And The Brand By Arjun Jani
Pradeep Bhanot - Friend, Philosopher Guide And The Brand By Arjun Jani
 
Elite Class ➥8448380779▻ Call Girls In Mehrauli Gurgaon Road Delhi NCR
Elite Class ➥8448380779▻ Call Girls In Mehrauli Gurgaon Road Delhi NCRElite Class ➥8448380779▻ Call Girls In Mehrauli Gurgaon Road Delhi NCR
Elite Class ➥8448380779▻ Call Girls In Mehrauli Gurgaon Road Delhi NCR
 
Elite Class ➥8448380779▻ Call Girls In Naraina Delhi NCR
Elite Class ➥8448380779▻ Call Girls In Naraina Delhi NCRElite Class ➥8448380779▻ Call Girls In Naraina Delhi NCR
Elite Class ➥8448380779▻ Call Girls In Naraina Delhi NCR
 
Amil baba, Kala ilam expert in Multan and Black magic specialist in Sindh and...
Amil baba, Kala ilam expert in Multan and Black magic specialist in Sindh and...Amil baba, Kala ilam expert in Multan and Black magic specialist in Sindh and...
Amil baba, Kala ilam expert in Multan and Black magic specialist in Sindh and...
 
CALL ON ➥8923113531 🔝Call Girls Nishatganj Lucknow best Female service 🕶
CALL ON ➥8923113531 🔝Call Girls Nishatganj Lucknow best Female service  🕶CALL ON ➥8923113531 🔝Call Girls Nishatganj Lucknow best Female service  🕶
CALL ON ➥8923113531 🔝Call Girls Nishatganj Lucknow best Female service 🕶
 
CALL ON ➥8923113531 🔝Call Girls Indira Nagar Lucknow Lucknow best Night Fun s...
CALL ON ➥8923113531 🔝Call Girls Indira Nagar Lucknow Lucknow best Night Fun s...CALL ON ➥8923113531 🔝Call Girls Indira Nagar Lucknow Lucknow best Night Fun s...
CALL ON ➥8923113531 🔝Call Girls Indira Nagar Lucknow Lucknow best Night Fun s...
 
MEIDUNIDADE COM JESUS PALESTRA ESPIRITA1.pptx
MEIDUNIDADE COM JESUS  PALESTRA ESPIRITA1.pptxMEIDUNIDADE COM JESUS  PALESTRA ESPIRITA1.pptx
MEIDUNIDADE COM JESUS PALESTRA ESPIRITA1.pptx
 
St. Louise de Marillac and Poor Children
St. Louise de Marillac and Poor ChildrenSt. Louise de Marillac and Poor Children
St. Louise de Marillac and Poor Children
 
Top No 1 Amil baba in Islamabad Famous Amil baba in Pakistan Amil baba Contac...
Top No 1 Amil baba in Islamabad Famous Amil baba in Pakistan Amil baba Contac...Top No 1 Amil baba in Islamabad Famous Amil baba in Pakistan Amil baba Contac...
Top No 1 Amil baba in Islamabad Famous Amil baba in Pakistan Amil baba Contac...
 
Genesis 1:10 || Meditate the Scripture daily verse by verse
Genesis 1:10  ||  Meditate the Scripture daily verse by verseGenesis 1:10  ||  Meditate the Scripture daily verse by verse
Genesis 1:10 || Meditate the Scripture daily verse by verse
 
Genesis 1:7 || Meditate the Scripture daily verse by verse
Genesis 1:7  ||  Meditate the Scripture daily verse by verseGenesis 1:7  ||  Meditate the Scripture daily verse by verse
Genesis 1:7 || Meditate the Scripture daily verse by verse
 
VIP Call Girls Service mohali 7001035870 Enjoy Call Girls With Our Escorts
VIP Call Girls Service mohali 7001035870 Enjoy Call Girls With Our EscortsVIP Call Girls Service mohali 7001035870 Enjoy Call Girls With Our Escorts
VIP Call Girls Service mohali 7001035870 Enjoy Call Girls With Our Escorts
 
VIP mohali Call Girl 7001035870 Enjoy Call Girls With Our Escorts
VIP mohali Call Girl 7001035870 Enjoy Call Girls With Our EscortsVIP mohali Call Girl 7001035870 Enjoy Call Girls With Our Escorts
VIP mohali Call Girl 7001035870 Enjoy Call Girls With Our Escorts
 
VADODARA CALL GIRL AVAILABLE 7568201473 call me
VADODARA CALL GIRL AVAILABLE 7568201473 call meVADODARA CALL GIRL AVAILABLE 7568201473 call me
VADODARA CALL GIRL AVAILABLE 7568201473 call me
 
Call Girls in sarojini nagar Delhi 8264348440 ✅ call girls ❤️
Call Girls in sarojini nagar Delhi 8264348440 ✅ call girls ❤️Call Girls in sarojini nagar Delhi 8264348440 ✅ call girls ❤️
Call Girls in sarojini nagar Delhi 8264348440 ✅ call girls ❤️
 
St. John's Church Parish Magazine - May 2024
St. John's Church Parish Magazine - May 2024St. John's Church Parish Magazine - May 2024
St. John's Church Parish Magazine - May 2024
 
Lucknow 💋 (Call Girls) in Lucknow | Book 8923113531 Extreme Naughty Call Girl...
Lucknow 💋 (Call Girls) in Lucknow | Book 8923113531 Extreme Naughty Call Girl...Lucknow 💋 (Call Girls) in Lucknow | Book 8923113531 Extreme Naughty Call Girl...
Lucknow 💋 (Call Girls) in Lucknow | Book 8923113531 Extreme Naughty Call Girl...
 
CALL ON ➥8923113531 🔝Call Girls Balaganj Lucknow best sexual service
CALL ON ➥8923113531 🔝Call Girls Balaganj Lucknow best sexual serviceCALL ON ➥8923113531 🔝Call Girls Balaganj Lucknow best sexual service
CALL ON ➥8923113531 🔝Call Girls Balaganj Lucknow best sexual service
 
Call Girls in majnu ka tila Delhi 8264348440 ✅ call girls ❤️
Call Girls in majnu ka tila Delhi 8264348440 ✅ call girls ❤️Call Girls in majnu ka tila Delhi 8264348440 ✅ call girls ❤️
Call Girls in majnu ka tila Delhi 8264348440 ✅ call girls ❤️
 

the IRA

  • 1. THE IRA. Irish RepublicanArmy. A cura di Sara Viterbi. Corso di Studi in Interpretariato e Comunicazione anno 2010/2011. 1
  • 2. A briefintroduction • 1800 Act of Union and situation of Irish Catholics • Irish situation before, during and after the famine of 1845 2
  • 3. Bornof the IRA • 1858 born of Irish Republican Brotherhood (Fenians). Aim: sustain rebellions against England. • Clan nanGael in New York • 1916: year of changes. Risings during Easter Week. • April 24, 1916. Dublin.Easter Rising headed by James Connolly • 1917. Elections won by Sinn Féin • 1916-1919. the alternative parliament of Sinn Féin: the DáilÉireann. 3
  • 4. Irish civil war. 1919-1922 • Michael Collins organised the “Squad” in 1919 • January-July 1920:attacks against the RIC • English response: Black and Tan and British Army • War in Dublin and in Munster • War in Northern Ireland and Belfast • End of the war: the Anglo-Irish Treaty signed on the 6° December 1921 • 1922: split in the Sinn Féin between pro-Treaty and anti- Treaty. 4
  • 5. Consequencesof the Treaty • The Treaty divided Ireland in Northern Ireland and the Irish Free State • In the summer of 1924 violence came to and end and the two Irelands started to coexist. • The IRA was broken by the war • 1925 new Constitution of the IRA. 4 essential topics: defence of the Republic, establishment and protection of the new Government, safety and freedom for citizens and the diffusion of Irish culture. • 1926. de Valera formed the FiannaFàil. • 1932 de Valera won elections. During de Valera government members of the IRA grew from 1.800 to 10.000 members due to the Great Depression. 5
  • 6. Irelandduring World War 1 and 2 • 1935. relations between de Valera and the IRA turned to enmity. • 1939. Emergency Power Act in Britain: Ireland had to be neutral during the war. • The IRA hoped for a support to German army against England. • O’Donovan trips in Germany. Topics under discussion with Germany: reviving English campaign, policies and reaction of Dublin government, IRA arm requirements. 6
  • 7. After the War: the third Boarder Campaign • The first Boarder campaign had taken place during Irish War of Independence, the second during the World War 2. • Tony Managan decided to improve relations with Sinn Féin • 1949. the IRA convention. Sinn Féin became the civilian wing of the IRA. • November 1956. third Border Campaign. Causes: prevent more splits in the IRA and UK general elections results • Attacks by around 150 target on the boarder with Northern Ireland. 12° December the IRA issued a statement to declare the start of the Campaign: “Spearheaded by Ireland’s freedom fighters, our people have carried the fight to the enemy…Out of this national liberation struggle a new Ireland will emerge, upright and free. In that new Ireland, we shall build a country fit for all our people to live in. That then is our aim: an independent, united, democratic Irish Republic. For this we shall fight until the invader is driven from our soil and victory is ours". 7
  • 8. Respuesta del gobierno de Irlanda del Norte • 21 de Diciembre de 1956.El gobierno de Itlanda del Norte utilizó la Ley de poderes especiales para internar a cientos de sospechosos sin juicio. • 1957. el año más activo del IRA, 341 incidentes registrados. • 1958. ímpetu disipado. • 1961. William Hunter (RUC) asesinado. • Balance de la guerrilla: 8 mimbros IRA asesinados, 4 republicanos, 6 miembros RUC. 32 RUC heridos, 256 republicanos pejuicados. • Campaña Fronteriza considerada un desastre. Cathal Goulding: jefe de Estado Major 1962. 8
  • 9. 1969-1970 divisiones en la IRA • División en la IRA y en Sinn Féin. Causa: dirección política tomada por el partido. • IRA Oficial: Cathal Goulding • IRA Provisional: dirección por Tomas Mac Giolla • División también en el Sinn Féin después de un debate al ArdFheis. • El partido liderado por el PIRA: Sinn Fèin Provisional, el partido liderado por el OIRA: el Sinn Féin de los Trabajadores. 9
  • 10. El IRA Oficial • Battalla de Bogside. Criticas a Goulding. • 1970. cisma en el Sinn Féin. Partido de los Trabajadores liderado por MscGiolla. • 1971. militantes del OIRA luchaban contra el ejército Británico • Febrero 1972. OIRA intentó asesinar a un político unionista, John Taylor • 1975 OIRA y PIRA mantuvieron tiroteos que llegaron a la muerte de 11 militantes de ambos los lados. • 1975. INLA. Facción radical del OIRA liderada por Costello. • OIRA y INRA se enfrentaron para mantener la hegemonía. • 1998. acuerdo del Viernes Santo. • Hoy. Mayoría de los políticos del Partido de los Trabajadores están en la Izquierda Democrática. 10
  • 11. El IRA Provisional • Autoproclamada heredera del antiguo IRA contrario al tratado de entre Inglaterra y Irlanda de 1921. • Goulding en 1962 se convirtió en jefe de estado mayor del IRA. • En el verano de 1969 se opuso a la distribución de armas a los unionistas en Ulster que luchaban contra el ejército Británico. El creía en la lucha civil. • 1969. Sítiofaín, uno de los opositores a Goulding, fundó el IRA Provisional y el Consejo Provisional del Ejército. • Cuartel general en la Calle Kevin, estrategia: guerra de desgaste, nombrada “guerra larga”. • 1972-75 picos de violencias. • 1975. ÉireNua: el programa proponía una división de los poderes en gobiernos regionales. • 1998. Acuerdos del Viernes Santo. 11