Presentation about Smart Power Grid, at a pioneering conference in Hyd, India.

1. SMART POWER GRIDS
The Institution of Engineers (India), All India Seminar
Hyderabad, July 15-16, 2009
SMART GRID –
ECOSYSTEM ON DEMAND-SIDE
WITH CUSTOMER INTEGRATION
Satyam B @ NeoSilica

2. PRESENTATION OUTLINE
 Energy Efficiency vs. New Generation
 Customer Domain of Smart Grid
 Smart Meters
 Smart Energy Devices and Controls
 Home Area Network
 Smart Vehicle Integration
 Local Generation and Micro-Grid Integration
 Customer Integration
 Availability Based Tariff (Real-time Pricing)
 Demand Response
Satyam B @ NeoSilica

3. ENERGY DISTRIBUTION IN US (%)
Satyam B @ NeoSilica Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

4. RAISING ENERGY RATES FOR CONSUMERS
 Household energy bills going up steadily (UK example)
 £ 580 5 years ago to £1,250 today
 To £5,000 in 10 years (42% yearly increase)
 Why are energy bills going up?
 Rate caps are coming off
 Energy usage is increasing dramatically, outpacing the supply
World Energy need up by 50% by 2030
Of which – 20% India (25% China)
 Utilities are investing heavily into Smartgrid activities
 Utilities are trying to cover “peak demand” losses
Utilities pay 2-3 times typical PPA price during peak demand
 Increasing costs for energy generation
 More Off-shore Exploration
 Higher Processing Costs for Efficiency and Sustainability Compliance
 Higher Generation Costs of Renewables
 Higher Costs of Transmission and Distribution (answer=micro-grids)
Satyam B @ NeoSilica

5. OVERVIEW OF CUSTOMER DOMAIN
Satyam B @ NeoSilica

6. SMART METERS
 Meter Reading Interfaces
 Optical Port – requires Optical to Electrical conversion (not reliable and long range)
 Wired RS485 – more reliable
 Wireless Mesh WiFi (Zigbee/ZWave) – integrate into Home Area Network
 Wireless GPS/GPRS – data plans are expensive over time, expensive mobile cards
 AMI (Automated Metering Infrastructure)
 AMR – meter reading – touch free, pass by, over network
 Also provide bi-directional communication to support
 Remote Disconnect-Connect
 Prepaid
 Detect unauthorized usage
 Power Outage indication
 Interval or Time-of-Use Rates
 Key difference – Networked system – not a standalone unit
 Key Players
 Standard models: GE, Landys & Gear, Echelon, Itron, Smart Meter, …
 Customizable: HPL Socomec, Neptune, Chinese manufacturers, …
 Larger implementations – Italy (27 million)
Satyam B @ NeoSilica

7. SOLUTION SCOPE
Demand Response User
AMI
++ Conservation
+
* Customer +++
AMR * Remote Disconnect
Participation * Local Generation
Smart Meters * Outage Detection
* Energy Gateway Integration
Meter Reading * Utility Portal
* HAN * User Conservation
* User Portal
* Mobile * User IHD
Services
Satyam B @ NeoSilica

8. METER TO BACKEND SERVER CONNECTIVITY
Meter to Backend Server (Utility Data Center) Connectivity Options
 Option 1: Meters  Data Concentrators  Backhaul Network  Backend
Servers
 Meters  Data Concentrator on a Pole
 PowerLine (Echelon, …)
 Data Concentrator  Backend Servers
 Any IP Network, dedicated or shared – wired (MAN, WAN, BPL) or wireless (WiFi,
WiMAX)
 Option 2: Meters  Backend Servers
 Mobile Option (GSM/GPRS, Carriers offering m2m data plans)
 Option 3: Meters  Energy Gateway  Generic Broadband
 Option 4: Meters  Energy Gateway  Concentrator  …
 Secure Communication between Devices (m2m)
 Encryption, integrity check, access control
 Tested to be tamper/hacker proof
Satyam B @ NeoSilica

9. HOME AREA NETWORK (HAN)
 Set up a network at Home to connect
 Smart Meters
 Energy/Network Gateways
 Energy Appliances and their Smart Controls (external or built-in)
 AC with Thermostat, Lighting System, Washer that responds to DR/TOU rates
 Display Devices (Home Automation Screen, TV, Home Theater, …)
 Local Machines, PC/Mobile (if required)
Networking Options (dedicated or shared, combination of)
 Wired
 PLC (Powerline Carrier Communication)
 HomePlug (1.0 and AV), Echelon
 RS485 (serial)
 Ethernet
 Wireless
 RF Mesh WiFi
 Zigbee getting more popular with industry push (low power, lower range)
 Zwave has superior technical features, but not yet a leader
 WLAN 802.11
 GSM/GPRS
Satyam B @ NeoSilica

10. ENERGY DEVICES AND SMART CONTROLS
 Major Energy Devices
 Air Conditioners
 Rapidly growing market
 Need Thermostats or advanced controls
 VRF Central AC
 Efficient zoning
 Built-in Energy Control
 CFC free coolant
 Hot Water Heaters/Geysers
 Reduce Wastage
 Water Pumps (Sumps)
 Washing Machines and Dryers
 Lighting – Smart Systems to Manage
 Residential Lighting
 Commercial and Public Utilities
 Home Automation with Energy Management Features
Satyam B @ NeoSilica

11. INTEGRATE WITH TIME OF USE RATES
 Integrate Customer’s Choice with Utility’s TOU Rates
 From the Utility side:
 Read meters dynamically in real time
 Adjust TOU rates for the neighborhood
 Send back Unit Prices to the meter – for local retrieval on
HAN
 Optimize energy usage – based on peak and off-peak
rates
 Start washer/dryer at night – when off peak
 Stop motors and geysers during peak times
 Air Conditioners – adjust thermostats
Satyam B @ NeoSilica

12. LOCAL/MICRO-GRID INTEGRATION
 Local Generation (Solar, Wind)
 Monitor and integrate – solar/wind generation
 Net metering
 Monitor for efficiency
 Energy Management to match Generation
Satyam B @ NeoSilica