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UNICITY INTERNATIONAL School Health Guidelines to Promote Healthy Eating and Physical Activity Presentation
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- 1. UNICITY INTERNATIONALUNICITY INTERNATIONAL School HealthSchool Health Guidelines to PromoteGuidelines to Promote Healthy Eating andHealthy Eating and Physical ActivityPhysical Activity PresentationPresentation
- 2. Learning Objectives Presentation and Activity 1. Define the terms overweight and obesity. 2. Describe three health consequences of childhood obesity. 3. Explain the purpose of CDC’s School Health Guidelines to Promote Healthy Eating and Physical Activity. 4. Identify at least two healthy eating and two physical activity policies or practices that can be implemented in schools to address obesity. 5. Prioritize two guidelines to address obesity, physical activity, and nutrition in your state, region, city, or school district. 6. Name three groups of stakeholders in your state, region, city, or school district that need to be informed about the Guidelines.
- 3. Overweight and Obesity Defined • Overweight: having extra body weight, for a particular height, from fat, muscle, bone, or water. • Obesity: having a high amount of excess body fat. • Energy Balance • Energy In = Energy Out
- 4. Obesity Not just an adult concern anymore… Conditions Seen in Children •High Cholesterol •Type 2 Diabetes/ Impaired Glucose Tolerance •High Blood Pressure •Social Problems and Poor Self-Esteem •Sleep Disturbances •Orthopedic Problems
- 5. Genetics Environment Unhealthy Diet Sedentary Lifestyle Lack of Physical Activity Factors Contributing to Obesity
- 6. School Environments School Food Environment Low-nutrient, energy-dense foods and beverages are • Served in vending machines, à la carte lines, school stores, fundraisers, and classroom parties. • Marketed to students. (cont.)
- 7. School Environments School Physical Activity Environment •Daily physical education is not provided in most schools. •Daily recess for elementary school students is not offered at many schools. •Walking or biking to school is less common.
- 8. Rationale Physical activity and healthy eating are linked with • Academic Success • Health and Well-being • Risk for Obesity • Risk for Chronic Conditions (e.g., osteoarthritis) • Risk for Chronic Diseases (e.g., cancer)
- 9. School Health Guidelines to Promote Healthy Eating and Physical Activity Purpose: To provide science-based guidance for schools on establishing a school environment supportive of healthy eating and physical activity. The Guidelines support the • Dietary Guidelines for Americans • Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans • U.S. Healthy People 2020 objectives
- 10. GUIDELINE Policies and Practices 11 Use a coordinated approach to develop, implement, and evaluate healthy eating and physical activity policies and practices.
- 11. Assess* Develop and Implement Evaluate Policies and Practices School Health Council School Health Team School Health Coordinator * Using the School Health Index
- 12. School Environments 22 Establish school environments that support healthy eating and physical activity.
- 13. School Environments Selected Strategies to Encourage Healthy Eating and Physical Activity • Promote access to healthy foods and physical activity at school. • Provide suitable facilities for healthy eating. • Establish safe spaces and facilities for physical activity. • Avoid using physical activity as punishment. • Avoid using food items to reward students. GUIDELINE 2
- 14. Nutrition Services 33 Provide a quality school meal program and ensure that students have only appealing, healthy food and beverage choices offered outside of the school meal program.
- 15. What is Food & Nutrition? Food is what we eat when we are hungry and even when we are not hungry! Nutrition is what our body needs on a daily basis to stay healthy
- 16. Why we need Nutrition? It helps in… • Growth & development • Improves immunity • Detoxification • Anti-aging • Increasing energy levels & vitality Result - Overall Wellness!
- 17. What is Balanced Nutrition? Nutrients we need every day: • Proteins • Vitamins and minerals • Carbohydrates • Essential fats • Fibre • Herbs • Water etc. Ensuring we get a daily supply of the adequate amount of nutrients from our diet to stay healthy.
- 18. Our Regular food Pattern EXCESSES Salt, sugar, fats,calories, carbohydrates Vitamins & minerals, protein, fiber, water DEFICIENCIES
- 19. DOCTOR SAY.... 70% of all doctor visits are due to diet related conditions 70% of the major killing diseases … strokes cancer, cardio vascular diseases and diabetes, are directly related to our diet and lifestyle 50% of these can be prevented with good nutrition & lifestyle improvement THE #1 COMPLAINT IS FATIGUE
- 20. THE SOLUTION WELCOME TO UNICITY
- 21. GUIDELINE Physical Education and Physical Activity 44 Implement a comprehensive physical activity program with quality physical education as the cornerstone.
- 22. GUIDELINE Health Education 55 Implement health education that provides students with the knowledge, attitudes, skills, and experiences needed for healthy eating and physical activity.
- 23. GUIDELINE School Health Services 66 Provide students with health, mental health, and social services to address healthy eating, physical activity, and related chronic disease prevention.
- 24. GUIDELINE Family and Community 77 Partner with families and community members in the development and implementation of healthy eating and physical activity policies, practices, and programs.
- 25. GUIDELINE Promote Communication and Involvement Schools Families Community Members Family and Community GUIDELINE 7
- 26. GUIDELINE School Employee Wellness 88 Provide a school employee wellness program that includes healthy eating and physical activity services for all school staff members.
- 27. GUIDELINE Professional Development 99Employ qualified persons, and provide professional development opportunities for physical education, health education, nutrition services, and health, mental health, and social services staff members, as well as staff members who supervise recess, cafeteria time, and out-of-school-time programs.
Notas del editor
- NARRATIVE The public health focus on childhood obesity reflects concern for children’s health, not their physical appearance. With the rise in rates of obesity in children, we are seeing more children and adolescents develop health problems that previously were not seen typically until adulthood.2,5-7 Obesity in children and adolescents is linked with a number of problems, including High cholesterol, a condition in which high levels of a fat-like substance build up along arterial walls.8 Type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose levels, a disorder in how the body uses digested food for growth and energy.9 High blood pressure, which creates a higher force of blood flow and makes the heart pump harder.10 Social problems and poor self-esteem, such as increased bullying and stigmatization because of weight.11,12 Sleep disturbances and sleep apnea, which result in shortened sleeping time.5 Orthopedic problems in bones, joints, ligaments, tendons, muscles, and nerves.5
- NARRATIVE A number of factors contribute to obesity, including lack of physical activity, a sedentary lifestyle, an unhealthy diet, and environmental factors.2 While genetics also plays a role in obesity, we will focus today on the causes of obesity that we CAN change.
- NARRATIVE While schools have great potential to provide opportunities for students to learn about and practice healthy behaviors, such as healthy eating and physical activity, schools have not always provided the healthiest choices to students. First, students often have access to a variety of less healthy food and beverage options at school through vending machines, school stores, fundraisers, and classroom parties.23-26 Students also are exposed to food advertising and marketing through school score boards, vending machines, book covers, and homework incentives.27,28
- NARRATIVE Also, schools are not regularly providing physical activity opportunities during the school day, such as physical education or recess. In addition, fewer children are walking or biking to school compared to 30 years ago.29,30
- NARRATIVE Thus far in this presentation, we’ve seen how obesity is affecting our children and adolescents. In the next segment of our presentation, we will discuss the strategies schools can use to help reduce obesity. Schools offer an ideal setting for health promotion activities, such as healthy eating and physical activity, that may lower the risk of childhood obesity. Healthy eating and physical activity can Increase students’ academic success.31-34 Improve health and well-being, such as improved self-esteem.35,36 Lower the risk of chronic disease, such as heart disease, stroke, cancer, and diabetes.35,36 Schools offer an ideal setting for students to learn about and practice healthy behaviors.21,22
- NARRATIVE The School Health Guidelines to Promote Healthy Eating and Physical Activity provide guidance to schools on establishing a school environment supportive of healthy eating and physical activity. The Guidelines are based on scientific research and expert opinion. The Guidelines support the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, and the National health objectives set forth in Healthy People 2020.* *Note to Facilitator: If any of the participants want to know more about these documents, the URLs for accessing them are provided below: Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010: www.cnpp.usda.gov/DGAs2010-PolicyDocument.htm 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans: www.health.gov/paguidelines/ Healthy People 2020: www.healthypeople.gov/2020/default.aspx (also see Appendix B in School Health Guidelines to Promote Healthy Eating and Physical Activity: www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/rr/rr6005.pdf)
- NARRATIVE Guideline 1 states that schools should use a coordinated approach to develop, implement, and evaluate healthy eating and physical activity policies and practices. People from different segments of the school and community, including students and parents or other adult caregivers of a child, should work together to maximize healthy eating and physical activity opportunities for students. Bringing together individuals and groups Facilitates better communication, Reduces duplication of policies and practices, Increases options for obtaining additional resources to support healthy eating and physical activity, and Increases efficiency through organized efforts. This coordination of individuals and groups also increases the likelihood that programs can be sustained over time.37-41
- NARRATIVE School districts should establish a school health council, and schools should establish a school health team. These serve as advisory, decision-making groups and as planning groups, addressing school health policies and practices.42,43 Each school health council and school health team should have a school health coordinator to lead the group.38, 44-46 School health councils and school health teams should include multiple representatives, including health and physical education teachers, nutrition services staff, students, families, school administrators, school nurses, and other community members.42,43 1.The School Health Team should assess current healthy eating and physical activity policies and practices. An assessment allows schools to identify science-based school health policies and determine strengths and weaknesses in school policies and practices related to nutrition, physical activity, and other important health topics.47,48 CDC’s School Health Index is a self-assessment and planning guide schools may use to assess the strengths and weaknesses of their health and safety policies and practices (www.cdc.gov/HealthyYouth/SHI) After the assessment is completed, schools can develop a plan for improving health and safety policies and practices. 2.School districts and schools should establish a system to develop, implement, and monitor healthy eating and physical activity policies. Health policies are vital in driving positive changes in the schools.49 For example, each school district participating in the federally supported school meal programs is required to develop, implement, and monitor a local wellness policy with goals focused on nutrition and physical activity (42 U.S.C. 1758 (b). 2011). 3.Once policies and practices have been developed and implemented, schools and districts should evaluate the program to see if the policy or practice has improved students’ health.50
- NARRATIVE Guideline 2 states that schools should establish school environments that support healthy eating and physical activity. The school environment should Foster opportunities for healthy eating and physical activity. Keep students safe during physical activity programs and ensure food safety. Be positive and accepting of diverse body shapes and sizes among students and staff.
- NARRATIVE A healthy school environment is made up of a number of components. The following traits characterize a school environment that supports healthy eating and physical activity: All students have access to healthy foods and physical activity opportunities throughout the school day.51,52 Schools provide suitable facilities for healthy eating, such as a cafeteria that is clean, pleasant, and has suitable seating for students. Students should be able to enjoy the social aspects of dining without whistles or eating-under-silence orders.53,54 Schools adopt marketing practices that promote the healthy dietary choices available in the cafeteria and other places where food and beverages are sold.55-57 (Not shown on slide.) Students have access to safe spaces and facilities for physical activity, with high levels of supervision during physical activity programs.30,51,58-61 Teachers do not use physical activity as punishment or deny physical activity opportunities as a form of punishment.62 Schools do not use food items to reward student achievement or positive classroom behavior. Instead, rewards should support student health by using nonfood items or activities, such as stickers, books, or extra time for recess.63 A healthy body image is promoted among students, and schools are accepting of diverse body shapes and sizes among all students and staff.53 (Not shown on slide.) Schools implement a universal school bullying policy to discourage students from bullying other students about their weight or body size.53 (Not shown on slide.)
- NARRATIVE Schools are in a unique position to promote healthy dietary behaviors and help ensure a quality diet among their students. Guideline 3 states that schools should provide a quality school meal program and ensure that students have only appealing, healthy food and beverage choices offered outside of the school meal program.
- NARRATIVE Guideline 4 states that schools should implement a comprehensive physical activity program with quality physical education as the cornerstone. Federal physical activity guidelines state that children and adolescents should participate in at least 60 minutes of physical activity daily.68 A comprehensive, school-based physical activity program includes before, during, and after-school physical activity.69,70 A substantial percentage of students’ physical activity can be provided through a comprehensive, school-based physical activity program and can help students achieve the recommended number of minutes of physical activity each day.
- NARRATIVE Guideline 5 states that schools should implement health education that provides students with the knowledge, attitudes, skills, and experiences needed for healthy eating and physical activity. Health education can increase the likelihood that students engage in healthy behaviors and avoid or reduce health risks to become successful learners and productive adults.
- NARRATIVE Guideline 6 advises that schools should provide students with health, mental health, and social services to address healthy eating, physical activity, and related chronic disease prevention. Because students spend a majority of their day in schools, schools are responsible for students’ physical health, mental health, and safety during the school day.53 Because students’ academic success and well-being are intertwined with their physical and mental health and safety, schools have become key providers or liaisons for services to address these needs. These services may be especially critical to students with chronic conditions, students who lack health insurance, or students who do not regularly see their medical care provider. School staff who provide these services include nurses, physicians, dentists, counselors, psychologists, social workers, and sometimes psychiatrists.82 School nurses, especially, play a critical role in coordinating student health care services. Schools should have one full-time nurse for every 750 students.83
- NARRATIVE Guideline 7 states that schools should partner with families and community members in the development and implementation of healthy eating and physical activity policies, practices, and programs. Partnerships among schools, families, and community members can Enhance student learning, Promote consistent messaging about healthy behaviors, Increase resources, and Engage, guide, and motivate students to eat healthily and be active.87,88 Schools, families, and community members influence the growth and development of students and share responsibility for nurturing students into becoming healthy and productive adults.87,88
- NARRATIVE Schools can encourage and facilitate communication among schools, families, and community members. Schools should communicate frequently with parents about healthy eating and physical activity initiatives and policies introduced at the school.89,90 Schools can communicate with parents through flyers, newsletters, telephone calls, conversations at schools, Internet communications, and media coverage.91-93 In addition to maintaining open communication, schools should invite families and community members to participate on school health councils and school health teams and ask for their input on planning and implementing school health policies, practices, and curriculum.42 Schools can involve families in school-based programs and activities that address student health. This might include family homework assignments and family nights focused on healthy eating and physical activity. To increase family participation in activities, schools should provide parents with a variety of ways to participate.94 For example, schools can try to link health promotion activities with those activities that already involve families, such as the PTA, school sport events, and parent-teacher student conferences. Community members are another key resource schools should consider. Community resources can help expand the healthy eating and physical activity opportunities available to students. Schools can reach out to staff from universities, hospitals, local businesses, health centers, health agencies, and others as potential community partners.95,96 Community partners may be able to offer health promotion activities and events, purchase equipment, or advise on health education curricula.92,98-99
- NARRATIVE School employee wellness programs can Improve staff productivity, Increase teacher morale, Improve teachers’ general well-being and their ability to handle job stress, Decrease employee absenteeism, and Decrease employee health care costs.100-106 In addition, school employee wellness programs may influence the adoption of healthy eating and physical activity behaviors by staff and result in school staff modeling positive health behaviors for students.105,106 Examples of services for school employees include individual and group behavior counseling, access to health education lectures, and point-of-decision prompts that encourage the use of stairwells.
- NARRATIVE Guideline 9 states that schools should employ qualified persons, and provide professional development opportunities for Physical education and health education staff members, Nutrition services staff members, Health, mental health, and social services staff members, and Staff members who supervise recess, cafeteria time, and out-of-school-time programs. Providing certified and qualified staff members with regular professional development opportunities allows them to improve current skills and acquire new ones.112-117