2. EXAMINATION IN CHIEF
First examination of the witness.
Questions put to him by the lawyer for the side which
has summoned him.
3. STATE VERSUS A
In criminal cases the act committed by an individual or a
group, the State becomes a party instead of the aggrieved
person and starts the criminal prosecution.
The effect of the questions and answers is recorded
indirectly and not in the form of question & answers.
5. The main objects are:
To elicit facts favourable to his case
To test the accuracy of the statements made by the
witness
To modify or explain what has been said
To develop new or old facts
To discredit the witness
To remove any undue or excessive emphasis which may
have been given to any of them
6. By doing this, the lawyer may try to weaken the evidence
by showing that the evidence given is inconsistent,
inaccurate, ill-founded, contradictory & untrustworthy.
The cross-examination need not be confined to the facts
to which the witness testified in his chief examination.
The witness may be asked question on the bias, his
previous conviction, his reputation for truthfulness may
have which would affect the reliability of his evidence.
7. Objection to testimony:
when a question is asked to the
witness, the opposing lawyer may say “I object” & give
his reason for the same. The witness should not answer
the question until the Court gives a ruling on the
objection. If the Judge says “Objection overruled”,
the answer has to be given