4. PROS
• Less acreage required
• Less investment
• Ease of handling
• Multi-purpose
• Reproductive efficiency
~5-month gestation, prolificacy
• Grazing behavior
• Can finish lambs on grass
• Niche demand for products
Demographics and immigration
• Can complement other enterprises
5. CONS
• Small industry
• Lack of infrastructure
e.g., medicine, veterinarians
• Lack of mainstream
demand for products
• Fencing needs
• Labor needs
• Predator risk
The 3 P’s: parasites, predators, and profitability
6. Decide what you are
going to raise them for?
• Meat
• Wool, skins
• Dairy
• Vegetation control
• Show
• 4-H, FFA project
• More than one purpose
7. Meat
production
• Raise meat breeds
• Ewes lamb every 6-12 months
Annual lambing most common
• Sell lambs at weaning or
heavier weights.
• Take to sale barn or direct
market (meat).
• Grow/finish on pasture or feed
or combination.
• Wool income negligible.
8. Wool
production
• Raise wool breeds
• Ewe flock; meat important
product
• Annual shearing (sometimes
more often)
• Direct market fleeces to hand
spinners and crafters.
• Add value to wool before selling.
• No longer a wool pool in
Maryland, but in other states.
9. Dairy production
• Raise dairy breeds/crosses
• Lamb annually
• Remove lambs at birth or begin milking after
weaning lambs at 30 days or do hybrid system.
• Sheep milk usually made into cheese.
• Lots of regulations to follow in order to sell
products (can make soap without license).
• Few sheep dairies in US
10. Vegetation
control
• Get paid to graze
• Control unwanted vegetation
• Solar grazing getting popular
• Any breed
• Often dry ewes
Image: American Solar Grazing
Association (solargrazing.org)
11. Seedstock
(breeding stock)
• Any breed
• Purebred or crossbred
• Registered or commercial
• Rams or ewes or both
• Keep good records
Only sell “best” rams and sound ewes
• Set high health standards
• Have high ethnical standards
12. US Sheep Breeds
• About 60 recognized sheep breeds in the US.
• No best breed(s)
• Each breed (or type) has specific
characteristics that make it suitable for
certain production systems and/or markets.
• Breeds usually excel in the production of
meat, wool, or milk – seldom two or all three.
• Sometimes there’s as much difference within
breeds as between breeds.
• Not all breeds are available in a geographic
area.
13. Classify by
type of coat
or wool
• Wooled
• Fine wool
• Crossbred wool
• Medium wool
• Long (coarse) wool
• Carpet wool
• Hair / shedding
19. What you need
to raise sheep
• Feed source, usually pasture (land)
• Properly fenced pasture
• Other feed sources
• Housing
• Shelter
• Feeders: hay, grain, minerals
• Watering system
• Feed storage
• A way to handle them
• A veterinarian
21. How much land do you
need to raise sheep?
• It depends on many factors
• Geographic region / climate/
rainfall / season
• How many months of the year
sheep can/will graze
• When lambs will be sold
Weight lambs will be sold
How lambs will be finished
• Mid-Atlantic “rule of thumb”:
1 AU (1000 lbs) per two acres
2-3 sheep/acre
24. Perimeter fence
Fencing for sheep needs to control animals and deter predators
High-Tensile Electric Woven wire
25. High-tensile
electric fence
• 4-6 strands of smooth galvanized wire
• All electric or alternate hot and cold
• Wires closer together at bottom
• Strong corners
• Good tension
• Good charger/energizer
• More of a phycological barrier
• May need to train animals to respect
26. Woven wire
American wire, field fence, box
wire, mesh wire
• Visual barrier
• Horizontal wires with vertical stays
(many configurations).
• Use fence with holes small enough
that sheep/lambs cannot get their
heads stuck.
• Common to add barbed wires to top
and bottom of fence.
• Electric off-set wires also common.
• Cover board fences
39. Labor
Sheep can be labor intensive at times
• Breeding
• Lambing
• Hoof trimming
• Vaccinating
• Monitoring for parasites and deworming
• Rotating pastures
• Feeding
• Shearing/crutching
• Bottle feeding
40. Livestock
guardians
• Common to sheep farms
• Another line of defense against
predators.
• Dogs (specific breeds)
Llamas
Donkeys (standard size)
• Pros and cons to each type of
guardian
41. Getting
started
• Buy from reputable breeders or
sales
• Buy from as few sources as
possible
• Favor performance tested
animals
• Prices will vary
• Put more emphasis on ram ($)
• Biosecurity, biosecurity,
biosecurity – beware of hidden
diseases.
43. US Scrapie
regulations
• Producers are required to follow federal and
state regulations for officially identifying their
sheep/goats.
• Call 866-USDA-TAG to register you flock
(get flock/premise ID)
• Buy approved tags
• Tag sheep before they leave your farm
(some exceptions).
• Keep records for five years.
• Voluntary Scrapie Certification Program
44. Support $$$ for sheep/goat
farmers
• Take advantage of Extension:
“free” education available in
every county and state.
• Participate in a grant project.
• Apply for a grant, e.g., SARE
• Apply for cost share with
Natural Resource
Conservation Service (NRCS)
– EQIP program
45. Sheep 201:
A Beginner’s Guide to Raising Sheep
50 chapters
1) Getting started
2) Facilities and equipment
3) Reproduction and breeding
4) Health
5) Lambing
6) Management
7) Feeds and feeding
8) Predators
9) Environmental stewardship
10) Marketing
11) Economics
www.sheep101.info/201/
46. Small Ruminant Q&A
• 52 Q and A’s
• Breeding and reproduction
• Drug use
• Facilities
• Feeding and nutrition
• Health
• Internal parasites
• Lambing and kidding
• Management
• Marketing
• Pasture and forages
www.sheep101/QandA/
47. SUSAN SCHOENIAN
Sheep & Goat Specialist
University of Maryland Extension
sschoen@umd.edu
sheepandgoat.com
sheep101.info
wormx.info
Facebook @MD Small Ruminant