Stephen graham cyborg dreams: urban warfare and military technoscience

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A detailed analysis of how the latest in US military thinking involves systematically targeting and disabling the infrastructure of cities

Noticias y política

Cyborg Dreams Urban Warfare and US Military Techno-Science Stephen Graham Department of Geography University of Durham, UK

I US-Dominated Neoliberal Empire: Imaginative Geographies

The ‘Revolution in Military Affairs’ (RMA) ,[object Object]

II Global South Cities as Main ‘Battlespace’ ,[object Object],[object Object]

Cities as Interrupters of Networked Military Power ,[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object]

‘ Urbanization of Insurgency’ ,[object Object]

Scale Mismatch: Megacities vs Professional Army

Popular Orientalism: Unveiling Intrinsically Devious Arab Cities

Popular Geopolitics Meets Voyeuristic Verticality

Simulacral Participation

III The ‘Urban Turn’ in the RMA ,[object Object],[object Object]

Networked Soldier as Cyborg

‘ MOUT’ Training Mini-Cities

Urban Terrain Zone Mapping

‘ Urban Resolve’: Jakarta 2015

New Surveillance Systems & Unmanned Vehicles

Fantasies of Robotised Killing ,[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object]

Tirpak (2001): humans required only “until UCAVs establish a track record of reliability in finding the right targets and employing weapons properly”. Then “machines will be trusted to do even that”. LOCPAD (Low Cost Persistent Area Design); ‘entire kill chain executed by the munition’. (Ewing, 2005)

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

UAVs and Surveillance for Homeland? ,[object Object],[object Object]

“ The ultimate expression of sovereignty resides in the power and capacity to dictate who may live and who must die” Achille Mbembe ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Unerringly, across its whole history, urban science fiction has offered up imagined cities that operate about remarkably similar and highly verticalised visions. These are heavily dominated by politics of class, resistance and revolution that are starkly organized around vertically stratified and vertically exaggerated urban spaces. From the early and definitive efforts of H.G. Wells and Fritz Lang, through J.G. Ballard’s 1975 novel High Rise, to many cyberpunk classics, this essay – the latest in a series in City on the vertical dimensions of cities1 – reflects on how vertical imaginaries in urban science fiction intersect with the politics and contestations of the fast-verticalising cities around the world. The essay has four parts. It begins by disentangling in detail the ways in which the sci-fi visions of Wells, Lang, Ballard and various cyberpunk authors were centrally constituted through vertical structures, landscapes, metaphors and allegories. The essay’s second part then teases out the complex linkages between verticalised sci-fi imaginaries and material cityscapes that are actually constructed, lived and experienced. Stressing the impossibility of some clean and binary opposition between ‘factual’ and ‘fictional’ cities, the essay explores how verticalised projects, material cities, sci-fi texts, imaginary futures, architectural schemes and urban theories mingle and resonate together in complex, unpredictable and important ways which do much to shape contemporary urban landscapes. The third section of the essay explores such connections through the cases of retro-futuristic urban megaprojects in the Gulf and forests of towers recently constructed in Shanghai’s Pudong district. The essay’s final discussion draws on these cases to explore the possibilities that sci-fi imaginaries offer for contesting the rapid verticalisation of cities around the world.

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A presentation outlining some of the themes to my new book, 'Vertical: The City From Satellites to Bunkers' (Verso, 2016). "A revolutionary reimagining of the cities we live in, the air above us, and what goes on in the earth beneath our feet Today we live in a world that can no longer be read as a two-dimensional map, but must now be understood as a series of vertical strata that reach from the satellites that encircle our planet to the tunnels deep within the ground. In Vertical, Stephen Graham rewrites the city at every level: how the geography of inequality, politics, and identity is determined in terms of above and below. Starting at the edge of earth’s atmosphere and, in a series of riveting studies, descending through each layer, Graham explores the world of drones, the city from the viewpoint of an aerial bomber, the design of sidewalks and the hidden depths of underground bunkers. He asks: why was Dubai built to be seen from Google Earth? How do the super-rich in São Paulo live in their penthouses far above the street? Why do London billionaires build vast subterranean basements? And how do the technology of elevators and subversive urban explorers shape life on the surface and subsurface of the earth? Vertical will make you look at the world around you anew: this is a revolution in understanding your place in the world." See https://www.versobooks.com/books/2237-vertical

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Unerringly, across its whole history, urban science fiction has offered up imagined cities that operate about remarkably similar and highly verticalised visions. These are heavily dominated by politics of class, resistance and revolution that are starkly organized around vertically stratified and vertically exaggerated urban spaces. From the early and definitive efforts of H.G. Wells and Fritz Lang, through J.G. Ballard’s 1975 novel 'High Rise', to many cyberpunk classics, this essay – the latest in a series on the vertical dimensions of cities –reflects on how vertical imaginaries in urban science fiction intersect with the politics and contestations of the fast-verticalising cities around the world. The essay has four parts. It begins by disentangling in detail the ways in which the sci-fi visions of Wells, Lang, Ballard and various cyberpunk authors were centrally constituted through vertical structures, landscapes, metaphors and allegories. The essay’s second part then then teases out the complex linkages between verticalised sci-fi imaginaries and material cityscapes that are actually constructed, lived and experienced. Stressing the impossibility of some clean and binary opposition between ‘factual’ and ‘fictional’ cities, the essay explores how verticalised projects, material cities, sci-fi texts, imaginary futures, architectural schemes and urban theories mingle and resonate together in complex, unpredictable and important ways which do much to shape contemporary urban landscapes. The third section of the essay explores such connections through the cases of retro-futuristic urban megaprojects in the Gulf and forests of towers recently constructed in Shanghai’s Pudong district. The essay’s final discussion draws on these cases to explore the possibilities that sci-fi imaginaries offer for contesting the rapid verticalisation of cities around the world.

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Megastructures Graham

Megastructures Graham

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Entire libraries can be filled with volumes exploring the cultures, politics and geographies of the largely horizontal mobilities and transportation infrastructures that are intrinsic to urban modernity (highways, railways, subways, public transit and so on). And yet the recent ‘mobilities turn’ has almost completely neglected the cultural geographies and politics of vertical transportation within and between the buildings of vertically-structured cityscapes. Attempting to rectify this neglect, this article seeks, first, to bring elevator travel centrally into discussions about the cultural politics of urban space and, second, to connect elevator urbanism to the even more neglected worlds of elevator-based descent in ultra-deep mining. The article addresses, in turn: the historical emergence of elevator urbanism; the cultural significance of the elevator as spectacle; the global ‘race’ in elevator speed; shifts towards the ‘splintering’ of elevator experiences; experiments with new mobility systems which blend elevators and automobiles; problems of vertical abandonment; and, finally, the neglected vertical politics of elevator-based ‘ultra-deep’ mining.

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Humans, increasingly, manufacture their own air. In and around the three-dimensional aerial environments within and above urban regions, this manufacture of air reaches particular levels of intensity. For a species that expires without air in two or three minutes, this anthropogenic manufacture of air is of incalculable importance. Curiously, however, urban air remains remarkably neglected within the political–ecological literatures. Accordingly, this paper suggests a range of key themes, which a political ecology of urban air needs to address. These touch upon the links between global warming, urban heat-island effects and killer urban heatwaves; urban pollution crises; the paradoxes of urban pollution; horizontal movements of polluted air; the vertical politics of urban air; the construction of vertical condominium structures for elites; the vicious circles that characterise air-conditioned urbanism; heat-related deaths of workers building air-conditioned structures in increasingly hot climates; the growth of large-scale air-conditioned environments; and, finally, the manipulation of urban air through political violence.

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Vertical cities: Representations of urban verticality in 20th-century science fiction literature Lucy Hewitt and Stephen Graham This paper seeks to intersect two recent trends in urban research. First, it takes seriously the recognition that established traditions of research concerned with urban space have tended to privilege the horizontal extension of cities to the neglect of their vertical or volumetric extension. Second, the paper contributes to the resurgence of interest among social scientists in the validity of fiction – and especially speculative or science fiction – as a source of critical commentary and as a mode of knowledge that can exist in close reciprocity with non-fictional work. From these two starting points the paper develops a reading of the dialogue between the representations of vertical urban life that have featured in landmark works of 20th-century science fiction literature and key themes in contemporary urban analysis.

Vertical cities: Representations of urban verticality in 20th-century science...

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Water Wars in Mumbai Stephen Graham, Renu Desai, and Colin McFarlane Beyond the Pale The Mumbai Mirror, January 8, 2010. A photograph shows a line of proud Mumbai police officers standing behind row upon row of what appear at first sight to be rusted machine guns (see fig. 1). But this is not one of the arms caches regularly unearthed to demonstrate the force’s effectiveness against the myriad terrorist networks that regularly target urban sites in contemporary India. Rather, the objects are water booster pumps, confiscated in a new campaign of dawn raids targeting “water theft” by slum dwellers in the Shivaji Nagar and Govandi districts (see fig. 2 map below). “Stealing Water to Earn a Few Bucks?” the headline reads. “Pay a Hefty Price!” (Sathe 2010). The article details how the raids are being backed up by new legal moves to criminalize certain uses of water. Hundreds of people, arrested for installing and using the pumps, are to be prosecuted under draconian and nonbailable laws such as the Prevention of Damages to Public Property Act. All this activity is portrayed unproblematically as a heroic response to the threat that water theft in slums poses to the wider, formal, legitimate, and law-abiding city. “Pilferages, if not controlled,” writes the author, “could exhaust the potable water reserves before the next monsoon” (Sathe 2010). Such statements tap into a mainstream discourse according to which recent poor monsoons have led to a major “water crisis” in Mumbai, necessitating radical, emergency measures to address widespread “water theft” or “water pilferage”— especially by the urban poor. What such discourses occlude, however, are the ways that current systems of urban water provision work to systematically dehydrate and profit from urban slum communities, while water wastage by the affluent and their preferred urban facilities goes unchecked.

Water Wars in Mumbai

Water Wars in Mumbai

Water Wars in Mumbai

Entire libraries can be filled with volumes exploring the cultures, politics and geographies of the largely horizontal mobilities and transportation infrastructures that are intrinsic to urban modernity (highways, railways, subways, public transit and so on). And yet the recent ‘mobilities turn’ has almost completely neglected the cultural geographies and politics of vertical transportation within and between the buildings of vertically-structured cityscapes. Attempting to rectify this neglect, this article seeks, first, to bring elevator travel centrally into discussions about the cultural politics of urban space and, second, to connect elevator urbanism to the even more neglected worlds of elevator-based descent in ultra-deep mining. The article addresses, in turn: the historical emergence of elevator urbanism; the cultural significance of the elevator as spectacle; the global ‘race’ in elevator speed; shifts towards the ‘splintering’ of elevator experiences; experiments with new mobility systems which blend elevators and automobiles; problems of vertical abandonment; and, finally, the neglected vertical politics of elevator-based ‘ultra-deep’ mining.

Super-tall and Ultra-deep: The Cultural Politics of the Elevator

Super-tall and Ultra-deep: The Cultural Politics of the Elevator

Super-tall and Ultra-deep: The Cultural Politics of the Elevator

'Smart cities’ : Seduction, simulation, scepticism

'Smart cities’ : Seduction, simulation, scepticism

'Smart cities’ : Seduction, simulation, scepticism

Más de Stephen Graham (20)

Elite Avenues: Flyovers, Freeways and the Politics of Urban Mobility

Elite Avenues: Flyovers, Freeways and the Politics of Urban Mobility

Elite Avenues: Flyovers, Freeways and the Politics of Urban Mobility

Bunkering down the geography of elite residential basement development in london

Bunkering down the geography of elite residential basement development in london

Bunkering down the geography of elite residential basement development in london

Vertical : The city from satellites to bunkers

Vertical : The city from satellites to bunkers

Vertical : The city from satellites to bunkers

Upright: Verticality, Language and the Politics of Bodies and Cities

Upright: Verticality, Language and the Politics of Bodies and Cities

Upright: Verticality, Language and the Politics of Bodies and Cities

Smart cities: A sceptic's view

Smart cities: A sceptic's view

Smart cities: A sceptic's view

Transcending the surface graham: The New Techno-Utopian Dreams (and Realities...

Transcending the surface graham: The New Techno-Utopian Dreams (and Realities...

Transcending the surface graham: The New Techno-Utopian Dreams (and Realities...

Subterranean urban politics: Insurgency, sanctuary, exploration and tourism

Subterranean urban politics: Insurgency, sanctuary, exploration and tourism

Subterranean urban politics: Insurgency, sanctuary, exploration and tourism

Elite avenues: Flyovers, freeways and the politics of urban mobility

Elite avenues: Flyovers, freeways and the politics of urban mobility

Elite avenues: Flyovers, freeways and the politics of urban mobility

luxified skies stephen graham

luxified skies stephen graham

luxified skies stephen graham

Vertical noir: Histories of the future in urban science fiction

Vertical noir: Histories of the future in urban science fiction

Vertical noir: Histories of the future in urban science fiction

Vertical: The City From Satellites to Bunkers Stephen Graham

Vertical: The City From Satellites to Bunkers Stephen Graham

Vertical: The City From Satellites to Bunkers Stephen Graham

Vertical noir: Histories of the future in urban science fiction

Vertical noir: Histories of the future in urban science fiction

Vertical noir: Histories of the future in urban science fiction

Megastructures Graham

Megastructures Graham

Megastructures Graham

Super-tall and ultra-deep: The Politics of the Elevators

Super-tall and ultra-deep: The Politics of the Elevators

Super-tall and ultra-deep: The Politics of the Elevators

Vertical ground: making geology graham icus 2016

Vertical ground: making geology graham icus 2016

Vertical ground: making geology graham icus 2016

Life support: The political ecology of urban air

Life support: The political ecology of urban air

Life support: The political ecology of urban air

Vertical cities: Representations of urban verticality in 20th-century science...

Vertical cities: Representations of urban verticality in 20th-century science...

Vertical cities: Representations of urban verticality in 20th-century science...

Water Wars in Mumbai

Water Wars in Mumbai

Water Wars in Mumbai

Super-tall and Ultra-deep: The Cultural Politics of the Elevator

Super-tall and Ultra-deep: The Cultural Politics of the Elevator

Super-tall and Ultra-deep: The Cultural Politics of the Elevator

'Smart cities’ : Seduction, simulation, scepticism

'Smart cities’ : Seduction, simulation, scepticism

'Smart cities’ : Seduction, simulation, scepticism

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Nurturing Families, Empowering Lives: TDP's Vision for Family Welfare in Andh...

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This article aims to demonstrate that the Lula government is faced with two major challenges in its effort to promote Brazil's economic and social development. The first challenge, of an economic nature, is represented by the obstacles that exist with the spending cap policy, despite the flexibility provided by the fiscal framework and the existence of an independent Central Bank, which make the Brazilian government unable to coordinate its fiscal and monetary policies, make public investments in the expansion of the economy and obtain macroeconomic stability and, the second challenge, of a political nature, is represented by the obstacles existing in the National Congress due to the fact that it does not have a majority in parliament, which prevents the federal government from putting its national developmental project into practice and fully meet social demands. For Brazil's progressive forces to re-elect President Lula in the 2026 presidential elections and obtain a parliamentary majority in the National Congress committed to political, economic and social advances, the Lula government will have to be successful on the economic front, promoting the expansion of the economy, increasing significantly generating jobs and income, keeping inflation under control and meeting the maximum social demands that benefit, above all, the country's underserved populations. Brazil's progressive forces need to commit, starting from the 2024 municipal elections, towards to elect the maximum number of mayors and councilors committed to Brazil's political, economic and social advances. These are the conditions to prevent, in 2026, right-wing extremists from regaining the Presidency of the Republic, expanding their participation in state governments and the National Congress and putting their nefarious anti-social and anti-national project into practice.

THE OBSTACLES THAT IMPEDE THE DEVELOPMENT OF BRAZIL IN THE CONTEMPORARY ERA A...

THE OBSTACLES THAT IMPEDE THE DEVELOPMENT OF BRAZIL IN THE CONTEMPORARY ERA A...

THE OBSTACLES THAT IMPEDE THE DEVELOPMENT OF BRAZIL IN THE CONTEMPORARY ERA A...

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Stephen graham cyborg dreams: urban warfare and military technoscience

1. Cyborg Dreams Urban Warfare and US Military Techno-Science Stephen Graham Department of Geography University of Durham, UK

2. I US-Dominated Neoliberal Empire: Imaginative Geographies

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12. Scale Mismatch: Megacities vs Professional Army

13. Popular Orientalism: Unveiling Intrinsically Devious Arab Cities

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19. Popular Geopolitics Meets Voyeuristic Verticality

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22. Simulacral Participation

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28. Networked Soldier as Cyborg

29. ‘ MOUT’ Training Mini-Cities

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32. Urban Terrain Zone Mapping

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35. ‘ Urban Resolve’: Jakarta 2015

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37. New Surveillance Systems & Unmanned Vehicles

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44. Tirpak (2001): humans required only “until UCAVs establish a track record of reliability in finding the right targets and employing weapons properly”. Then “machines will be trusted to do even that”. LOCPAD (Low Cost Persistent Area Design); ‘entire kill chain executed by the munition’. (Ewing, 2005)

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