This document defines several key terms used in geology: 1) Organic materials contain carbon and are related to living organisms, while inorganic materials are related to non-living things. Minerals are naturally formed inorganic solids with a crystalline structure. 2) Elements are pure substances that cannot be broken down further, while compounds are substances made of two or more chemically bonded elements like NaCl or H2O. Crystals are solid forms of minerals produced through repeating atomic patterns. 3) The document provides examples of silicate and non-silicate minerals and discusses their composition. It also defines properties of minerals like color, luster, hardness, streak, cleavage, and fluorescence.

1. ppt. by Robin D. Seamon GEOLOGY 3

2. Organic- related to living organisms; has Carbon Inorganic- related to nonliving things Mineral - naturally formed, inorganic solid with a crystalline structure Element - pure substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances: 92 Compound - a substance made of two or more elements that are chemically joined (NaCl, H2O, CO2) Crystals - solid, geometric forms of minerals produced by repeating patterns of atoms SOME CHEMISTRY DEFINITIONS: ADVANCE

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4. http://mythwiki.pbworks.com/w/page/22002997/Periodic-Table

5. BACK INTERACTIVE Periodic TABLE

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7. Lattice Structures: LINK BACK http://www.tuspirits.com/Minerals-and-Gems-Arkansas-Quartz/c1_16/index.html www.paxcam.com/images/Crystals_75.htm fatman.cchem.berkeley.edu/xray / www.crystalinks.com/mexicocrystals.html http://images.dailytech.com/nimage/10410_iron_pyrite.png

8. 2 Kinds of Minerals: Silicate minerals: have a combination of silicon & oxygen; 90% of Earth’s crust; crystallize from molten magma Nonsilicate minerals: do not contain silicon & oxygen; instead have carbon, oxygen, flourine, sulfur, etc. http://belmont.sd62.bc.ca/teacher/geology12/mineral_id_quiz.htm http://belmont.sd62.bc.ca/teacher/geology12/mineral_id_quiz.htm

10. http://www.geo.lsa.umich.edu/gs118/minerals.html

11. Directions: Use the periodic table to write in the missing elements. Read the story! An Elemental Tale: The Gold Dust Kid The Kid mounted his trusty steed, old [B] ___________. His shooting [Fe] ____________ strapped to his side, he headed out for the bright [Ne] ____________ lights of Toronto, aiming to rob the mid-day stage. There was sure to be a load of precious [U] ______________ aboard, and probably [K] ____________, too. Inhaling a deep breath of [O] __________ he coughed on the [S] ____________ from the nearby mills. Since the [Hg] ______________ was climbing, he quenched his thirst with some H2O, tasting the [Cl] ____________ all big cities like Brockville had. As he headed north his bones ached from [Ca] _____________deposits built up over the years of riding the [Zn] ____________ trail. Overhead a [He] __________-filled balloon floated in the breeze; the sun beat down like burning [P] ____________. Soon he spotted the stage, guarded only by a sheriff with a [Sn] ____________ badge. "Halt," he yelled. "or I'll fill you full of [Pb] ____________." The sheriff drew his gun, but alas, was too slow. The Kid's gun, blazing like flaming [Mg] ______________ did the [Cu] ____________ in. Anyone who drew on the Kid should know his life wasn't worth a plugged [Ni] ______________. A [Pt] ____________ blonde riding beside the [Al] ___________-framed coach rode for her life when the Kid pulled out some [N] ____________ compounds, preparing to blow the safe to atoms. Suddenly, a shout rang out, "Hi Ho [Ag] ___________ and a masked man on a white horse raced across the [Si] ____________ sands like [Na] ______________ skittering on H2O. A [H] ___________ bomb would not have stopped the lawman; the Kid had met his doom. The rest of his life was to be spent behind [Co] ___________ steel bars, a warning to all who flirt with danger. Your first detention may be the initial step in a [C] ____________ copy life of the saga of the [Au] ____________ dust Kid. Author unknown Listen to The Elements SONG Periodic Table LAB FRONT Header:

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14. http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/geology/grocha/mineral/images/cleavage.jpg Quartz Fracture BACK

15. BACK http://csmres.jmu.edu/geollab/fichter/Minerals/luster.html

16. BACK geology.csupomona.edu/alert/mineral/streak.htm : www.championjewelery.us/

17. Mohs Hardness scale

18. Other Properties: Magnetism: magnetite & pyrrhotite attract iron Fluorescence : calcite & flourite glow under UV light Taste : halite is salty-tasting http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fluorescent_minerals_hg.jpg http://www.msnucleus.org/membership/html/k-6/rc/minerals/2/rcm2_5a.html http://www.mchenry.edu/depts/EAS/courses/eas170/minerals/pages/Magnetite.htm http://euromin.w3sites.net/mineraux/images/15864.jpg

19. Chemical reaction : calcite will become bubbly (fizz) when a drop of weak acid is on it (basalt, limestone, marble sandstone) Optical properties : a thin, clear piece of calcite placed over an image will make a double image Radioactivity : minerals containing radium or uranium

23. HEADER: Mineral Identification LAB Mineral:_________________ picture: Color Luster Hardness paperclip? Penny? Fingernail? Streak Chemical reaction Cleavage Description Property Mineral:_________________ picture: Color Luster Hardness paperclip? Penny? Fingernail? Streak Chemical reaction Cleavage Description Property Mineral:_________________ picture: Color Luster Hardness paperclip? Penny? Fingernail? Streak Chemical reaction Cleavage Description Property Mineral:_________________ picture: Color Luster Hardness paperclip? Penny? Fingernail? Streak Chemical reaction Cleavage Description Property

24. HSW VIDEO: Basics of Geology: Classifying Minerals (3 min) HSW VIDEO: Earth Science/Rocks & Minerals (17 min)

25. ROCKS: Mineral Mixtures ROCKS- a natural solid that has more than one mineral & organic matter Composition : what it’s made of Texture: how it feels, depends on the size, shape & position of the grains in the rock

26. 1 . Igneous Rocks rocks that form from melted rock HEAT a. granite b. gabbro c. obsidian d. basalt

27. 2. Sedimentary Rocks rocks that form from layers of sediment that harden TIME + PRESSURE + SEDIMENT a. clay > shale b. sand > sandstone c. gravel > conglomerate Stratification : layering of the sedimentary rock

28. 3. Metamorphic Rocks rocks that change from one kind to another TIME + HEAT + PRESSURE + ROCK a. coal > diamond b. limestone > marble c. granite > gneiss

29. d. shale > slate e. sandstone > quartzite f. slate > schist 4. COAL & Natural Gas

30. COAL & OIL FORMATION

32. Others: Flint & iron = fire www.turnstone.ca/flintch.htm http://i.ehow.com/images/a07/2g/9s/chip-flint-200X200.jpg

34. ROCK CYCLE www.geolsoc.org.uk/rockcycle

35. Textbook: Holt Science & Technology 6 th Grade ROCK CYCLE

38. Rock stacking! LINK http://www.teamsandtastic.com/RockStacking/ Rock stacking picture slide 1 source: http://www.teamsandtastic.com/RockStacking/ ROCK PICTURES SOURCE: http://www.cerritos.edu/esci/tutor/On-Line_lecture_notes/Volcanoes/Unit_11_Lecture_Magma.htm http://Geology.com http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Shale_8040.jpg itech.dickinson.edu /chemistry/?cat=99 http://www.sierraeye.net/tag/diamonds.html http://library.thinkquest.org/05aug/00461/images/slate.jpg http://www.beg.utexas.edu/mainweb/publications/graphics/schist.htm