10 Slides to Sonet

SONET The Telecom Source 10 Slide Technology Series

Introduction ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Overview ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

SONET Hierarchy STM-64 9953.280 STS-192 OC-192 STM-32 4976.640 STS-96 OC-96 STM-16 2488.320 STS-48 OC-48 STM-12 1866.240 STS-36 OC-36 STM-8 1244.160 STS-24 OC-24 STM-6 933.120 STS-18 OC-18 STM-4 622.080 STS-12 OC-12 STM-3 466.560 STS-9 OC-9 STM-1 155.520 STS-3 OC-3 - 51.840 STS-1 OC-1 SDH Equivalent Line Rate (Mbps) Electrical Level (STS) Optical Level (OC)

SONET Structure – High Level ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

SONET Structure - STS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],STS-1 Frame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Columns 1 2 3 4 5 87 88 89 90 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Rows Overhead Payload

SONET Structure - Virtual Tributaries ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

SONET Networks ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

SONET Rings ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Node 1 Node 2 Node 4 Node 3 SONET Ring

SONET Rings …cont’d ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Typical SONET Network ADM ADM TM TM D+R ADM D+R MN MN MN MN DSC DSC ADM ADM DSC TM (Terminal Multiplexer) - an end-point SONET device that converts from SONET to non-SONET format ADM (Add/Drop Multiplexer) - aggregates or splits (grooms) SONET traffic on to one of two SONET links DCS (Digital Cross-Connect) – similar to the ADM but can interconnect a large number of STS-n links MN (Matched Nodes) – used to interconnect SONET rings and provide an alternative path in case of failure D+R (Drop and Repeat Nodes) – used to send duplicate copies of signals along alternate paths

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