Feasibility study concerning sustainable concepts for 'Fort de Gagel'

1.
Feasibility study
Fort
de
Gagel,
Utrecht
Attn:
Lodewijk
le
Grand
A
study
concerning
the
sustainable
possibilities
for
forts
in
the
Netherlands,
Executed
by
Marjolijn
Bonnike,
De
Groene
Grachten
on
January
6
th
2015.

2.
2
This
report
is
intellectual
property
of
‘Stichting
De
Groene
Grachten’.
Please
do
not
spread
this
feasibility
study.

3.
3
“Sustainability is not less,
but different and especially
more fun.”
Wubbo Ockels
(1946 – 2014)

4.
4
1. Introduction
This
feasibility
study
concerns
two
forts
in
Utrecht:
‘Fort
aan
de
Klop’
and
‘Fort
de
Gagel’.
The
main
goal
is
to
extract
a
more
general
approach
for
these
special,
monumental
structures.
However,
in
this
document
we
study
Fort
de
Gagel.
This
feasibility
study
is
part
of
the
ReFoMo
project.
Refomo
stands
for
‘Reduces
Footprint
Monumental
Structures’
and
is
part
of
Climate
KIC.
Within
this
program
there
are
three
case
studies:
1.
An
old
gasfactory
in
Budapest
(Hungary),
2.
An
university
building
in
Bologna
(Italy)
and
3.
Two
fortresses
in
Utrecht
(The
Netherlands).
When
compared,
these
three
cases
could
generate
common
solutions
for
monuments
and
energy
efficiency
methods.
The
Province
of
Utrecht
asked
De
Groene
Grachten
(‘The
Green
Canals’)
to
establish
the
study
concerning
the
fortresses.
De
Groene
Grachten
is
widely
experienced
in
the
field
of
sustainable
monuments;
our
core
business
is
energy
reduction
and
–generation
in
monuments.
This
expertise
was
shared
through
our
online
‘Green
Menu’:
www.degroenemenukaart.nl.
In
the
next
paragraphs
you
find
some
more
information
about
‘De
Groene
Grachten’
and
our
approach.
Content
1. Introduction
2. De
Groene
Grachten
3. Present
situation
4. Method
&
concept
5. Potential
measures
6. Conclusion
7. Next
steps
Appendix
A
–
Photographs
Appendix
B
–
Measure
analyse
Appendix
C
–
Data
Analyse

5.
5
2. De Groene Grachten
1
De
Groene
Grachten
Wubbo
Ockels
–
also
a
citizen
of
the
Amsterdam
city
center
–
had
already
started
with
enhancing
sustainability
in
his
own
home.
It
occurred
to
him
that
there
are
lots
of
possibilities
for
monuments,
but
that
it
is
striking
to
see
that
it
is
not
widely
applied.
How
could
he
make
a
difference?
On
the
occasion
of
“400
years
of
Amsterdam
canals”
Wubbo
Ockels
started
in
2012
the
initiative
‘De
Groene
Grachten’.
Its
mission?
Realizing
a
breakthrough
in
enhancing
sustainability
for
monuments
throughout
the
Netherlands.
Now,
‘De
Groene
Grachten’
has
done
projects
for
householders,
hotels
and
company
buildings
of
100
m
2
up
to
more
than
2.500
m
2
.
With
our
sustainable
consultancy
practice
we
hope
to
help
building
owners
to
realize
their
ambition
for
a
more
sustainable
and
comfortable
building.
There
are
5
elements
that
characterize
our
approach
and
strengthen
the
quality
of
our
work:
Research
Through
working
groups
and
research
projects
with
our
partners
we
have
studied
all
sustainable
and
feasible
applications
for
monuments.
Furthermore,
we
started
an
Academy,
called
‘Ockels
Innovation
Space’,
where
youth
is
the
force
behind
the
newest
developments
within
sustainability
in
historical
buildings.
Within
Ockels
Innovation
Space
they
work
with
our
partners
on
projects
that
contribute
to
a
2
sustainable
and
a
‘future-­‐proof’
city.
This
is
how
our
knowledge
keeps
growing
and
how
we
stay
up-­‐to-­‐
date,
and
even
ahead,
of
todays
developments.
Experience
‘De
Groene
Grachten’
focuses
on
sustainability
in
historical
buildings
and
monuments.
Together
with
Stadsherstel
Amsterdam
we
renovated
monuments
sustainably.
Within
these
projects,
like
the
‘Nieuwe
Prinsengracht’
and
the
‘Prins
Hendrikkade’
in
Amsterdam,
we
applied
several
sustainable
applications
such
as
solar
panels,
heating
pumps,
draught
proofing,
window
insulation,
roof
insulation
and
heat
recovery
within
ventilation
and
shower
water.
Furthermore,
we
work
on
special
projects
like
the
realisation
of
‘one
acre
green
roofs’
on
the
roofs
of
Amsterdam
as
well
as
an
innovative
program
that
challenges
solar
PV
producers
to
come
up
with
innovative
solutions
for
monuments.
Pure
motive
‘De
Groene
Grachten’
is
an
independent
non-­‐profit
foundation.
Within
our
projects
we
use
knowledge
that
is
not
provided
by
commercial
interests,
but
only
by
true
expertise.
Furthermore
we
have
no
commercial
interest
in
the
choice
of
partner
for
execution
of
the
work.
However,
we
do
have
a
pool
of
contractors
of
whom
we
know
that
they
deliver
work
of
a
high
quality.

6.
6
3
Complete
approach
Sustainability
is
a
versatile
subject
and
techniques
develop
constantly.
Furthermore,
every
monument
demands
its
own
specific
approach.
What
are
the
wishes
from
the
owners
and/or
users?
What
are
the
possibilities
of
the
building
itself?
These
are
just
two
guidelines
that
give
us
a
direction
within
an
advice.
We
look
at
different
options
within
five
themes
(insulation,
energy,
warmth,
water
and
quick
wins)
and
the
connection
between
the
different
options.
After
an
advice
we
can
also
manage
the
execution.
By
doing
this
we
can
help
you
from
beginning
to
end
and
because
of
this
combination
we
strengthen
as
well
our
advice
as
the
execution.
Our
experience
in
the
execution
improves
our
advice,
because
we
know
how
they
work
out
in
practice.
On
the
other
hand
we
strengthen
the
execution,
because
of
the
acquired
knowledge
and
the
preliminary
work
put
in
the
advice.
Communication
Living
and
working
sustainably
is
a
story
about
the
future.
It
inspires
and
it
moves
people.
That
is
why
‘De
Groene
Grachten’
attempts
to
inspire
people.
We
show
this
at
the
Amsterdam
Solar
Boat
Parade,
an
event
with
all
kinds
of
sustainable
solutions
on
mobility,
lifestyle,
food,
energy
and
many
other
areas.
The
first
edition
in
2013
was
an
enormous
success
with
8.500
visitors
and
a
new
report
by
BBC
news.
The
second
edition
took
place
this
September
and
was
an
4
even
bigger
success
than
the
first
edition.
For
more
information
visit:
www.solarboatparade.nl
‘De
Groene
Grachten’
also
provided
a
tool
that
enables
owners
(of
monuments)
to
get
ready
for
action.
This
tool,
the
‘Green
Menu’,
was
launched
on
March
13th
2014.
People
get
informed,
while
playing,
about
over
more
than
50
sustainable
possibilities.
For
each
possibility
they
see
what
it
means
for
comfort,
how
green
they
are
and
what
the
financial
and
legal
requirements
are.
If
a
certain
sustainable
solution
draws
the
attention
of
the
user,
they
can
add
this
to
their
‘wish
list’.
In
this
way
you
can
directly
compose
your
personal
overview
of
the
possibilities
of
your
interest.
This
Green
Menu
shows
the
results
of
1,5
years
of
research
and
pilots
by
‘De
Groene
Grachten’
in
close
cooperation
with
several
partners
such
as
the
municipality
of
Amsterdam.
This
tool
is
not
only
interesting
for
owners
of
monuments,
but
also
for
everyone
who
wants
to
live
of
work
more
sustainably.
“If
it
is
possible
in
a
monument,
then
it
is
possible
everywhere”,
according
to
Wubbo
Ockels.
Visit:
www.degroenemenukaart.nl

7.
7
3. Present situation
‘Fort de Gagel
1
Fort
de
Gagels’
main
building
is
the
barrack
covered
by
a
green
wall.
This
barrack
used
to
house
soldiers
back
in
the
day.
This
building
is
accompanied
by
a
‘wachthuis’
(guardhouse),
which
was
used
for
shelter
when
the
land
was
flooded
as
protection
against
the
enemy.
Furthermore
some
small
shelters
are
present
at
the
North
side.
At
present
time
the
Fort
is
ready
for
a
big
renovation.
Offices
are
already
present,
but
will
be
accompanied
by
functions
like
a
restaurant
and
outdoor
activities.
Locations
Fort
de
Gagel
is
an
element
within
the
“Nieuwe
Hollandse
Waterline”,
which
is
a
military
defense
line
built
in
the
nineteenth
century
to
stop
the
enemy
by
flooding
the
land.
The
water
level
would
be
too
high
to
pass
on
foot
or
by
horse,
but
would
be
too
low
to
pass
with
boats.
Nowadays
the
Dutch
Waterline
has
been
assigned
new
functions
and
roles,
turning
it
into
a
green,
modern
area
with
special
historic
features.
Fort
de
Gagel
is
located
on
the
northern
ring
road
of
2
Utrecht.
It
is
the
gateway
to
the
Noorderpark,
where
there
is
more
than
7,000
hectares
of
green
area.
The
barrack
is
used
as
offices
by
the
municipality
of
Utrecht.
More
office
space
is
present,
but
because
of
renovation
plans
for
the
next
year
all
other
companies
needed
to
leave.
Building
characteristics
Fort
de
Gagel
was
built
in
the
19th
century
and
it
carries
unique
monumental
values.
The
main
building
of
this
fortress
is
the
two-­‐storied
“Kazerne”,
which
used
be
to
barracks
for
the
soldiers
and
became
an
office
building
today.
A
bombproof
square
guardhouse
was
built
next
to
the
barrack
(“Kazerne”),
the
walls
of
which
are
as
thick
as
1.5
meters.
Apart
from
that,
three
(small)
group
shelters
were
built
behind
the
barrack
before
World
War
II
to
guarantee
extra
hiding
space.
The
barrack
was
built
with
one-­‐
meter-­‐thick
masonry
walls
in
order
to
make
it
bombproof
for
the
war.
Most
of
the
surface
of
the
barrack
is
covered
with
soil
and
grass,
leaving
only
one
side
of
the
masonry
walls
exposed.
This
feature
could
not
only
provide
disguise
for
the
barracks
during
the
war,
but
also
reduces
heat
loss
through
the
building
envelope
for
the
modern-­‐day
use.
Single
glazed
windows
are
set
back
in
the
wall
with
wooden
shutters
installed
on
the
outside.
The
first
floor
of
the
barrack
is
made
of
wood
and
the
ground
floor
is
brick
masonry
covered
with
a
layer
of
cement
smear.
Some
ground
floor
spaces
have
a
basement
underneath.

8.
8
3
The
basement
space
includes
an
old
cesspool
and
an
old
drinking
water
cellar
for
the
collection
of
rainwater,
both
of
which
are
not
in
use
any
more.
The
moisture
level
in
the
barrack
could
be
high
at
times
thus
dehumidifier
is
needed
to
prevent
condensation.
Use
of
the
building
(present
and
future)
Currently
the
barrack
is
in
use
by
the
municipality
of
Utrecht
as
an
office
building.
There
are
nine
workstations
for
the
municipality
on
the
first
floor.
Various
small
companies
and
unions,
like
one
for
homing
pigeons,
used
to
held
office
in
the
compartments
on
the
ground
floor.
The
workstations
on
the
first
floor
are
used
on
a
daily
basis,
around
11
hours
every
workday.
However
the
occupancy
rate
varies
from
20%
to
100%.
The
ground
floor,
on
the
other
hand,
is
momentarily
occupied
less
frequently.
It
is
indicated
by
the
users
that
the
barrack
is
open
around
2860
hours
a
year.
The
guardhouse
is
not
in
use
at
the
moment.
However
the
ventilation
below
the
ground,
in
the
basement,
is
insufficient,
thus
mechanical
ventilation
is
of
help
to
keep
sufficient
air
exchange.
The
three
group
shelters
have
no
modern
functions
at
this
moment
and
the
entrances
are
blocked.
The
municipality
of
Utrecht
has
the
intention
to
expand
the
fort
in
order
to
make
the
area
more
sustainable
and
recreational.
New
functions
could
attract
more
tourists
to
this
area
to
appreciate
the
4
historic
features
of
the
old
fortress.
A
new
and
sustainability-­‐oriented
restaurant
of
the
same
size
of
the
barrack
will
be
built
in
the
wall
at
the
backside
of
the
building.
The
green
cover
will
be
brought
back,
so
the
appearance
will
not
change
that
much.
A
big
glass
wall
is
designed
for
the
backside
of
the
restaurant
to
create
sufficient
natural
lighting
in
the
restaurant
as
well
as
gain
some
solar
heating.
However,
the
backside
of
the
restaurant
will
be
facing
Northeast,
thus
this
design
probably
requires
a
second
consideration.
The
workstations
on
the
first
floor
in
the
barrack
will
continue
to
be
used
as
offices,
but
in
a
more
energy-­‐efficient
way.
The
ground
floor
will
mainly
be
in
service
of
he
restaurant
with
the
entrance,
a
staff
area
and
a
playroom.
The
guardhouse
will
also
have
a
supporting
role
with
meeting
spaces.
The
barrack
and
the
guardhouse
will
be
connected
with
a
glass
roof.
Wishes
of
the
entrepreneur/municipality
The
users
of
Fort
de
Gagel
have
expressed
their
ambition
to
make
this
area
more
sustainable
and
give
the
old
fort
new
functions
so
that
the
historic
features
could
be
appreciated
by
future
generations.
Fort
de
Gagel
is
expected
to
become
an
interesting
destination
for
the
public
to
visit
while
they
experience
the
legacy
of
history.
Energy
saving
is
an
important
part
of
the
sustainable
and
green
concept.
At
this
moment,
Fort
de
Gagel

9.
9
Barrack
R-­‐value
Surfaces
(m
2
)
Walls
371,35
1.021
Roof
321,78
5.125
Floor
201,83
0.896
Windows
34,46
0.512
Volume
(m
3
)
Total
1026,88
5
consumes
a
large
amount
of
energy,
especially
for
space
heating.
The
thick
walls
and
the
green
cover
keep
the
internal
temperature
relatively
constant,
around
14
degrees,
resulting
in
a
high
level
of
heating
load
and
heat
loss.
The
energy
audit
(MKB
advice)
gave
practical
suggestions
for
the
fort,
although
not
much
has
been
implemented
yet
because
of
the
renovation
plans.
The
users
also
want
to
improve
the
first
floor
of
the
Kazerne
in
order
to
make
it
more
soundproof
for
a
quiet
working
environment.
A
new
restaurant
is
planned
with
proper
insulation
and
a
sustainable
heating
system.
With
the
intention
to
serve
organic
and
healthy
food,
a
kitchen
garden
and
a
small
green
house
are
interesting
to
consider.
Given
that
the
fortress
is
built
along
the
Dutch
waterline,
it
would
also
be
interesting
to
make
good
use
of
the
water
and
surroundings.
Current
energy
use
Electricity:
16,600
kWh,
€3,900
(€0.23/kWh)
Gas:
3,900
m
3
,
€2,200
(€0.56/m
3
)
Space
heating,
water
heating
and
lighting
are
the
main
aspects
of
energy
consumption
of
Fort
de
Gagel.
Therefore
these
are
the
key
areas
of
our
study
to
explore
the
energy
saving
possibilities.
Basically,
gas
is
only
used
for
space
heating
in
the
Kazerne.
The
solutions
to
reduce
the
gas
usage
could
6
be
reducing
the
heating
demand
of
the
building
itself
by
lowering
the
heat
loss
through
the
building
envelop
as
well
as
improving
the
efficiency
of
the
heating
system.
Currently
radiators
(gas
boilers
as
source)
heat
the
building
and
water
is
heated
with
an
electric
water
boiler.
This
leaves
much
room
to
improve
the
sustainable
level
of
the
heating
system.
Lightning
can
be
more
energy
saving
with
reasonable
costs
when
choosing
for
LED
bulbs
and
smart
control.

10.
10
Energy
usage/consumption
Gas
Gas
usage
(m
3
)-­‐space
heating
3900
Total
gas
usage
(m
3
)
3900
Gas
bill
(€):
0.56/m
3
2184
CO2
emissions
(kg):
1.76
kg/m
3
gas
6864
Electricity
Electricity
usage
(kWh)-­‐
water
heating
6900
Electricity
usage
(kWh)-­‐ventilation
3900
Electricity
usage
(kWh)-­‐kitchen
450
Electricity
usage
(kWh)-­‐production
cooling
200
Electricity
usage
(kWh)-­‐lighting
4250
Electricity
usage
(kWh)-­‐office
equipment
900
Total
electricity
usage
(kWh)
16600
Electricity
bill
(€):
0.23/kWh
3818
CO2
emissions
(kg):
0.57
kg/kWh
9462
Total
CO2
emissions
(kg)
16326
Guests
per
week
-­‐
Restaurant
Year
1
Year
2
Year
3
Year
4
Year
5
Lunch
315
405
450
450
450
Dinner
315
405
428
428
428
Group
events
40
40
72
132
140
Current
energy
use
–
offices
(9
workspaces)
Restaurant
+
barrack
(ground
floor)
R-­‐value
Surfaces
(m
2
)
Walls
394.4
1.021
Roof
142.6
5.839
Floor
503.75
3.0
Windows
105.35
1.087
Volume
(m
3
)
Total
2336.4
Future
scenario
–
Restaurant
–
a
rough
estimate

11.
11
4. Method & Concept
1
The
ambition
is
to
realise
not
only
a
sustainable
plan
for
this
fort,
but
also
a
more
general
approach
as
a
blueprint
for
other
forts
within
and
far
beyond
the
Netherlands.
Besides
many
similarities,
fortresses
do
differ
a
lot.
The
functions
that
the
fortresses
host,
vary
from
a
restaurant
to
offices
and
everything
in
between.
The
entrepreneurs
and
their
business
differ,
so
this
should
be
considered
when
creating
a
generic
plan.
The
ambition
and
the
financial
possibilities
of
the
entrepreneur
are
an
essential
element
in
what
could
be
done.
That
is
why
we
set
up
a
method
that
contains
four
scenarios
for
each
fortress,
considering
the
current
situation
(scenario
D)
as
the
starting
point.
The
image
on
the
left
shows
this
concept
schematically.
The
scenarios
are
supplementary
to
each
other.
When
moving
from
scenario
D
to
scenario
A,
the
sustainable
ambition
becomes
higher
with
each
‘scenario-­‐
step’.
At
the
same
time
the
suggested
measures
tend
to
be
more
integrated
and
the
system
is
expected
to
be
more
and
more
self-­‐sufficient.
Scenario
D:
Present
situation
This
is
a
description
of
the
current
state.
For
instance,
the
fort
has
already
toilets
with
a
dual
flush,
which
saves
water.
A
summary
of
the
present
state
can
be
found
in
chapter
3.
2
Scenario
C:
first
steps
in
energy
reduction
In
2012
an
energy
audit
was
performed
by
‘MKB
advise’.
This
advice
gave
practical,
yet
very
generic
tips
to
reduce
the
energy
bill.
Examples
are
the
use
of
LED
instead
of
incandescent
lamps
and
having
one
cooling
space
instead
of
several
freezers.
These
measures
can
be
found
in
the
scheme
on
the
next
page.
Scenario
B:
a
giant
leap
forward
Scenario
B
offers
a
more
integrated
approach
in
energy
reduction
and
generation.
However,
still
taking
into
account
current
systems.
We
are
looking
to
“add-­‐ons”
that
make
a
difference.
Scenario
A:
Towards
energy
independence
This
scenario
has
the
highest
possible
ambition
within
the
field
of
currently
proven
technologies.
This
scenario
tends
to
seek
the
boundaries
of
what
is
possible
technically,
financially
and
legally/aesthetically.
How
to
cope
with
the
future
plans?
In
the
light
of
the
Refomo
project
we
focus
on
the
monumental
structures;
the
guardhouse
and
barrack.
The
restaurant
is
for
this
research
less
relevant.
However,
to
aim
for
a
practical
output,
it
is
essential
to
do
take
into
account
the
restaurant
expansion.
Furthermore,
there
will
be
more
sustainable
measures
feasible
(in
a
financial
way)
when
considering
the
future
layout
of
the
fort.
So
we
will
mention
measures
for
the
future
layout,
however
not
all
relevant
data
is
available
to
make
exact
calculations.
Therefor
the
focus
is
on
current
layout,
but
with
consideration
of
future
plans.
D.
Current
situation
C.
First
step
to
energy
reduction
B.
A
leap
forward
A.
Towards
autarky

12.
12
Column1 Column2 Column3 Column4 Column5 Column6
Themes Sub4themes A:4first4step4to4energy4reduction4(MKB4advice) B:4A4leap4foward4 4
Energy
Contract
Choose+a+green+energy+contract+(windenergy+
from+Holland,+"ecogas")
Generation4 Place+solar+panels
Place+the+maximum+amount+of+solar+panels+
possible
and
Lighting
Barrack4&4guardhouse
Place+LED+lighting+in+combination+with+motion+
or+daylight+dependent+sensors
Outside
Place+LED+lighting+in+combination+with+daylight+
dependent+sensors
Expansion:4restaurant
Place+LED+lighting+in+combination+with+motion+
or+daylight+dependent+sensors
Insulation
Barracks4&4guardhouse Barrack:+first+floor+insulation+(noise+reduction) and
Draughtproofing+(doors,+windows,+connections)
Secondary+glazing
Barrack:+insulation+of+the+ground+floor+
and
Expansion:4restaurant glass+opening+of+HR++++glass
Heating
Building4heating4
Use+radiator+foil+to+reduce+heat+loss
Insulate+hot+water+pipes
and
Barrack&(1st&floor)&&&guardhouse:+Infrared+(IR)+
heating,+Restaurant&&&ground&floor&barrack:+
biomass+stove
or
Water4heating
install+a+time+clock+on+the+electric+warm++water+
boiler
and
Place+solar+boilers,+with+buffertank
hotfill+for+the+restaurant
Ventilation
Barracks4&4guardhouse natural+ventilation and
Use+original+ventilation+holes+for+selfNregulating+
'fans'+for+inflow+combined+with+exhausting+air or
Expansion:4restaurant
A+balanced+system+with+heat+recovery
glass&roof,&entrance:+natural+ventilation
Water
Water4saving4equipment
modern+toilets+with+dual+flush,+flow+stop+for+
water+taps
Rainwater4reuse watertank+for+watering+the+green+area or
Reuse+of+rainwater+for+the+toilets+(use+the+old+
'drinkwaterbasement')
or
Water4&4education Water+playground+for+children
Green
Cultivate Kitchen+garden or
a+small+greenhouse+with+hydroponics+or+even+
aquaponics+(also+with+breeding+fish)
and
Usage
Green4purchase
Turn+off+computers+after+working+hours,+set+
time+clock+on+the+printer
and
Responsable+purchase+of+food,+devices,+etc.;
Install+one+big+cooling+device,+set+the+right+
temperature+and+defrost+the+freezer+regularly.
and
Waste
Waste++seperation+system,+reuse+of+compostaN
ble+waste+and+reuse+of+wood+for+heating
Social+impact
Smart4use/control
appoint+someone+who+is+in+charge+of+the+energy+
use
and
Place+an+energy+manager+in+the+offices,+see+
what+you+use,+create+awarenees
and

13.
13
Column6 Column7 Scenario401 Scenario402
4 C:4Towards4autonomy Choice Choice
nergy+
B B
nels+
and
Apply+solar+windows+for+the+glass+entrance+
(solar+cells+in+glass) B A
C C
daylight+
B B
motion+
B B
ections)
and Guardhouse:+insulation+of+the+ground+floor
B A
B A
ed+(IR)+
ack:+ or
Restaurant&&&barrack:+Gasabsorption+heat+
pump+with+floor+heating,+except+for+LTN+
radiators+for+1st+floor+barrack.&Guardhouse:+IR B A
B B
gulating+
ing+air or
One+balanced+system+with+heat+recovery,+using+
origninal+holes+if+possible B A
glass&roof,&entrance:+reuse+heat+from+entrance
B
p+for+
B B
he+old+
or
Reuse+of+toiletwater+with+a+helophyte+filter+(fort+
is+of+the+sewage+system) B A
B B
+even+
and
Create+a+sustainable+parking+lot+(half+
pavement/half+green+and+electric+carstations
B A
etc.;
ht+
gularly.
and
Use+biodegradable+cleaning+liquid+and+
biodegradablel+paint+for+maintenance
B B
mpostaN
g B B
see+
and
Place+energymanagers+in++restaurant+to+create+
awareness+combined+with+a+biological+menu B A

14.
14
1
Scenario
C:
First
steps
in
energy
reduction
Scenario
C
presents
series
of
simple
measures
for
Fort
de
Gagel
in
order
to
reduce
the
energy
consumption.
Most
of
the
measures
are
based
on
the
energy
audit
(“MKB
advies”).
The
energy
performance
of
the
fort
can
be
improved
in
the
following
aspects:
smart
energy
saving
tips,
energy
generation,
lighting,
insulation,
heating
and
water.
In
general
In
Scenario
C,
not
many
changes
will
happen
in
Fort
de
Gagel.
We
proposed
to
implement
smarting
saving
measures,
add
soundproof
insulation
to
the
first
floor,
replace
the
bulbs
with
LED
bulbs
and
reuse
rainwater,
etc.
This
takes
only
into
account
the
current
layout
and
not
the
future
plans.
Scale
of
the
Fort
area
Energy
It
is
possible
to
install
solar
panels
for
the
generation
of
electricity.
However
a
permit
is
required
for
the
installation
of
solar
panels
in
the
old
fort.
The
electricity
generated
by
the
solar
panels
will
probably
not
cover
the
total
demand
for
electricity.
So
the
fort
2
would
still
party
rely
on
the
electricity
from
the
grid.
Water
To
reuse
the
rainwater,
a
water
tank
could
be
installed
to
collect
the
rainwater,
which
can
be
used
to
water
the
green
area
around
the
fortress.
The
barrack
Lighting
Currently,
the
lighting
in
the
fort
mainly
depends
on
traditional
light
bulbs,
which
can
be
replaced
by
the
energy-­‐efficient
LED
bulbs.
With
careful
choices
of
the
LED
bulbs,
the
electricity
consumption
of
lighting
would
be
significantly
reduced
and
the
payback
period
would
be
very
short
(less
than
2
years).
Combined
with
motion
sensors
or
daylight
dependent
sensors
this
can
avoid
unnecessary
energy
use.
Ventilation
Natural
ventilation
through
draughts
and
windows
can
provide
sufficient
air
exchange
between
the
internal
and
external
environment
of
the
barrack.
In
this
scenario
no
other
measures
are
proposed.
Social
impact
&
smart
saving
tips
Before
starting
to
implement
any
of
the
energy
saving
measures,
it
is
necessary
to
appoint
an
“energy
manager”
who
will
be
in
charge
of
the
C.1.
4.1 Scenario C

15.
15
3
energy
use
in
Fort
de
Gagel.
The
energy
manager
is
responsible
for
raising
awareness
of
energy
saving
as
well
as
supervising
the
implementation
of
energy
saving
measures.
Sometimes
without
enough
attention
or
determination,
even
good
plans
of
energy
conservation
cannot
lead
to
satisfactory
results.
An
energy
manager
would
prevent
this
kind
of
situation
from
happening.
In
this
scenario,
also
smart
energy
saving
tips
are
introduced,
for
example;
turning
off
computers
after
working
hours
(instead
of
standby),
setting
a
time
clock
on
the
printer
for
automatically
shutting
down
as
well
as
a
time
clock
on
the
electric
water
boiler.
Insulation
There
have
been
complains
that
the
first
(wooden)
floor
could
not
provide
satisfactory
soundproof
effect
and
the
noise
from
the
ground
floor
could
be
disturbing.
Because
of
this,
a
soundproof
insulation
should
be
added
to
the
first
floor
to
minimize
the
noise
from
the
ground
floor,
providing
the
offices
on
the
first
floor
a
quiet
working
environment.
Heating
Heat
loss
appears
when
the
heat
from
the
backside
of
the
radiators
is
heating
the
cold
walls.
Adding
a
layer
of
foil
on
the
wall
at
the
backside
of
the
radiators
could
solve
this
problem,
because
it
will
reflect
the
heat
towards
the
inside
again.
4
C.2.

16.
16
1
Scenario
B:
a
leap
forward
Scenario
B
involves
a
range
of
more
complex
measures
to
achieve
big
improvements
of
energy
saving
and
sustainability
in
Fort
de
Gagel.
Suggestions
are
proposed
based
on
Scenario
C,
however
proposing
more
actions
in
many
aspects,
such
as
energy
generation,
insulation,
heating
system,
ventilation
and
water
use,
etc.
In
general
In
Scenario
B,
more
energy-­‐efficient
measures
will
be
implemented
to
bring
about
significant
effects
in
energy
consumption
reduction.
The
measures
are
not
only
proposed
for
the
existing
barrack
and
guardhouse,
but
also
takes
into
account
the
expansion
with
a
new
restaurant.
However
these
data
are
an
indicator
and
cannot
be
seen
as
exact
savings
or
costs,
because
therefore
more
data
of
the
future
plan
is
necessary.
Scale
of
the
Fort
area
Energy
In
Scenario
C,
it
is
proposed
to
use
solar
panels
to
generate
electricity
for
the
fort.
In
Scenario
B,
the
number
of
solar
panels
will
be
increased
to
the
maximum,
in
order
to
cover
as
much
as
possible
from
the
electricity
usage
in
the
fort.
A
supplementary
solution
is
to
sign
a
“green
energy
contract”
with
a
B.1.
4.2 Scenario B
2
green
energy
supplier,
which
provides
energy
generated
from
renewable
sources
such
as
wind.
Lighting
As
suggested
in
Scenario
C,
the
light
bulbs
will
be
replaced
with
LED
bulbs.
Scenario
B
will
include
the
light
bulbs
outside
the
buildings
and
the
new
restaurant,
which
means
all
the
light
bulbs
in
the
‘fort
area’
will
be
replaced
with
energy
efficient
LED
bulbs.
In
combination
with
motion
sensors
or
daylight
dependent
sensors
unnecessary
lighting
will
be
avoid.
Water
Water
saving
equipment
Water
saving
equipment
such
as
modern
toilets
with
dual
flush
and
flow
stop
for
the
water
taps
could
be
used
to
achieve
more
efficient
use
of
water
in
the
fort.
Rainwater
reuse
Apart
from
reusing
rainwater
to
water
the
green
area,
the
rainwater
could
also
be
collected
(in
the
old
drinkwater
cellar
in
the
barrack)
and
reused
for
flushing
the
toilets.
Water
&
education
Considering
that
Fort
de
Gagel
is
built
along
the
Dutch
waterline,
it
would
be
interesting
to
build
a
symbolic
water
playground
for
children,
where
the
kids
could
have
fun
while
learning
more
about
the

17.
17
3
construction
and
function
of
the
old
fort.
With
this
symbolic
water
playground,
the
fort
will
become
entertaining
as
well
as
educational
for
the
young
generations.
This
would
also
attract
more
tourists
and
create
more
business.
Green
A
small
greenhouse
can
be
combined
with
a
hydroponics
or
aquaponics
system.
The
herbs
and
vegetables
grown
in
the
small
greenhouse
whilst
the
fish
bred
in
the
aquaponics
system
could
be
served
in
the
new
restaurant.
A
closed
loop
system
is
created:
fish
are
fed
with
kitchen
waste
and
the
humus
produced
by
the
fish
will
be
used
to
cultivate
the
plants
in
the
greenhouse.
This
showcases
the
biological
and
self-­‐sufficiency
of
the
restaurant.
Usage
Responsible
purchase
of
food,
devices
and
other
equipment
stimulates
a
social
responsible
enterprise.
Due
to
toxicity
of
chemical
cleaning
agents,
we
propose
using
biodegradable
and
environmentally
friendly
cleaning
agents,
which
is
good
for
both
the
environment
and
health.
It
is
also
suggested
to
establish
a
simple
waste
separate
system
so
that
the
compostable
waste
could
be
reused
as
fertilizer
for
the
green
surroundings
and
the
plants
grown
in
the
greenhouse.
4
The
barrack
&
guardhouse
Social
impact
An
energy
monitoring
system
in
the
offices
can
help
keep
track
of
the
energy
use
and
even
provide
simple
analysis
about
the
energy
use.
One
can
see
the
exact
amount
of
energy
used
in
various
situations
and
moments.
This
can
help
to
identify
new
saving
opportunities.
Insulation
The
main
building
of
Fort
de
Gagel,
the
barrack,
has
single
glazed
windows.
Implementing
window
insulation
would
reduce
heat
loss
through
these
windows.
Although
it
is
not
permitted
to
replace
the
existing
monumental
windows
with
HR++
glass,
secondary
glazing
could
be
a
viable
option.
Secondary
glazing
can
be
achieved
by
installing
a
supplementary
glazing,
parallel
to
the
existing
single-­‐glazed
window.
The
installation
of
secondary
glazing
could
reduce
267m
3
gas
consumption
per
year,
which
is
6.4%
of
the
current
gas
use.
Draught
proofing
would
be
added
to
the
entire
buildings
envelope,
sealing
the
gaps
or
cracks
in
the
walls,
doors,
windows
and
other
connections.
In
addition,
we
suggest
implementing
floor
insulation
for
the
ground
floor
of
the
Barrack
so
that
the
thermal
performance
of
the
floor
could
be
enhanced
and
heat
loss
could
be
reduced
accordingly.
B.2.

18.
18
5
Heating
Space
heating
does
not
always
have
to
rely
on
gas.
Infrared
heating
is
an
interesting
option
to
replace
the
radiator
heating
in
the
barrack
(the
first
floor).
It
is
a
more
focused
way
of
heating,
in
comparison
with
the
existing
heating
system.
Infrared
heating
is
realized
through
infrared
panels
that
consume
electricity
and
can
heat
up
the
space
quickly
when
needed.
Ventilation
We
suggest
to
add
a
few
“self-­‐regulating
fans”
in
existing
air
holes
to
increase
the
air
exchange
between
the
internal
and
external
environment.
This
accounts
for
the
barrack
as
well
as
the
guardhouse.
Restaurant
suggestions
Insulation
A
glass
opening
is
designed
for
the
new
restaurant
that
is
going
to
be
built.
It
is
essential
to
use
HR+++
glass
for
the
opening,
especially
because
the
glass
surface
is
orientated
on
the
North
in
the
design.
Heating
Biomass
stove
heating
system
could
be
a
good
choice
for
the
new
restaurant
and
the
ground
floor
of
the
barrack,
considering
the
ground
floor
of
the
barrack
would
be
part
of
the
restaurant
in
the
future.
Biomass
stove
uses
wood
pellets
as
energy
source,
6
which
means
it
consumes
sustainable
energy.
The
CO2
footprint
of
wood
pellet
is
much
lower
than
traditional
energy
source
such
as
gas
and
electricity.
Biomass
stove
will
deliver
heat
to
a
floor
heating
system.
In
addition
solar
boilers
will
heat
warm
water.
A
HR-­‐boiler
will
be
combined
for
peak
moments
and
to
raise
the
warm
water
temperature
to
prevent
legionella
risk.
It
is
suggested
to
connect
the
dish
washing
machine
in
the
restaurant
to
a
hot
fill
device
so
that
the
water
can
be
heated
in
a
more
efficient
way.
Ventilation
The
new
restaurant
will
be
built
with
good
insulation,
which
would
reduce
air
exchange
through
the
building
envelope.
Simply
depending
on
the
natural
ventilation
of
the
buildings
could
cause
insufficient
ventilation.
A
balanced
ventilation
system
can
distribute
fresh
air
to
the
inner
space
and
exhaust
stale
air
out
to
insure
stable
and
enough
air
exchange.
With
the
heat
recovery
system,
the
energy
in
the
stale,
warm
inside
air
can
be
recovered
and
used
to
pre-­‐heat
the
fresh,
cool
outside
air
that
is
vented
in.
So
the
balanced
heat
recovery
ventilation
system
could
not
only
improve
the
indoor
air
quality
and
comfort,
but
also
use
energy
more
efficiently.

19.
19
1
Scenario
A:
Towards
energy
independence
Scenario
A
aims
to
create
an
energy
independent
future
for
Fort
de
Gagel.
On
the
basis
of
Scenario
C
and
Scenario
B,
energy-­‐
efficient
actions
could
have
been
implemented
and
the
target
of
energy
saving
could
be
achieved.
This
scenario
requires
deeper
commitment
to
become
self-­‐
sustainable
and
energy
independent.
In
general
In
Scenario
A,
the
focus
is
on
clean
energy
generation
and
highly
efficient
energy
use
in
combination
of
the
green
surrounding,
making
Fort
de
Gagel
an
integral,
sustainable
system.
Furthermore
is
there
an
integral
plan
for
the
barrack
and
the
restaurant.
These
cannot
be
seen
apart
anymore.
Scale
of
the
Fort
area
Green
A
sustainable
parking
lot
will
be
created
in
the
green
surroundings.
The
parking
lot
can
be
constructed
with
green
tiles
and
parking
space
for
electric
cars.
In
addition
solar
carports
can
generate
electricity,
making
it
a
green
fuel
supply
station!
A
green
menu
can
be
served
in
the
restaurant
by
using
4.3 Scenario A
A.1.
2
ingredients
from
the
own
greenhouse
or
purchasing
it
at
biological
farms.
Water
A
helophyte
filter
would
be
an
interesting
option
for
sewage
clarification,
as
it
is
a
completely
natural
system.
The
helophyte
filter
can
clean
the
water
with
certain
types
of
plants
and
bacteria
that
grow
in
the
filter.
The
quality
of
the
treated
water
could
become
harmless
to
the
environment
and
could
be
reused
for
flushing
toilets
and
watering
plants.
Usage
In
addition
to
Scenario
C
and
Scenario
B,
we
suggest
using
sustainable
biological
paint
instead
of
harmful
chemical
materials
when
renovation
or
repair
is
required.
The
using
of
chemical
cleaning
agent
or
paint
could
pose
a
threat
to
the
helophyte
filter
as
the
oxidizing
or
corrosive
chemicals
could
enter
the
sewage
and
flow
into
the
filter,
killing
the
bacteria
living
in
the
helophyte
filter
which
leads
to
the
malfunction
of
the
clarification
system.
The
guardhouse,
barrack
&
restaurant
Ventilation
The
balanced
system
with
heat
recovery
for
the
restaurant
in
scenario
B
will
be
expanded
to
the
whole
barrack/restaurant
building.
The
guardhouse
will
keep
its
own
system
with
self-­‐regulating
fans
and
exhaust
air,
also
combined
with
heat
recovery.

20.
20
A.2.
3
Another
benefit
of
the
balanced
ventilation
system
combined
with
heat
recovery
is
that
it
can
reduce
the
moisture
level
of
internal
air,
thereby
improving
the
indoor
comfort
and
solve
the
damp
problem
for
the
users.
The
air
underneath
the
glass
entrance
roof
will
become
warm,
like
in
a
greenhouse.
By
extracting
this
air
in
combination
with
heat
recovery,
this
heat
can
be
re-­‐used
in
for
instance
the
restaurant
or
offices.
The
heat
can
be
tempered
by
making
window
openings
in
the
roof
and
by
placing
screens
on
the
glass
roof.
Heating
The
guardhouse
will
remain
heated
by
infrared
panels,
because
of
the
attention
on
moist
and
the
temporarily
use.
Furthermore
it
only
needs
electricity,
which
is
an
advantage
in
the
guardhouse
where
no
current
system
is
present.
This
makes
infrared
heating
cost
and
energy
efficient
in
the
guardhouse.
The
barrack
in
combination
with
the
restaurant
will
have
one
system;
floor
heating
with
a
gas
absorption
heat
pump
(GAHP).
This
heat
pump
in
combination
with
low
temperature
floor
heating
is
a
highly
efficient
heating
system.
It
is
fired
by
gas,
however
making
use
of
renewable
energy
source
such
as
in
this
case,
air.
The
heating
efficiency
of
a
GAHP
system
is
high.
The
temperature
of
floor
heating
is
lower
than
traditional
radiators,
which
makes
it
also
more
energy
efficient.
Therefore
it
can
significantly
4
reduce
the
energy
consumption
for
heating.
According
to
our
calculation,
the
GAHP
system
could
reduce
31.2%
of
the
heating
energy
use
annually.
The
first
floor
of
the
barrack
(the
offices)
will
have
Low
Temperature
radiators.
Warm
water
will
be
produced
by
the
heat
pump
in
combination
with
solar
boilers.
A
HR-­‐boiler
will
be
combined
for
peak
moments
and
to
raise
the
warm
water
temperature
for
legionella
risk.
Insulation
When
the
guardhouse
will
be
frequently
in
use,
we
suggest
floor
insulation
on
the
ground
floor
of
the
guardhouse
so
that
the
thermal
performance
of
the
floor
could
be
enhanced.
Energy
A
glass
entrance
is
planned
between
the
barrack
and
guardhouse.
Depending
on
the
solar
radiation
and
shadowing
effect,
‘Solar
window’
could
be
a
good
e
choice.
A
solar
window
contains
solar
cells
in
the
see-­‐
through
glass,
which
can
make
use
of
the
natural
sunlight
to
generate
electricity.
This
is
again,
a
fantastic
demonstration
for
the
fortress
to
show
their
sustainable
ambition
together
with
actions
to
become
self-­‐sustainable.
Social
impact
We
suggest
an
energy
monitoring
system
in
the
restaurant
to
create
awareness
of
energy
use
as
well
as
discover
further
energy
saving
opportunities.

21.
21
5. Potential measures
1
The
different
scenarios
are
an
addition
to
each
other
in
many
ways.
The
first
step
to
a
more
sustainable
fortress
(scenario
C)
is
the
energy
audit
done
by
‘MKB
advies’.
The
proposed
measures
are
explained
in
this
document,
so
we
will
focus
on
scenario
B
and
A.
On
the
next
pages
we
will
discuss
the
sustainable
options
within
the
different
themes
(energy,
lightning,
insulation,
heating,
ventilation,
water,
green,
usage
&
social
impact)
for
the
three
scenarios.
Fort
de
Gagel
–
scenario’s
5.1.
Energy
5.1.B.
Scenario
B
5.2.
Lightning
5.2.B.
Scenario
B
5.3.
Insulation
5.3.B.
Scenario
B/A
2
5.4.
Heating
5.4.B.
Scenario
B
5.4.A.
Scenario
A
5.5.
Ventilation
5.5.B.
Scenario
B
5.5.A.
Scenario
A
5.6.
Water
5.6.B.
Scenario
B
5.6.A.
Scenario
A
5.7.
Green
5.7.C.
Scenario
C
5.7.B.
Scenario
B
5.7.A.
Scenario
A
5.8.
Usage
&
social
impact
5.8.B.
Scenario
B
5.8.A.
Scenario
A

22.
22
5.1. Energy
1
Here
we
give
a
short
introduction
on
the
proposed
scenarios
within
the
energy
theme.
On
the
next
pages
the
measures
will
be
explained
one
by
one.
Scenario
C
The
‘MKB
advies’
proposes
to
place
solar
panels
for
generation
of
electricity.
However,
they
do
not
find
it
feasible
on
the
barrack,
because
this
has
a
North
orientation.
2
Scenario
B
In
contradiction
to
the
‘MKB
advies’
we
do
see
possibilities
for
solar
panels.
The
expansion
of
the
restaurant
has
as
side
effect
that
the
green
wall
will
be
removed
and
placed
back.
This
forms
an
opportunity
to
shape
the
wall
with
a
flat
‘terrace’
on
the
top
for
placing
solar
panels.
A
large
tree
is
situated
at
the
Northwest
side
of
the
guardhouse.
This
tree
will
block
the
sun
in
the
afternoon,
so
we
will
not
recommend
solar
panels
on
the
guardhouse.
Additionally
a
green
energy
contract
can
cover
the
remaining
energy
demand.
3
Scenario
A
In
the
future
design
a
glass
entrance
is
planned
between
the
barrack
and
guardhouse.
If
the
glass
roof
is
not
in
the
shadow,
one
can
integrate
solar
cells
in
the
glass.
Furthermore
we
evaluated
the
possibility
of
generating
electricity
by
wind
turbines.
However,
the
mid-­‐size
wind
turbines
of
15
meters
high,
appeared
to
be
less
cost
effective
than
solar
panels.
You
can
find
more
information
in
Appendix
B.
Themes Sub)themes A:)first)step)to)energy)reduction)(MKB)advice) B:)A)leap)foward) ) C:)Towards)autonomy Choice
Energy
Contract
Choose+a+green+energy+contract+(windenergy+
from+Holland,+"ecogas") B
Generation) Place+solar+panels
Place+the+maximum+amount+of+solar+panels+
possible
and
Apply+solar+windows+for+the+glass+entrance+
(solar+cells+in+glass) B

23.
23
5.1.B Energy
5.1.B.
Green
energy
contract
The
most
sustainable
energy
companies
of
2014
are
listed
by
a
cooperation
of
7
partners,
including
‘de
Consumentenbond’,
WNF
and
CE
Delft.
These
energy
companies
provide
green
energy
to
their
clients
and
invest
in
the
development
of
green
energy.
The
top
of
the
list
is
as
following:
1.
Windunie,
2.
Raedthuys,
3.
HVC
Energie,
4.
Eneco,
5.
DONG
Energie,
6.
Greenchoice
and
7.
MKB
energiebeheer.
The
last
is
one
is
a
specialist
in
collective
procurement
for
corporate
contract,
that
is
why
they
can
guarantee
low
rates
for
green
energy.
1
Green
energy
for
Fort
de
Gagel
Current
energy
provider
is
unknown
for
us.
Additionally
the
energy
use
shall
increase
if
the
future
plans
are
realized.
So
current
situation
will
not
give
a
correct
image
of
the
energy
use.
However,
it
is
likely
to
assume
that
the
energy
contract
can
be
greener.
Depending
on
the
end
date
of
the
current
contract,
it
could
be
possible
to
switch
from
energy
provider.
This
could
not
only
result
in
a
greener
energy
contract,
but
also
in
more
beneficial
energy
rates.
We
have
good
experiences
with
‘MKB
Energiebeheer’,
who
are
specialists
in
collective
procurement.
That
is
why
they
can
arrange
lower
rates,
than
you
could
on
your
own.
Furthermore
they
assure
the
lowest
rates
every
year.
Once
your
contract
is
up
for
renewal,
they
will
make
you
a
new
offer.
Your
contract
can
therefore
not
be
silently
2
extended
by
a
year
one
the
same
or
higher
rates.
Price
Unknown,
depends
on
current
energy
contract
and
energy
use.
Finance
and
regulations
Not
applicable

24.
24
5.1.B Energy
1
5.1.B/A.
Solar
panels
Solar
panels
can
be
placed
on
flat
roofs
and
roofs
with
a
slope
that
are
mainly
free
of
shadow.
The
best
orientation
is
between
Southwest
and
Southeast
with
a
slope
of
30
to
40
degrees.
For
monuments
there
are
rules
that
could
limit
the
possibilities,
for
instance
that
solar
panels
should
not
be
visible
from
public
space.
The
‘MKB
advies’
did
not
see
possibilities
for
solar
panels
on
Fort
de
Gagel.
But
when
considering
the
expansion
with
the
restaurant
and
the
accompanying
re-­‐
shaping
of
the
green
wall,
this
creates
possibilities
for
a
‘solar
wall’.
2
Solar
panels
for
Fort
de
Gagel
The
barrack
has
a
green
wall
with
a
slope
towards
the
North
side.
This
is
not
a
favourable
position
for
solar
panels.
But
if
the
restaurant
is
realized
in
this
green
wall,
the
wall
will
be
re-­‐shaped.
In
the
design
it
is
already
visible
that
the
top
of
the
wall
will
be
flattened.
This
can
become
a
‘solar
terrace’,
with
around
75
solar
panels.
These
solar
panels
can
generate
up
to
9.800
kWh
a
year.
With
current
energy
rates,
this
is
€2.270
a
year.
We
need
to
underline
that
when
the
electricity
rate
will
become
lower
with
a
more
beneficial
contract,
the
savings
in
euros
will
also
become
lower.
This
has
an
effect
on
the
return
of
investment
period,
which
becomes
more
extended..
Investment
75
panels:
€20.000;
return
of
investment:
±9
years
(incl.
permit)
3
Finance
and
regulations
Permit
costs:
€775
At
the
moment
VAT
can
be
returned.
Additionally
there
are
financial
benefits
if
a
company
makes
profit.
This
states
that
41,5%
of
the
investment
in
solar
panels
can
be
lowered
on
the
taxable
profit.
This
means
that
you
can
pay
less
tax
on
your
profit,
which
makes
the
solar
panels
indirectly
cheaper.
Currently
this
is
not
taking
into
account
when
calculating
the
return
of
investment.
-­‐
Extra
suggestion
-­‐
A
glass
entrance
is
planned
between
the
barrack
and
guardhouse
in
the
future
design.
If
the
glass
roof
is
not
in
the
shadow
of
the
buildings
or
trees,
solar
cells
could
be
integrated
in
the
glass.
This
is
called
‘solar
windows’.
Specific
details
are
unknown,
so
we
only
give
this
as
a
tip.

25.
25
5.2. Lighting
1
Here
we
give
a
short
introduction
on
the
proposed
scenarios
within
the
lighting
theme.
Scenario
C
The
‘MKB
advies’
proposes
to
place
LED
lightning,
where
no
LED
is
already
present
in
combination
with
motion
or
daylight
dependent
sensors
in
places
where
this
is
convenient,
like
in
toilets.
However,
when
replacing
light
for
LED,
you
are
producing
2
light
much
more
efficient,
which
make
motion
sensors
less
effective
and
relative
expensive,
because
the
return
of
investment
will
be
enlarged.
Scenario
B
Scenario
B
is
an
addition
to
scenario
C,
which
suggests
replacing
the
light
bulbs
in
outside
lighting
for
LED.
Here
we
do
suggest
daylight
dependable
sensors,
because
you
do
not
have
to
switch
the
lights
on
and
off,
because
they
will
switch
on
automatically
3
depending
on
the
light
intensity.
Besides
that
this
is
energy
saving,
it
is
comfortable.
Furthermore
we
suggest
LED
for
the
restaurant
in
combination
with
daylight
dependable
sensors
in
the
restaurant
and
motion
sensors
in
toilets
and
storage
rooms.
We
aspect
sensors
to
be
beneficial,
because
of
the
occupation
rate.
We
do
not
know
the
quantity
of
lighting
in
the
planned
restaurant,
so
we
cannot
give
an
estimation
of
investment,
savings,
etc.
Themes Sub)themes A:)first)step)to)energy)reduction)(MKB)advice) B:)A)leap)foward) ) C:)Towards)autonomy Choice
Lighting
Barrack)&)guardhouse
Place,LED,lighting,in,combination,with,motion,
or,daylight,dependent,sensors C
Outside
Place,LED,lighting,in,combination,with,daylight,
dependent,sensors B
Expansion:)restaurant
Place,LED,lighting,in,combination,with,motion,
or,daylight,dependent,sensors
B

26.
26
5.2.B Lighting
1
5.1.B.
LED
lighting
Energy
saving
begins
with
lighting,
because
it
is
a
very
easy
and
effective
way.
Lighting
causes
15%
of
all
energy
used
in
a
household.
By
replacing
halogen
and
incandescent
lighting
for
LED
you
can
save
a
lot.
Furthermore,
LED
is
there
in
all
kinds
of
light
colours
and
not
only
in
white
and
too
bright
light.
LED
is
there
for
all
types
of
lamps,
they
can
be
dimmable
and
they
do
not
have
a
starting
time
like
energy
saving
light
bulbs.
And
with
more
lighting
hours,
the
LED
will
have
a
shorter
payback
time.
On
the
other
hand
their
lifespan
will
decrease.
2
LED
for
Fort
de
Gagel
The
buildings
of
Fort
de
Gagel,
the
barrack
and
guardhouse,
can
be
relatively
dark
inside
with
the
setback,
relatively
small
windows.
So
lighting
will
be
on
very
often,
when
the
buildings
are
in
use.
LED
is
very
suitable
for
high
lighting
hours,
given
its
long
lifespan
(in
lighting
hours).
Also,
due
to
its
high
savings,
it’s
a
very
cost-­‐effective
measure.
By
replacing
6
energy
saving
lights
(10W)
in
the
workstations
and
10
halogen
light
bulbs
(80W)
in
the
corridors
in
Fort
de
Gagel
for
LED
of
5W
to
6W
we
can
save
up
to
3,750
kWh,
if
we
calculate
with
11
lighting
hours
per
day
for
260
days
a
year.
This
is
almost
23%
of
the
current
energy
use.
This
saves
around
€860
per
year.
If
you
also
replace
the
6
lights
outside
for
LED
this
can
save
another
€130
(580
kWh).
We
suggest
placing
daylight
dependent
sensors
with
the
3
outside
lighting
for
energy
saving
as
well
as
comfort.
Comfort
because
no
one
has
to
manage
the
lightings
anymore.
The
restaurant
will
have
a
high
occupation
rate,
so
LED
will
be
very
beneficial
and
will
save
a
substantial
amount
of
energy.
Sensors
can
be
placed
to
make
the
lighting
easier
to
control.
Investment
Replacing
all
the
lighting
for
LED
costs
up
to
€1,620
(excl.
VAT).
In
total
savings
are
almost
€1,ooo
and
4,330
kWh
per
year.
The
return
of
investment
period
will
be
less
than
two
year.
Finance
and
regulations
Not
applicable.
However,
there
is
a
financial
regulation,
the
‘EIA’,
which
makes
it
possible
to
deduct
41,5%
of
the
investment
in
LED
from
your
taxable
profit.

27.
27
5.3. Insulation
1
Here
we
give
a
short
introduction
on
the
proposed
scenarios
within
the
Insulation
theme.
Scenario
C
The
‘MKB
advies’
proposes
to
insulate
the
first
floor
of
the
barrack
for
purposes
of
noise
reduction.
Scenario
B
For
the
barrack
and
guardhouse
we
propose
placing
secondary
glazing.
Replacing
the
current
glass
for
double
glass
is
not
allowed,
2
so
the
best
option
is
placing
secondary
glazing
(‘achterzetramen’),
because
you
preserve
the
historic
windows
by
adding
a
second
frame.
Additionally
we
propose
draught
proofing,
for
instance
around
connections
between
frame
and
wall.
For
specifically
the
barrack
we
propose
insulation
of
the
ground
floor.
All
these
measures
are
proposed
on
the
assumption
that
the
guardhouse
and
the
ground
floor
of
the
barrack
will
be
regularly
in
use
in
the
near
future.
If
a
space
is
not
in
use,
it
is
financially
less
interesting
to
invest
in
3
sustainable
measures.
A
large
glass
opening
is
planned
at
the
North
side
of
the
restaurant.
This
is
a
cold
side,
so
it
is
important
to
place
HR+++
glass
to
realize
a
low
heat
exchange.
Scenario
A
If
the
guardhouse
ground
floor
is
used
as
a
conference/meeting
space,
we
suggest
insulating
the
ground
floor,
so
the
cold
from
the
cellar
has
less
effect
on
the
climate.
Themes Sub)themes A:)first)step)to)energy)reduction)(MKB)advice) B:)A)leap)foward) ) C:)Towards)autonomy Choice
Insulation
Barracks)&)guardhouse Barrack:/first/floor/insulation/(noise/reduction) and
Draughtproofing/(doors,/windows,/connections)
Secondary/glazing
Barrack:/insulation/of/the/ground/floor/
and Guardhouse:/insulation/of/the/ground/floor
B
Expansion:)restaurant glass/opening/of/HR+++/glass
B

28.
28
5.3.B/A Insulation
1
5.3.B/A.
Window
insulation,
draught
proofing,
ground
floor
insulation
&
solar
windows
Calculations
on
the
thermal
resistance
of
the
barrack
pointed
out
that
the
outer
shell
creates
a
stable
inner
climate
with
its
thick
walls
and
green
roof.
The
windows,
draughts
and
ground
floor
form
the
weakest
points
in
the
building
envelope.
So
scenario
B
will
focus
on
the
above,
also
including
secondary
glazing
and
draught
proofing
of
the
guardhouse.
Scenario
A
is
an
addition
on
scenario
B
with
ground
floor
insulation
of
the
guardhouse
and
solar
windows
for
the
glass
entrance.
2
Secondary
glazing
for
Fort
de
Gagel
The
windows
are
monumental
single
glazed
windows
with
a
wooden
(barrack)
or
steal
(guardhouse)
frame.
The
thermal
resistance
(the
R-­‐value)
of
the
current
windows
is
0.512.
If
you
place
secondary
glazing
this
becomes
1.087
m2K/W.
When
the
R-­‐value
becomes
higher,
the
thermal
resistance
increases.
This
means
that
less
heat
is
leaving
the
building
through
the
windows.
If
we
calculate
the
new
thermal
resistance
with
secondary
glazing,
savings
can
be
up
to
€200
per
year
(with
current
rates).
Decent
secondary
glazing
that
fits
in
nicely
in
a
monumental
building,
is
quite
expensive.
For
47
windows
of
barrack
and
guardhouse,
the
cost
are
assumed
to
be
around
€20,000
(excl.
VAT).
So
if
the
aim
for
a
more
sustainable
building
is
based
on
economic
motives,
then
this
is
perhaps
not
advisedly.
3
But
when
comfort
and
energy
savings
is
the
motive,
it
can
be
considered.
Draught
proofing
for
Fort
de
Gagel
Draught
proofing
is
considered
a
quick
win.
Most
easy
is
to
place
brush
strips
at
the
down
side
of
doors.
In
addition
aluminium
draught
strips
can
be
placed
on
the
long
(closing)
side
of
the
door.
Furthermore,
other
draughts
around
a
hatch
or
lead-­‐
through
of
pipes
can
be
sealed
by
a
handyman,
saving
up
to
€60
per
year.
Ground
floor
insulation
(barrack)
The
floor
is
made
of
masonry
with
in
most
spaces
a
finish
of
plaster.
Ground
floor
insulation
can
save
a
lot
(if
the
space
is
used
on
a
regular
base).
However,
if
insulation
underneath
the
floor
is
not
possible,
insulation
needs
to
be
placed
on
top
of
the
Secondary
glazing
of
Isoglas

29.
29
4
floor.
This
often
demands
adjustments
on
doors,
stairs,
skirting,
etc.
This
makes
it
more
expensive.
Calculated
is
that,
with
a
surface
of
300
m
2
ground
floor,
the
savings
could
be
around
€790
per
year.
The
costs
are
estimated
on
circa
€15,000.
Including
permit
costs,
this
makes
a
return
of
investment
around
20
years.
HR+++
glass
for
restaurant
We
advice
placing
HR+++
glass
in
the
large
window
opening
of
the
restaurant.
This
window
opening
is
designed
with
a
surface
of
72
m
2
and
orientated
on
the
North.
Such
a
large
glass
opening
on
a
North
side
is
not
advisable.
However,
if
this
will
be
executed
make
sure
that
the
window
is
made
of
HR+++
glass.
In
comparison
to
double
glass
for
this
surface,
this
can
save
up
to
€480
per
year.
5
Ground
floor
insulation
(guardhouse)
The
ground
floor
of
the
guardhouse
can
be
insulated
from
underneath,
at
the
ceiling
of
the
cellar.
Insulation
underneath
the
floor
has
a
(little
bit)
higher
thermal
resistance
and
is
less
expensive,
because
less
alteration
is
necessary.
Per
m
2
this
costs
on
average
€37,50,
in
contradiction
to
insulation
on
top
of
the
floor,
which
costs
on
average
€50/m
2
.
For
the
guardhouse
this
will
be
an
investment
of
€6,300
and
possible
savings
of
€530
(if
regularly
in
use).
Investment
Secondary
glazing
for
47
windows
costs
around
the
€20,000
excluding
VAT.
Draught
proofing
of
doors
and
other
connections
is
around
€1,850
(excl.
VAT)
based
on
the
ground
surface
and
the
number
of
doors
of
barrack
and
guardhouse.
6
The
insulation
of
the
ground
floor
of
the
barrack
costs
around
€15,000.
For
the
guardhouse
this
will
be
around
€6,300.
Eventually
we
propose
HR+++
glass
for
the
glass
opening
of
the
restaurant.
On
the
information
available
we
estimate
these
costs
on
€14,000
to
€16,000.
However,
this
depends
on
the
detailed
design
(surface,
construction,
frame)
and
can
eventually
be
different.
Finance
and
regulations
A
permit
is
necessary
for
the
different
measures.
There
is
a
financial
regulation,
the
‘EIA’,
which
makes
it
possible
to
deduct
€20/m
2
floor
insulation
(if
the
R-­‐value
increases
with
at
least
1,50)
of
the
investment
from
your
taxable
profit.
Floor
insulation

30.
30
5.4. Heating
1
Here
we
give
a
short
introduction
on
the
proposed
scenarios
within
the
Heating
theme.
On
the
next
pages
the
measures
will
be
explained.
Scenario
C
The
‘MKB
advies’
proposes
smart
and
quick
wins
on
the
heating
costs,
like
setting
a
timer
on
the
electric
boiler,
placing
radiator
foil
and
insulating
hot
water
pipes.
These
measures
can
save
up
to
€90.
And
this
only
costs
€200,
so
financially
this
is
interesting.
2
Scenario
B
For
the
offices
in
the
current
situation
we
propose
infrared
heating,
because
this
is
very
comfortable
type
of
heating.
Lastly,
it
is
energy
efficient
because
of
the
focused
way
of
heating.
If
the
guardhouse
is
renovated
and
will
be
used
as
conference/meeting
spaces,
we
would
also
recommend
infrared
heating.
Because
this
function
will
not
occupy
the
space
every
hour
of
he
day
and
infrared
is
a
flexible
way
of
heating.
If
we
look
at
the
designs
for
the
restaurant,
we
propose
a
biomass
stove.
This
fits
the
fort,
3
because
it
is
situated
in
nature
and
was
originally
heated
by
small
wood
stoves.
Solar
boilers
can
cover
the
warm
water
demand.
Furthermore
a
hotfill
could
be
installed
to
the
dishwasher;
this
produces
warm
water
more
efficiently
then
the
dishwasher.
Scenario
A
The
guardhouse
remains
on
infrared
heating.
But
the
restaurant
and
barrack
will
be
heated
by
one
integral,
system;
gas
absorption
heat
pump
with
floor
heating.
Themes Sub)themes A:)first)step)to)energy)reduction)(MKB)advice) B:)A)leap)foward) ) C:)Towards)autonomy Choice
Heating
Building)heating)
Use*radiator*foil*to*reduce*heat*loss
Insulate*hot*water*pipes
and
Barrack&(1st&floor)&&&guardhouse:*Infrared*(IR)*
heating,*Restaurant&&&ground&floor&barrack:*
biomass*stove
or
Restaurant&&&barrack:*Gasabsorption*heat*
pump*with*floor*heating,*except*for*LTB*
radiators*for*1st*floor*barrack.&Guardhouse:*IR B
Water)heating
install*a*time*clock*on*the*electric*warm**water*
boiler
and
Place*solar*boilers,*with*buffertank
hotfill*for*the*restaurant B

31.
31
5.4.B Heating
1
5.4.B.
Heating
The
majority
of
the
gas
usage
is
due
to
heating
of
the
buildings
and
warm
water.
Cooking
on
a
gas
stove
is
just
a
little
part
of
the
total
gas
bill.
In
scenario
B
we
look
at
sustainable
measures
that
can
be
an
addition
to
the
current
way
of
heating.
Without
making
big
changes
in
the
current
situation,
we
establish
savings
as
well
as
more
comfort.
The
group
accommodations
and
Guardhouse
have
a
separate
system.
We
maintain
this
and
propose
suitable
measures
for
as
well
the
guardhouse
as
the
group
accommodations,
based
on
their
usage.
2
Infrared
heating
–
Barrack
&
guardhouse
The
barrack
needs
heating
from
September
until
April.
Heating
will
be
more
permanently
needed
from
November
until
February.
During
autumn
and
fall
heating
will
be
needed,
but
more
occasionally
then
in
winter.
From
Monday
until
Thursday
most
working
stations
will
be
occupied.
However,
on
Friday
on
average
just
one
person
is
present.
The
layout
of
the
office
is
extremely
suitable
for
focused
heating.
In
other
words
not
the
whole
office
needs
to
be
heated
if
not
all
colleagues
are
there.
Only
the
working
stations
where
people
are
present
can
be
heated.
When
heating
locally,
the
heating
device
does
have
to
be
able
to
quickly
anticipate
on
fluctuations
in
present
colleagues.
Infrared
panels
meet
this
condition.
These
panels
(quite
similar
in
aesthetics
to
the
acoustic
panels)
create
3
warmth
efficiently
and
in
a
very
comfortable
way.
Infrared
panels
do
not
heat
the
air,
but
rather
heat
the
present
objects:
the
people,
tables
etc.
The
infrared
panels
heat
up
in
10
minutes,
so
warmth
is
quickly
produced.
They
can
be
combined
with
a
smart
control
system
and
motion
sensors.
This
way,
one
does
not
have
to
control
the
‘on/off’
switch
of
the
panels
from
an
app
or
screen.
Everything
can
be
run
automatically
based
on
motion
in
the
room.
Also,
infrared
works
well
in
moist
conditions.
They
are
expected
to
have
a
positive
effect
on
the
climate
of
forts.
So
even
in
the
guardhouse
they
will
be
suitable,
especially
when
the
guardhouse
has
a
flexible
function.
Furthermore
they
do
not
need
difficult
infrastructure
to
function,
only
a
power
point.
Based
on
available
data,
like
user
number
and
the
‘heating
hours’
throughout
the
year,

32.
32
4
we
estimate
that
infrared
panels
in
the
barrack
can
save
around
€325
per
year.
This
is
based
on
occupancy
of
in
general
9
people
for
10
hours
per
day
during
the
week,
except
for
Friday
when
just
one
person
is
present
for
9
hours.
Additionally
we
calculated
with
a
certain
heating
demand
during
8
months
per
year.
If
the
ground
floor
of
the
guardhouse
is
heated
by
a
gas
boiler
we
expect
a
gas
use
of
around
1500
m
3
per
year.
If
you
install
infrared
you
save
this
amount
of
gas,
but
you
need
more
electricity.
Eventually
this
can
result
in
a
saving
of
around
€260.
An
important
note
is
that
the
expected
energy
savings
are
based
on
a
right
use:
focused
way
and
not
non-­‐stop.
To
ensure
the
right
use
we
included
motion
sensors
and
the
smart
control
option
in
the
investment
cost.
5
Biomass
stove
-­‐
restaurant
A
biomass
stove
creates
heat
by
burning
wooden
pellets.
These
pellets
can
be
made
by
ones
self,
though
it
is
time-­‐consuming
and
special
devices
are
needed
to
make
the
pellets
on
the
right
size.
So
eventually
we
will
not
advice
for
using
local
wood
production.
Pellets
can
be
bought
in
big
quantities
and
will
be
delivered
at
the
fort.
Ordered
in
big
quantities,
one
kilogram
of
pellets
can
cost
around
€0.28
and
1.5
kg
pellets
will
produce
1
m
3
natural
gas.
This
makes
pellets
€0.15
cheaper
than
1
m
3
gas,
based
on
current
gas
rates.
The
biomass
stove
is
therefore
financially
interesting.
A
note
is
that
the
pellets
have
to
come
from
wood
that
is
responsibly
gained,
because
otherwise
the
sustainability
of
the
system
can
be
questioned.
The
biomass
stove
uses
a
big
amount
of
pellets.
A
large
part
can
be
6
stored
in
a
container
next
to
the
stove,
which
fills
it
up
automatically.
The
system
does
require
a
lot
of
space,
so
this
must
be
considered
in
the
design.
Lastly,
a
biomass
stove
demands
a
fair
amount
of
maintenance.
For
instance
the
ashtray
has
to
be
cleaned
2-­‐5
times
a
year.
A
biomass
stove
can
produce
warm
water
and
can
work
well
together
with
a
solar
boiler.
If
necessary,
a
combi-­‐boiler
can
further
raise
the
water
temperature.
A
biomass
stove
can
be
combined
with
floor
heating
as
well
as
radiator
heating.
We
did
made
an
estimation
for
the
biomass
stove,
however
we
do
need
more
data,
so
this
is
a
first
indication
based
on
opening
hours
and
occupancy.
Here
we
assume
that
the
restaurant
has
a
heat
demand
that
equals
9,000
m
3
gas.
Furthermore
we
expect
that
the
restaurant
will
be
heated
during
6
Biomass
stove