Copaifera langsdorfii is a tree species native to tropical regions of South America. It can be used to produce bio-diesel through the following process:
1) The tree produces 40 liters of hydrocarbon per year that can be directly used in diesel engines.
2) The hydrocarbon can also be extracted from the trunk through incisions and further processed into bio-diesel.
3) To produce bio-diesel, the extracted hydrocarbon is transesterified with methanol in the presence of sodium hydroxide to produce biodiesel and glycerin.
4) The raw biodiesel is then cleaned through a simple "dry washing" process that uses ion exchange resin
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Pre biodiesel
1.
2. What is Bio-Diesel?
A processed fuel derived from biological
sources (such as vegetable oils, etc.), which
can be used in unmodified diesel-engine
vehicles.
2
3.
4.
5. Family: Fabaceae - Caesalpinioideae
Common names
(English) : diesel tree
(Portuguese) : copaiba
(Spanish) : cabismo
8. Soil Requirement:
lithosols -(shallow soils consisting of
imperfectly weathered rock fragments)
Latosols -Soil that is rich in iron, alumina, or
silica and formed in tropical woodlands under
very humid climate with relatively high
temperature.
pH : 4.5 - 7.5
With some water logging
9. Propagation and management
• Propagation methods
Seedlings germinate well in dense shade.
• Tree Management
Planting at a spacing of 3 x 1.5m, C. langsdorfii showed high
growth rate in height and stem diameter after 5 months.
Reports of 40 liters yields of hydrocarbon per tree per year
have been recorded.
• Germplasm Management
Seed storage behaviour is orthodox. Viability is maintained
after 8 months storage at 7.8% moisture content and 3 deg C.
10. Apiculture: Bees are major visitors of the tree for pollen.
Fuel: The hydrocarbon obtained from the trunk can be used directly by a diesel-powered car.
Gum or resin: The oleoresin called copaiba is obtained by incising the trunk. The hydrocarbon is
used as an emollient and for other non-energy-related purposes by the natives. The copal is
used in lacquers, massage preparations, medicines, and paints. Copaiba is thin and clear but on
aging becomes thick and acquires a yellowish tinge.
Medicine: A good remedy for chronic catarrh and bronchitis, as it assists expectoration and is
antiseptic; given with advantage in leucorrhoea, chronic cystitis, diarrhoea, and hemorrhoids. It
is chiefly used in gonorrhea (though not advocated for chronic cases), often combined with
other substances. It has also been recommended externally for chilblains.
11. • 1 tree produces 40 liters of hydrocarbon per
year.
• 1 tree can be grown in 3*1.5 = 4.5 meter sq.
• In a hectare 2222 trees can be grown.
• Total (Max.) hydrocarbon oil production =
88880 litres/hectare/year
12. Transesterification
• Mix 5 grams of NaOH with 200ml of methanol.
• Stir until the NaOH is completely dissolved.
• Heat 1 liter of new vegetable oil to 55C.
• Mix the methanol with the vegetable oil.
• Continue to stir for 15 minutes while the
transesterification reaction takes place.
• Allow the glycerin to settle out for 2 hours.
• The stuff on top is raw biodiesel. It needs to be
cleaned before it can be used.
13.
14. Dry washing Biodiesel
• In a nutshell you simply pass the raw Biodiesel through the dry wash system slowly,
and out comes sparkling clear, ready to run Biodiesel!
• It only takes One Pass through the dry wash tower with this system!
• You will be amazed. The simple technical explanation is that as the Biodiesel passes
through the resin, the Ion Exchange process takes place whereby an atom of
hydrogen is strongly attracted to the contaminants in the Biodiesel, but not the
Biodiesel itself.
• This strong attraction usually results in an atom of hydrogen being replaced
(exchanged) with an atom of a contaminant.
• The contaminant is now attached to the resin in place of the hydrogen and the
hydrogen molecule is left in the Biodiesel.
• This all happens on a molecular basis and is a very efficient method of cleaning the
fuel.
• Each kilogram of Eco2Pure™ is capable of purifying between 300-600 liters of
biodiesel, making it the lowest cost dry wash biodiesel purification method in
existence today.
