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Sustainable Agriculture As a Solution to Global Challenges Helmy Abouleish, 2010
Egypt – Challenges Population Growth Education Desertification Water scarcity Biodiversity Loss Climate Change ,[object Object]
Poverty
Health16/09/2010 2
Industrial Agriculture is not the answer ! The prevailing model of agricultural production has failed to achieve food security, provide prosperity and rural livelihoods - while fuelling climate change, driving environmental degradation and water scarcity 3
SEKEM – Holistic Initiative for Sustainable Development 16/09/2010 4
Biodynamic Agriculture – Sustainable Agriculture Environmental / Productivity benefits Soil Stewardship and closed nutrient cycles Carbon Sequestration and low energy consumption High water holding capacity Responsible use of scarce resources		 Resilience to extreme climatic conditions  Biodiversity loss Socio-economic benefits Less investment/cost for external resource inputs Rural livelihoods and employment Healthy food and farmers 16/09/2010  N-P-K $$$ 5
SEKEM‘s contribution I 6 Climate change: 110.000 tons compost 	 Emission reduction of 100.000 t CO2e (Methan)  11.000 h reclaimed land 	 Sequestration of 286.000 t C (> 1 Mio. t CO2e) 	                  within the last 30 years  0.86 TONS CARBON PER HECTARE / YEAR Resistance to diseases and erosion through an improved humus structure
SEKEM‘s contribution II Biodiversity: SEKEM – a living ecosystem in the desert Numerous animal and plant species 10% green area as natural habitat without agricultural use Water: 70% improved water holding capacity of soils; saving water with sub-surface-irrigation Poverty: More than 2000 employees, mainly from rural  communities, more than 20% women Health: cultivation without chemicals and pesticides, healthy food; SEKEM Medical Center 7
SEKEM‘s contribution III Education: SEKEM schools, vocational center, Heliopolis University EBDA Egyptian Biodymaic Association: Training of Engineers and Farmers in Biodynamic agriculture Food souvereignty:  Fairtrade strengthens the producers Training of farmers in Biodynamic agriculture (see EBDA) Food security: Capacity building forsustainable agriculture, greening the desert to increase fertile land 8
SEKEM‘s contribution IV SEKEM has been making use of and further developing the multi-functionality of agriculture for more than 30 years SEKEM‘s is working to address global challenges in manifold ways SEKEM as a best-practice agricultural company according to the statements of the International Assessment of Agricultural Knowledge, Science and Technology for Development 9 !
10 Sustainable Agriculture – Common Concerns Too expensive?  In true cost prices, Sustainable Agriculture is cheaper! Not enough?  Only Sustainable Agriculture can feed the world! Not really Sustainable?  Just ‘organic’ is not enough.  	Comprehensive Sustainability approaches will lead the way.
Sustainable Agriculture is cheaper! Today ≈20% premium in Egypt vanishes from a macro perspective. ≈ 3% result from subsidized water usage in agriculture ≈ 6% from subsidized energy usage (on farm & fertilizer production) Short to medium term Cost-competitive with conventional products Medium to long term Even cheaper, as soon as the real costs reach the customers We need to consider the true costs/benefits! preservation of soil, saving of water resources and energy, reduced pollution, health of farmers/consumers, additional rural jobs, …. 11
In the long run, Sustainable Agriculture is the only way to ‘feed the world’! Quantitative aspect: Organic agriculture can produce high yields with low yield risks due to resilience of diversity Conventional methods threaten long-term food security by affecting soils and eco-systems and depending on non-renewable resources e.g. fossil fuels, phosphorous  Qualitative aspect: Food security depends on politics and markets Healthy food for a sustainable diet in the future 12
Just ‘organic’ is not enough. Organic Agriculture = best practice BUT: not always sustainable No regulation for water management and energy efficiency Limited number and scope of binding standards No holistic approach including the culture and human development aspect  Organic Standards must be amended with sustainability indicators! 13
Engagement for Biodynamic agriculture ,[object Object]
Presentations and media work about the potential of biodynamic and sustainable agriculture
Research on eco-intensification, comparative studies on organic vs. conventional, study on 100% organic agriculture in Egypt14
15 Threats of reductionistic approaches ,[object Object]

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Sustainable Agriculture as Solution to Global Challenges

  • 1. Sustainable Agriculture As a Solution to Global Challenges Helmy Abouleish, 2010
  • 2.
  • 5. Industrial Agriculture is not the answer ! The prevailing model of agricultural production has failed to achieve food security, provide prosperity and rural livelihoods - while fuelling climate change, driving environmental degradation and water scarcity 3
  • 6. SEKEM – Holistic Initiative for Sustainable Development 16/09/2010 4
  • 7. Biodynamic Agriculture – Sustainable Agriculture Environmental / Productivity benefits Soil Stewardship and closed nutrient cycles Carbon Sequestration and low energy consumption High water holding capacity Responsible use of scarce resources Resilience to extreme climatic conditions Biodiversity loss Socio-economic benefits Less investment/cost for external resource inputs Rural livelihoods and employment Healthy food and farmers 16/09/2010 N-P-K $$$ 5
  • 8. SEKEM‘s contribution I 6 Climate change: 110.000 tons compost  Emission reduction of 100.000 t CO2e (Methan) 11.000 h reclaimed land  Sequestration of 286.000 t C (> 1 Mio. t CO2e) within the last 30 years  0.86 TONS CARBON PER HECTARE / YEAR Resistance to diseases and erosion through an improved humus structure
  • 9. SEKEM‘s contribution II Biodiversity: SEKEM – a living ecosystem in the desert Numerous animal and plant species 10% green area as natural habitat without agricultural use Water: 70% improved water holding capacity of soils; saving water with sub-surface-irrigation Poverty: More than 2000 employees, mainly from rural communities, more than 20% women Health: cultivation without chemicals and pesticides, healthy food; SEKEM Medical Center 7
  • 10. SEKEM‘s contribution III Education: SEKEM schools, vocational center, Heliopolis University EBDA Egyptian Biodymaic Association: Training of Engineers and Farmers in Biodynamic agriculture Food souvereignty: Fairtrade strengthens the producers Training of farmers in Biodynamic agriculture (see EBDA) Food security: Capacity building forsustainable agriculture, greening the desert to increase fertile land 8
  • 11. SEKEM‘s contribution IV SEKEM has been making use of and further developing the multi-functionality of agriculture for more than 30 years SEKEM‘s is working to address global challenges in manifold ways SEKEM as a best-practice agricultural company according to the statements of the International Assessment of Agricultural Knowledge, Science and Technology for Development 9 !
  • 12. 10 Sustainable Agriculture – Common Concerns Too expensive?  In true cost prices, Sustainable Agriculture is cheaper! Not enough?  Only Sustainable Agriculture can feed the world! Not really Sustainable?  Just ‘organic’ is not enough. Comprehensive Sustainability approaches will lead the way.
  • 13. Sustainable Agriculture is cheaper! Today ≈20% premium in Egypt vanishes from a macro perspective. ≈ 3% result from subsidized water usage in agriculture ≈ 6% from subsidized energy usage (on farm & fertilizer production) Short to medium term Cost-competitive with conventional products Medium to long term Even cheaper, as soon as the real costs reach the customers We need to consider the true costs/benefits! preservation of soil, saving of water resources and energy, reduced pollution, health of farmers/consumers, additional rural jobs, …. 11
  • 14. In the long run, Sustainable Agriculture is the only way to ‘feed the world’! Quantitative aspect: Organic agriculture can produce high yields with low yield risks due to resilience of diversity Conventional methods threaten long-term food security by affecting soils and eco-systems and depending on non-renewable resources e.g. fossil fuels, phosphorous Qualitative aspect: Food security depends on politics and markets Healthy food for a sustainable diet in the future 12
  • 15. Just ‘organic’ is not enough. Organic Agriculture = best practice BUT: not always sustainable No regulation for water management and energy efficiency Limited number and scope of binding standards No holistic approach including the culture and human development aspect  Organic Standards must be amended with sustainability indicators! 13
  • 16.
  • 17. Presentations and media work about the potential of biodynamic and sustainable agriculture
  • 18. Research on eco-intensification, comparative studies on organic vs. conventional, study on 100% organic agriculture in Egypt14
  • 19.
  • 20. Threats to biodiversity, health and food security / sovereignty
  • 21. Agrochem. industry campaign with „sustainability“
  • 22. Bio-ethanol and biochar with monocropping plantations
  • 23. CO2sequestration through GMO and less plowing through the application of pesticides
  • 26. Competition for food production
  • 27.
  • 28. Significant increase of yields per hectare
  • 29.
  • 30. Pointing out dangers of unsustainable alternatives (Carbon Sequestration.via GMO crops, …)
  • 31. Highlighting Best Practice, Knowledge Exchange16
  • 32. Greening the Desert with Sustainable Agriculture. Today. Celebration of inaugurating the Sinai Project 2008… 17
  • 33. Greening the Desert with Sustainable Agriculture. Today. … and after 18 months. 18
  • 34. Land reclamation in the Desert near Minya, Upper Egypt, September 2010 19
  • 35. Thank you for your attention! www.sekem.com Helmy Abouleish SEKEM Group P.O. Box 2834 El Horreya Cairo, Egypt helmy.abouleish@sekem.com

Notas del editor

  1. EinenachhaltigereAusrichtungderLandwirtschaftmuss den entscheidendenBeitragzurLoesungderglobalenHerausforderungenleisten, vordenenwirheutestehen. Die Integration derökologischen und sozialen Dimension wirkt auf vielfältige Weise derBedrohungdurch den bevorstehendenKlimawandel und deranhaltendenErnährungskriseentgegen.
  2. Arable land: 5% Desert area: 95% Potable Water: 800m³ p.a/p.P.Population growth: 2% p.a.Median age: 24 yearsLiteracy: m: 83% fem: 59%Infant mortality rate: 26.20%
  3. Das vorherrschendeWirtschaftsmodell hat esnichtgeschafft, Wohlstand, sozialeGerechtigkeit und kulturelleVielfaltzuschützenbzw. zuschaffen – stattdessen hat es den Klimawandel, die Umweltzerstörung und die AusbeutungnatürlicherRessourcenvorangetrieben- Landwirtschaftlichnutzbares Land pro Person 1960 – 2005: 50%! 1960: 923 m2/person 2005: 456 m2/person
  4. Our Vision for Sustainable DevelopmentSustainable development towards a future where every human being can unfold his or her individual potential; where mankind is living together in social forms reflecting human dignity; and where all economic activity is conducted in accordance to ecological and ethical principles.Our Mission - To realize our Vision for Sustainable Development in Egypt…We establish biodynamic agriculture as the competitive solution for the environmental, social and food security challenges of the 21st century.We support individual development through holistic education and medical care.We create workplaces reflecting human dignity and supporting employee development.We build successful business models in accordance to ecological and ethical principles.We innovate for sustainable development through research in natural and social sciences.We advocate locally and globally for a holistic approach to sustainable development.
  5. Klimaschutz: SEKEM‘s Kompost vermeidete bereits Methanemissionen, die man mit über 100.000 Tonnen an CO2 gleichsetzen kann. Zudem wurden innerhalb von 30 Jahren über 1 Million Tonnen CO2 gespeichert, das entspricht einem durchschnittlichen Wert von 0,86 Tonnen Kohlenstoff pro Hektar pro Jahr. Vergleicht man das mit dem Gesamtergebnis einer Studie von Pretty (2006), dann liegt SEKEM damit weit über dem Durchschnitt (0,35 Tonnen pro Hektar pro Jahr).
  6. Biodiversität: Die Mutterfarm, die ursprünglich nur Wüste war, dient heuteals Lebensraum fürüber 60 Vogelarten, fürmehrals 90 verschiedeneBaumarten und Sträucher, und fürvieleKleintierewieIgel, Schlangen, Füchse und Eidechsen.Wasser: Ein Projekt mit der Climate Neutral Group und Soil&More kam zu dem Ergebnis, dass bei SEKEM eine um 70% verbesserte Speicherkapazität der Böden von Wasser besteht.Armut: SEKEM hat über 2000 Angestellte und ist damit einer der größten Arbeitgeber der Region. Über 20% der Mitarbeiter sind Frauen, was ein sehr guter Schnitt in einer Region ist, bei der Frauen meistens bis zu ihrem 25ten Lebensjahr verheiratet sind und ihre Arbeit dann aufgeben.Gesundheit: SEKEM‘s Landwirtschaft basiert nicht auf Monokulturen, sondern auf einem vielfältigen Anbau verschiedener Früchte. Auch die Anbaumethoden (wie Agroforst) unterstützen dieses Prinzip. Ein breites und damit ernährungswissenschaftlich gesehen ausgewogenes Angebot an Lebensmitteln ist die Folge. Zudem ist es wissenschaftlich bewiesen, dass biologisch angebaute Nahrungsmitteln im Schnitt nahrhafter und dadurch gesünder sind; nicht zuletzt da keine toxischen Rückstände von Chemikalien existieren. Durch Unterbodenbewässerung wird Oberflächenwasserbildung vermieden, welches ein Paradies für Moskitos und andere Krankheitsüberträger ist.Auf der Mutterfarm hat SEKEM eine medizinische Einrichtung errichtet, zu der zehntausende Menschen im Umkreis Zugang haben.
  7. Bildung: SEKEM fördert die Bildung der umliegenden Bevölkerung durch Schulen, Ausbildungsstätten (duales System) und dem derzeitigen Bau der Heliopolis Universität für nachhaltige Entwicklung. Zudem werden Ingenieure und Bauern in biodynamischer Landwirtschaft trainiert und über deren Anwendung und Vorzüge informiert.Ernährungssouveränität: Das Training von Bauern in biodynamischer Landwirtschaft gibt ihnen ein Stück Ernährungssouveränität zurück.Ernährungssicherheit: ISIS 2009 mehr als 2500 Tonnen Lebensmittel (Reis, Nudeln, Cornflakes, Käse) und über 1500 Tonnen an Getränken. Allein 2009 produzierte ISIS über 240 Millionen Teebeutel.Zudem wendet SEKEM verschiedene Formen von Eco-Intensivierung an. Darunter Agroforst, hitze-resistentes Saatgut, Auslese oder der Einsatz von Mikroorganismen. All das wird durch eigene Forschung und Entwicklung sowie Anwendung erprobt.
  8. Prices and true costsAlthough today there is a premium for organic products (≈ 20% in Egypt) it will be cost competitive in the medium term. Already today, the premium vanishes when costs for energy, water availability, water pollution, carbon emissions and the impact of pesticides on health bills are taken into account.Further, although hard to quantify, reduced pollution, health of farmers and consumers are additional advantages substantially benefitting national budgets. Of course, the actual figures differ between crops and countries, yet the message is clearCurrent action: “100% Organic-Studie” - Study is under way for the main Egyptian crops: true cost for conventional and organic food production.Further action needed:Support and Creating facilitating conditions and incentives>>>Compensation of multi-functionality of sustainable agriculture
  9. Quantitativ:NachhaltigeLandwirtschaftkann die Welt ernährenÖkologischeLandwirtschaftverfügtüberkonstanthoheErträgeübereinenlangenZeitraum, währendkonventionelleMethodenunsereBödenauslaugen und somit die Ernährungssicherheitlangfristiggefährden. BeimVergleichderMethodenmüssen 2 Aspekteberücksichtigtwerden: a) langfristigeEffekte, b) die tatsächlichenProduktionszahlen, und nichtErgebnisse von Testfeldern. C. Badgley et al. (2006) DurchschnittlicheErtragsquote (bio: nicht-bio) fürzehneinzelneLebensmittelkategorien (nach FAO) zeigen:Industrieländer: leicht <1.0Entwicklungsländer: >1.0WeiterenotwendigeAktionen:Unterstützung und Schaffung von Anreizen>>Finanzierung von Forschung und EntwicklungQualitativ:ZukunftsfaehigeErnaehrung: WenigerFleisch etc.
  10. Sustainable productionAlthough organic agriculture as an approach is the best practice, there are farms / ways of production which are not sustainable. Comprehensive sustainability approaches will lead the way>>Refer to upgrading organic standards proposal see below, document on server.Current action: Jointly with major companies from the organic sector we urge certifiers to review and adapt their standards (e.g. including carbon / water / energy footprints, labor rights, fair trade).  COOPERATION with IFOAMFurther action needed:Support and Creating facilitating conditions and incentives>>Funding for research and development 
  11. Gefahren von Gentechnik:- Gentechnik verursacht Armut (Abhängigkeiten durch Patente; hohe Preise für GV Saatgut; Preise für gentechnikfreie Lebensmittel steigen durch Kosten von Verunreinigungen)- Gentechnik gefährdet Biodiversität - Die Wirkung von Gentechnik auf die menschliche Gesundheit ist ungeklärt- Gentechnik sichert nicht die Ernährung der Bevölkerung und untergräbt die Ernährungssouveränität GMO Website im AufbauCivil Society Statement of Concern on the Hague Conference on Agriculture, Food Security and Climate Change (31 Oktober – 5 November)- Aufruf gegen die Diskussion von teuren, ungeprüften technologischen Pseudolösungen für die globalen Herausforderungen, wie Gentechnik.- Aufruf, die Ergebnisse und Vorschläge des Weltagrarberichtes aufzunehmen und umzusetzen, anstatt sie zu ignorieren.
  12. >> Prince Charles Initiative, FOOD SUMMIT EGYPT, Living Carbon Partnership, …Aus post-highgrove-MEMO:‘Summing up, sustainable agriculture has a great potential to tackle the major challenges of the 21st century (poverty, undernourishment, climate change, environmental degradation). Yet, it is crucial that the term “sustainable agriculture” is defined correctly. Therefore, I suggest organizing a high-level conference on “Sustainable Food and Agriculture” in Egypt in 2011 with participation of organizations like UNIDO, UNEP, FAO etc. Other measures, like an award on best practices could further increase media coverage and the effect. “