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Year 1 research 
Serena Pollastri 
20/09/2014
research context 
Cities, complexity, sustainability. 
Design approach: 
- map the system to find emerging 
opportunities, rather than solving single 
problems 
- design tools for collaboration.
Theoretical 
framework 
Metadesign approach. 
Metadesign: 
John Wood (2008, p. 4) identifies Metadesign 
as an approach able to “transform the world 
by reimagining new ways to live”. This 
profound rethinking of the system is needed 
because working within the limits of the 
current system to make it “sustainable” is not 
enough (Wood, 2009). 
Metadesign is the collaborative design of 
the design tools, processes that are able to 
produce a systemic change
research context 
Cities, complexity, sustainability.
Research Question 
“How can visualisation processes 
contribute to the design of future scenarios 
of sustainable liveable cities?”
liveable 
cities 
August 2013 
Activity of mapping 
relationships between 
research topics
Research structure
Research structure 
visualisations future scenarios 
why why 
what type? what type? 
diagrams design 
why 
what types? 
orienting 
scenarios 
literature 
review
Research structure 
visualisations future scenarios 
why why 
what type? what type? 
why 
what types? 
diagrams 
design 
orienting 
scenarios 
methods, processes, and tools 
literature 
review 
research 
question
Research structure 
visualisations future scenarios 
why why 
what type? what type? 
why 
what types? 
diagrams 
design 
orienting 
scenarios 
methods, processes, and tools 
literature 
review 
research 
question 
design 
experiments
Research structure 
visualisations future scenarios 
why why 
what type? what type? 
why 
what types? 
diagrams 
design 
orienting 
scenarios 
methods, processes, and tools 
literature 
review 
research 
question 
design 
experiments 
context 
cities&liveability interdisciplinarity 
complexity
Visualisation 
Definition for Bloomsbury New Design 
Encyclopedia 
A visualisation is an artefact (or sometimes just a mental image) 
that translates information, which by itself is not directly 
observable, into a visual representation that facilitates the 
understanding of such information. 
This is done through the use of visual language, a type of language 
that is able to describe data or ideas that are complex and/or have a 
non-linear structure. Unlike written text, visual language allows the 
reader to “see content and form simultaneously” (Dondis 1973, 106). 
(...) 
{ 
Vi•su•al•i•sa•tion 
noun 
cognitive tool (Latour, Cross) 
communication device (Ashwin, Cairo, 
Kress)
Functions 
Broadly speaking... 
cognitive tools communication devices
Functions 
Design Visualisations 
cognitive tools communication devices 
Buckminster Fuller - Geodesic Dome and Dome over Manhattan
Functions 
Design Visualisations 
cognitive tools communication devices 
are visualisation of an 
intentional (designed) 
future 
explain how to build/ 
make/realize/pruduce 
it 
support: 
• thinking 
• discussing
Chora 
Scenario Game 
Case study 
Urban Gallery 
methodology: 
Database 
input from residents 
to researchers 
Prototypes 
specialists provide 
solutions 
Scenario games 
discussion, test of prototypes - 
all partners to one table 
Actionplans 
planners and 
politicians making 
decisions 
Chora.org
Chora 
Scenario Game 
Case study 
Scenarios + 
Diagrams 
(Complex) 
Information 
visualisation 
about the 
future 
Chora.org
A visual history 
of the future 
(foresight) 
Evidence based report on how future 
cities have been visualised in the past 
100 years.
Diagrams for design 
As a method for representing the 
complexity of urban life 
The key role of diagrams as negotiation and decision-making tools is to 
enable common and shared understanding in multi-actors 
context (Ciuccarelli, Ricci and Valsecchi, 2008). Diagrams have 
always been integral part of different disciplines, from architecture and 
engineering to mathematics and natural sciences. In design research, 
diagrams are “operating devices able to reveal weak links among 
the elements of the system and to show the driving forces that can 
facilitate (or hinder) a design intervention” (Scagnetti et al., 2007)
Diagrams for design 
A preliminary map of the process. 
DIK 
Diagrams 
(process) 
Data 
Information Knowledge Understanding Wisdom 
Acquire data Analyse Represent 
Relations 
Manage Design 
Interventions 
Scenarios 
Scale 
Pinpoint 
Clusters 
Framing 
Graining 
past-present /analysis future/design 
Scagnetti, Gaia, Donato Ricci, Giovanni Baule, and Paolo Ciuccarelli. 2007. “Reshaping 
Communication Design Tools. Complex Systems Structural Features for Design Tools.” In . The 
Hong Kong Polytechnic University. 
Ciuccarelli, Paolo, Donato Ricci, and Francesca Valsecchi. 2008. “Handling Changes through 
Diagrams: Scale and Grain in the Visual Representation of Complex Systems.” In Changing the 
Change Proceedings. Turin, Italy.
Diagrams for design 
Information visualisation 
past-present /analysis future/design
Diagrams for design 
Information visualisation 
past-present /analysis future/design 
Change by Us NYC 
a project by Code for America 
and Local Projects (2011) 
“A social network for civic 
activity” 
http://nyc.changeby.us/
Diagrams for design 
Draft of a taxonomy organized along 
the design process. 
(This part 
needs to be reviewed)
visions of future 
• To speculate* 
- Sci-fi 
• For strategy 
- policy orienting 
scenario 
• As design tool 
- design orienting 
scenarios 
*very different aims
visions of future 
• To speculate* 
- Sci-fi 
• For strategy 
- policy orienting 
scenario 
• As design tool 
- design orienting 
scenarios 
*very different aims
visions of future 
Scenarios 
scenarios 
Policy-Orienting 
Scenarios 
Future Studies 
S1 
S2 
S3 
P1 
P2 
P3 
Strategic Planning 
S1 
S2 
S3 
P1 
P 
P2 
P3 
Design-Orienting 
Scenarios 
Design 
S1 
S2 
S3 
P 
Decision Making 
in the scenario(s) 
Design 
of the scenario(s) 
key 
S 
P P 
scenario 
project / potential project
design ORIENTING 
SCENARIOS 
1. Macro Trends (context) 
2. Meta Scenario 
3. Layers 
4. Glimpses 
internal external independent 
5. Variables 
Reference: 
Jegou, F. and Manzini, E. 
(2004) ‘Design degli scenari’, 
in Bertola, P. and Manzini, 
E. (eds) Design multiverso, 
appunti di fenomenologia del 
design. Milan: Polidesign, pp. 
177–195. 
Moy, D. and Ryan, C. (2011) 
‘Using Scenarios to Explore 
System Change: VEIL, Local 
Food Depot’, in Design for 
Services. Gower.
design ORIENTING 
SCENARIOS 
Techniques from existing case studies 
Written narrative Designer as mediator
design ORIENTING 
SCENARIOS 
Techniques from existing case studies 
collaboration as brainstorming (very beginning of the process) or consultation (discuss 
solutions).
Research design 
What am I trying to achieve and how 
Aim: 
Map models, 
tools, 
techniques and 
processes {
Future visioning 
workshop 
Design experiment
“Living in the city” 
foresight report 
Design experiment
2013 
Research plan 
Timeline 
2014 
future visioning breakfasts 
future visioning breakfasts 
lit rev: visualisations lit rev: visualisations lit rev: cities 
2015 
lit rev: cities 
2016 
J J A S O N D 
lit rev: visualisations 
J F M A M J J A S O N D 
foresight a visual history of the future 
design encyclopaedia 
lit rev: future scenarios 
J F M A M J J A S O N D 
rsd3 review and publication 
other design experiments 
definition of methods and tools 
J F M A M J J A S O N D 
definition of methods and tools 
planning 
foresight 
living in 
the city 
ServDes 
RSD3 
literature review and theory 
design experiments 
research on methods and tools 
other projects 
conferences and presentations

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Year 1 of research - presentation

  • 1. Year 1 research Serena Pollastri 20/09/2014
  • 2. research context Cities, complexity, sustainability. Design approach: - map the system to find emerging opportunities, rather than solving single problems - design tools for collaboration.
  • 3. Theoretical framework Metadesign approach. Metadesign: John Wood (2008, p. 4) identifies Metadesign as an approach able to “transform the world by reimagining new ways to live”. This profound rethinking of the system is needed because working within the limits of the current system to make it “sustainable” is not enough (Wood, 2009). Metadesign is the collaborative design of the design tools, processes that are able to produce a systemic change
  • 4. research context Cities, complexity, sustainability.
  • 5. Research Question “How can visualisation processes contribute to the design of future scenarios of sustainable liveable cities?”
  • 6. liveable cities August 2013 Activity of mapping relationships between research topics
  • 8. Research structure visualisations future scenarios why why what type? what type? diagrams design why what types? orienting scenarios literature review
  • 9. Research structure visualisations future scenarios why why what type? what type? why what types? diagrams design orienting scenarios methods, processes, and tools literature review research question
  • 10. Research structure visualisations future scenarios why why what type? what type? why what types? diagrams design orienting scenarios methods, processes, and tools literature review research question design experiments
  • 11. Research structure visualisations future scenarios why why what type? what type? why what types? diagrams design orienting scenarios methods, processes, and tools literature review research question design experiments context cities&liveability interdisciplinarity complexity
  • 12. Visualisation Definition for Bloomsbury New Design Encyclopedia A visualisation is an artefact (or sometimes just a mental image) that translates information, which by itself is not directly observable, into a visual representation that facilitates the understanding of such information. This is done through the use of visual language, a type of language that is able to describe data or ideas that are complex and/or have a non-linear structure. Unlike written text, visual language allows the reader to “see content and form simultaneously” (Dondis 1973, 106). (...) { Vi•su•al•i•sa•tion noun cognitive tool (Latour, Cross) communication device (Ashwin, Cairo, Kress)
  • 13. Functions Broadly speaking... cognitive tools communication devices
  • 14. Functions Design Visualisations cognitive tools communication devices Buckminster Fuller - Geodesic Dome and Dome over Manhattan
  • 15. Functions Design Visualisations cognitive tools communication devices are visualisation of an intentional (designed) future explain how to build/ make/realize/pruduce it support: • thinking • discussing
  • 16. Chora Scenario Game Case study Urban Gallery methodology: Database input from residents to researchers Prototypes specialists provide solutions Scenario games discussion, test of prototypes - all partners to one table Actionplans planners and politicians making decisions Chora.org
  • 17. Chora Scenario Game Case study Scenarios + Diagrams (Complex) Information visualisation about the future Chora.org
  • 18. A visual history of the future (foresight) Evidence based report on how future cities have been visualised in the past 100 years.
  • 19. Diagrams for design As a method for representing the complexity of urban life The key role of diagrams as negotiation and decision-making tools is to enable common and shared understanding in multi-actors context (Ciuccarelli, Ricci and Valsecchi, 2008). Diagrams have always been integral part of different disciplines, from architecture and engineering to mathematics and natural sciences. In design research, diagrams are “operating devices able to reveal weak links among the elements of the system and to show the driving forces that can facilitate (or hinder) a design intervention” (Scagnetti et al., 2007)
  • 20. Diagrams for design A preliminary map of the process. DIK Diagrams (process) Data Information Knowledge Understanding Wisdom Acquire data Analyse Represent Relations Manage Design Interventions Scenarios Scale Pinpoint Clusters Framing Graining past-present /analysis future/design Scagnetti, Gaia, Donato Ricci, Giovanni Baule, and Paolo Ciuccarelli. 2007. “Reshaping Communication Design Tools. Complex Systems Structural Features for Design Tools.” In . The Hong Kong Polytechnic University. Ciuccarelli, Paolo, Donato Ricci, and Francesca Valsecchi. 2008. “Handling Changes through Diagrams: Scale and Grain in the Visual Representation of Complex Systems.” In Changing the Change Proceedings. Turin, Italy.
  • 21. Diagrams for design Information visualisation past-present /analysis future/design
  • 22. Diagrams for design Information visualisation past-present /analysis future/design Change by Us NYC a project by Code for America and Local Projects (2011) “A social network for civic activity” http://nyc.changeby.us/
  • 23. Diagrams for design Draft of a taxonomy organized along the design process. (This part needs to be reviewed)
  • 24. visions of future • To speculate* - Sci-fi • For strategy - policy orienting scenario • As design tool - design orienting scenarios *very different aims
  • 25. visions of future • To speculate* - Sci-fi • For strategy - policy orienting scenario • As design tool - design orienting scenarios *very different aims
  • 26. visions of future Scenarios scenarios Policy-Orienting Scenarios Future Studies S1 S2 S3 P1 P2 P3 Strategic Planning S1 S2 S3 P1 P P2 P3 Design-Orienting Scenarios Design S1 S2 S3 P Decision Making in the scenario(s) Design of the scenario(s) key S P P scenario project / potential project
  • 27. design ORIENTING SCENARIOS 1. Macro Trends (context) 2. Meta Scenario 3. Layers 4. Glimpses internal external independent 5. Variables Reference: Jegou, F. and Manzini, E. (2004) ‘Design degli scenari’, in Bertola, P. and Manzini, E. (eds) Design multiverso, appunti di fenomenologia del design. Milan: Polidesign, pp. 177–195. Moy, D. and Ryan, C. (2011) ‘Using Scenarios to Explore System Change: VEIL, Local Food Depot’, in Design for Services. Gower.
  • 28. design ORIENTING SCENARIOS Techniques from existing case studies Written narrative Designer as mediator
  • 29. design ORIENTING SCENARIOS Techniques from existing case studies collaboration as brainstorming (very beginning of the process) or consultation (discuss solutions).
  • 30. Research design What am I trying to achieve and how Aim: Map models, tools, techniques and processes {
  • 31. Future visioning workshop Design experiment
  • 32. “Living in the city” foresight report Design experiment
  • 33. 2013 Research plan Timeline 2014 future visioning breakfasts future visioning breakfasts lit rev: visualisations lit rev: visualisations lit rev: cities 2015 lit rev: cities 2016 J J A S O N D lit rev: visualisations J F M A M J J A S O N D foresight a visual history of the future design encyclopaedia lit rev: future scenarios J F M A M J J A S O N D rsd3 review and publication other design experiments definition of methods and tools J F M A M J J A S O N D definition of methods and tools planning foresight living in the city ServDes RSD3 literature review and theory design experiments research on methods and tools other projects conferences and presentations