1. CJ 2011
James A. Fagin
Chapter 9:
Jails and Prisons

2. After completion of this chapter, students should
be able to:
Describe the conditions of early colonial jails
Explain both the purpose and types of jails
Know the purpose behind classification systems
Detail the operations of the Federal Bureau of Prisons
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of prison
privatization
CJ 2011 © 2011 Pearson Higher Education,
James A. Fagin Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved.
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3.  American colonists constructed harsh jail
conditions
 Cells lacked running water and heat
 Men, women, and children confined together
 Prisoners responsible to pay for their own
necessities
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James A. Fagin Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved.
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4.  Philadelphia Society to Alleviate the
Miseries of Public Prisons
 Lobbied the Pennsylvania legislature for
humane treatment of prisoners
 Renovated the Walnut Street Jail (1790)
CJ 2011 © 2011 Pearson Higher Education,
James A. Fagin Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved.
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5.  Congregate work system prevails over Walnut
Street model
 Single-cell design becomes too expensive
 Smaller cells at 7 feet long,4 feet wide, 7 feet
high
 Cells stacked on top of each other, known as
‘inside cell block’ architecture
CJ 2011 © 2011 Pearson Higher Education,
James A. Fagin Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved.
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6.  American prisons have highest incarceration
rate worldwide
 5% of world population holding 25% of
world’s prisoners
 Over 7.3 million citizens on probation, parole,
in jail or in prison
CJ 2011 © 2011 Pearson Higher Education,
James A. Fagin Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved.
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7.  Three significant factors:
 Education and rehabilitation programs
 Prohibiting prison-industry from competing in
an open marketplace
 Civil lawsuits against prison conditions
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James A. Fagin Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved.
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8.  Short term holding, typically 12 months or less
 Majority of inmates are not convicted, but
awaiting trial or other pre-trial procedures
 Serve as gateway into the criminal justice
system
CJ 2011 © 2011 Pearson Higher Education,
James A. Fagin Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved.
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9.  Over 3,300 local or county jails
 Most municipalities are abandoning their jails
as long-term holding facilities
 Municipal jails primarily a temporary housing
for arrestees until they can be moved to another
facility or pay bail
CJ 2011 © 2011 Pearson Higher Education,
James A. Fagin Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved.
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10.  Typically for convicted felons sentenced to a
year or more
 53% of inmates incarcerated for violent crimes
 Inmates examined, assessed, and classified
before assignment to a prison facility
CJ 2011 © 2011 Pearson Higher Education,
James A. Fagin Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved.
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11.  Some prisoners may be kept out of general
population based upon:
 Mental instability
 Health issues such as AIDS or Tuberculosis
 Age (young or old) place them at risk of
victimization
 Gang members posing security risks
CJ 2011 © 2011 Pearson Higher Education,
James A. Fagin Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved.
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12.  Built in 1934 by newly formed Federal Bureau
of Prison
 It housed the most violent and highest security-
risk inmates in San Francisco Bay
 A maximum-security prison without any
rehabilitation, educational, or treatment
programs
 Closed permanently in 1963; now a tourist
destination
CJ 2011 © 2011 Pearson Higher Education,
James A. Fagin Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved.
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13.  Federal prisons are correctional facilities
housing inmates convicted of violating federal
statutes or crimes upon federal property
 Known as the Federal Bureau of Prisons
(BOP)
CJ 2011 © 2011 Pearson Higher Education,
James A. Fagin Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved.
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14.  Federal Bureau of Prisons operates 104
correctional facilities
 200,000 inmates
 These range from minimum-security prison
camps to administrative maximum
 Feds have a lower recidivism rate
CJ 2011 © 2011 Pearson Higher Education,
James A. Fagin Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved.
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15.  Because of overcrowding and budget
constraints, as well as the high costs of prison
construction and staffing, some states allow
private security companies to administer
services
 Not allowed in every state
CJ 2011 © 2011 Pearson Higher Education,
James A. Fagin Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved.
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16.  HIV/AIDS
 Communicable Diseases
 Hepatitis C
 Tuberculosis
 Mental Illness
 8th Amendment prevents ‘cruel and unusual’
treatment, thus requiring adequate health care
CJ 2011 © 2011 Pearson Higher Education,
James A. Fagin Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved.
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17.  Hands-off (prior to Warren Court era)
 Hands-on
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James A. Fagin Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved.
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18.  A place where people eat, sleep, and work
together on a daily basis without contact with
the outside world. A lack of social skills
develops in this environment
CJ 2011 © 2011 Pearson Higher Education,
James A. Fagin Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved.
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19.  A socialization process by which new inmates
accept the values of the prison lifestyle
 For example, prison subculture language called
‘argot’
CJ 2011 © 2011 Pearson Higher Education,
James A. Fagin Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. • All Rights Reserved.
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