In Java 8, the java.util.function has numerous built-in interfaces. Other packages in the Java library (notably java.util.stream package) make use of the interfaces defined in this package. Java 8 developers should be familiar with using key interfaces provided in this package. This presentation provides an overview of four key functional interfaces (Consumer, Supplier, Function, and Predicate) provided in this package.
10. Built-in interfaces
Predicate<T> Checks a condition and returns a
boolean value as result
In filter() method in
java.util.stream.Stream
which is used to remove elements
in the stream that don’t match the
given condition (i.e., predicate) asConsumer<T> Operation that takes an argument but
returns nothing
In forEach() method in
collections and in
java.util.stream.Stream; this
method is used for traversing all
the elements in the collection orFunction<T,
R>
Functions that take an argument and
return a result
In map() method in
java.util.stream.Stream to
transform or operate on the passed
value and return a result.
Supplier<T> Operation that returns a value to the
caller (the returned value could be
same or different values)
In generate() method in
java.util.stream.Stream to
create a infinite stream of
elements.
11. Predicate interface
Stream.of("hello", "world")
.filter(str -> str.startsWith("h"))
.forEach(System.out::println);
The filter() method takes a Predicate
as an argument (predicates are
functions that check a condition and
return a boolean value)
13. Predicate interface
A Predicate<T> “affirms” something as true or
false: it takes an argument of type T, and returns a
boolean value. You can call test() method on a
Predicate object.
@FunctionalInterface
public interface Predicate<T> {
boolean test(T t);
// other methods elided
}
18. Consumer interface
A Consumer<T> “consumes” something: it takes
an argument (of generic type T) and returns
nothing (void). You can call accept() method on a
Consumer object.
@FunctionalInterface
public interface Consumer<T> {
void accept(T t);
// the default andThen method elided
}
23. Function interface
A Function<T, R> “operates” on something and
returns something: it takes one argument (of
generic type T) and returns an object (of generic
type R). You can call apply() method on a Function
object.
@FunctionalInterface
public interface Function<T, R> {
R apply(T t);
// other methods elided
}
25. Function interface: Example
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.function.Function;
public class CombineFunctions {
public static void main(String []args) {
Function<String, Integer> parseInt = Integer:: parseInt ;
Function<Integer, Integer> absInt = Math:: abs ;
Function<String, Integer> parseAndAbsInt = parseInt.andThen(absInt)
Arrays.stream("4, -9, 16".split(", "))
.map(parseAndAbsInt)
.forEach(System. out ::println);
}
}
Prints:
4
9
16
26. Supplier interface
import java.util.stream.Stream;
import java.util.Random;
class GenerateBooleans {
public static void main(String []args) {
Random random = new Random();
Stream.generate(random::nextBoolean)
.limit(2)
.forEach(System.out::println);
}
}
Prints two boolean
values “true” and “false”
in random order
28. Supplier interface
A Supplier<T> “supplies” takes nothing but
returns something: it has no arguments and
returns an object (of generic type T). You can call
get() method on a Supplier object
@FunctionalInterface
public interface Supplier<T> {
T get();
// no other methods in this interface
}
29. Supplier interface: Example
Supplier<String> currentDateTime = () -> LocalDateTime.now().toString();
System.out.println(currentDateTime.get());
Prints current time:
2015-10-16T12:40:55.164
30. Summary of built-in interfaces in
java.util.function interface
❖ There are only four core functional interfaces in this
package: Predicate, Consumer, Function, and Supplier.
❖ The rest of the interfaces are primitive versions, binary
versions, and derived interfaces such as
UnaryOperator interface.
❖ These interfaces differ mainly on the signature of the
abstract methods they declare.
❖ You need to choose the suitable functional interface
based on the context and your need.
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