"The Barcode" Presentation By: Group Four (Aslam, Ceren, Fohn, Sara and Youssef) for the group assignment of the "Research Methodology" course at the University of Greenwich

1. The Barcode
Presented by:
Youssef Ismail
Aslam Eltashanni
Ceren Turan
Sara Hussein
Fohn Asobah
Presentation date: Monday 14th December 2015
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2. Outline
 Punch cards & bull’s eye barcode
 UPC barcode
 Barcode scanners
 QR codes
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3. Introduction
 Problems solved by the barcode
 Development of the invention
 First standardised system
 Scanning the barcodes
 Where the barcode is today
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4. Evaluation Process
 Deciding on
criteria/influencing factors
 Why we chose the criteria
 Scoring systems
 Weighted scores and raw
scores
 Decision Matrix
Solutions a b c d e f g h i j Ideal
Potential interest to the
audience (3)
3 2 3 2 3 1 2 2 1 1 4
Operating costs (5) 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 2 2 4
Ease of use by individuals (4) 2 4 1 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4
Relevance today (2) 4 2 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Reliability (3) 2 2 1 3 3 2 2 2 2 3 4
Time efficiency (3) 3 1 3 3 4 3 4 4 3 2 4
Safety (2) 4 2 4 2 4 2 2 2 3 3 4
Raw total score 21 16 18 22 26 19 22 21 19 19 28
Weighted total score 63 54 57 74 82 62 72 67 58 58 88
 a= 3-D Printers
 b= Electric cars
 c= Lie detectors
 d= Treadmills
 e= Barcode
 f= WWW
 g= Microwaves
 h= ATM
 i= Trains
 j= Air Conditioners
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5. Punch Cards
 Paper cards with several holes
 First used in 1795 to control textile looms
 Applied to supermarkets in 1932
 Disadvantages: heavy and expensive reading
equipment
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6. Bull’s Eye Barcode
 Circular shape and structure
 Invented in 1948 by Bernard Silver and Joseph
Woodland.
 Received a patent in 1952
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7. UPC Barcode
 The Universal Product Code or the 1-D Barcode is
the format for product barcodes in the U.S. and
Canada. They are used in retail stores.
 Types of UPC barcodes:
 UPC-A
 UPC-E
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8. UPC Barcode
 UPC-A
 Suitable for the retail point-of-sale (POS)
 Omnidirectional
 Capacity: GTIN (Global Trade Item Number) - 12
numbers consist of 11 data digits and one Modulo 10
checksum.
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9. UPC Barcode
 The number system digit’s values have different
meanings.
 Regular UPC codes have values 0,1,6,7 and 8
 2 represents random weight products
 3 represents Items of National Drugs
 4 represents non-food products
 5 and 9 used on coupons
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10. UPC Barcode
 UPC-E
 An abbreviated form of UPC-A codes
 Used on small packages
 Omnidirectional
 Capacity: GTIN-12 Numeric, zeroes suppressed
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11. Barcode Scanners
Who invented
the first
scanner?
Where it was
installed
What was the
first item to
be scanned?
The first scanner was invented by George Laurer.
At Marsh’s supermarket.
A packet of Wrigley's Gum
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12. Barcode Scanners
Five different types of scanners were developed
over the years:
 Pen/wand scanners
 Slot scanners
 Charge Coupe Device (CCD) scanners
 Camera based scanners
 Laser scanners
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13. The Wand Scanner
 How does it work?
 Must be in contact
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14. The Slot Scanner
 Operates in different manner when compared to
wand scanner
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15. The CCD Scanner
 How does it work?
 Contactless – distance of item cannot exceed 1 inch
 Disadvantage of CCD scanner
If barcode is bigger
than scanner’s
screen, it won’t read
it
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16. The Camera-Based Scanner
 How is it different?
 It can read barcodes that are up to 9 inches apart
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17. The Laser Scanner
 Uses same technique as the wand
scanner; what is the difference?
 Contactless
 It can read barcodes that are up
to 24 inches apart
 Minimum error percentage
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18. Future of the Barcode
 Quick Response (QR) Codes
 A two dimensional barcode read using
smartphones or QR reading devices
 Invented by Denso-Wave in 1994
 Scanning is done using phone’s camera
 Ideal placement location
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19. Types of QR Codes
QR Code Model 1
and Model 2
Micro QR Code IQR Code SQRC Frame QR
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20. Applications of QR Codes
 Can be printed on newspapers, books, letters,
dresses, business cards and tattoos
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21. Conclusion
 Allowed businesses to save time and money
 Has made shopping a lot quicker and reduced
queueing times
 Standardisation to the UPC barcode
 QR Codes: How barcodes are moving with new
technologies
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22. Thank you for listening
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23. Questions?
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24. References
 http://www.physics. Rutgers.edu/~pchandra/physiss397/Handout10. pdf.
 http://www.barcodingfonts.com/pdf/UPC.pdf
 http://www.computalabel.com/aboutupc.htm
 http://www.barcodeisland.com/upce.phtml
 http://inventors.about.com/od/bstartinventions/a/Bar-Codes.htm
 http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/barcode-reader-POS-scanner-bar-code-reader-
price-scanner
 http://www.taltech.com/barcodesoftware/articles/how_barcode_reader_works
 Content Marketing Institute, seven Creative and Effective QR Code Examples From Around the
World, http://contentmarketinginstitute.com/2012/06/effective-qr-code-examples-from-
around-the-world/ (accessed 29th November, 2015)
 Scanova Blog, How to Scan QR codes, http://scanova.io/blog/blog/2015/05/14/how-to-scan-
qr-codes/. (accessed 29th November, 2015)
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