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1. Gastritis

2. Objectives
• At the end of this presentation learners will be
able to
• Define gastritis
• Discuss types of gastritis
• What are the causes of gastritis
• What are the sign & symptoms of gastritis
• Discuss the prevention and treatment of gastritis
• What are the nursing diagnosis & intervevention
for gastritis

3. Gastritis
Gastritis is an inflammation, irritation or
erosion of the stomach mucosa.
Inflammation of the whole stomach is called
PANGASTRITIS and an inflammation of a part
of stomach is called ANTRAL GASTRITIS.

4. Types of Gastritis
Gastritis can broadly be divided into acute
gastritis and chronic gastritis.
• Acute gastritis
Acute gastritis is a sudden inflammation of the
lining of the stomach.
Acute gastritis can be divided in to
1. Acute superficial gastritis
2. Acute Erosive gastritis
3. Acute gastric ulceration

5. Cont….
• Chronic gastritis
It is an inflammation of the lining
of the stomach that occurs gradually and persists
for a prolonged time.
• Chronic gastritis can divided into:
1. Type A chronic gastritis (autoimmune gastritis)
2. Type B chronic gastritis (bacteria induced
gastritis)
3. Type C chronic gastritis (chemical induced
gastritis)

6. Aetiology
• Bacterial infections
• Non- steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID)
• Autoimmune
• Bile reflux disease
• Stress
• Alcohol addiction
• Cocaine
• Radiation and chemotherapy

7. Sign & Symptoms
• Abdominal pain and burning, often in the upper
center of the abdomen called the epigastric area
• Bloating
• Weight loss
• Belching
• Indigestion
• Anorexia
• Nausea & vomiting
• Hiccups

8. Conti….
Severe gastritis can lead to life-threatening
symptoms including:
• Severe chest pain
• Feeling faint or short of breath
• Severe abdominal pain
• Sudden onset of bloody stools (blood may be red,
black or tarry in texture)
• Vomiting blood or black material (resembling
coffee)

9. Diagnosis
Gastritis is diagnosed on the basis of medical
history and physical examinations of the
patient and the following tests:
• Blood test
• Stool test
• Upper gastrointestinal X ray
• Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy

10. Treatment
• Antacids
• H2 Receptor Blockers
• Proton Pump Inhibiters
• Antibiotics
• Antidiarrheal Agents

11. Prevention
• Eating habits
• Avoid alcohol
• Don't smoke
• Maintain a healthy weight
• Exercise regularly
• Manage stress

12. Complications
• Gastrointestinal hemorrhage
• Pernicious anemia
• Increased risk of stomach cancer
• Malnutrition due to lack of appetite, discomfort,
and decreased nutritional intake
• Perforated gastric ulcer, which can lead to
bleeding
• Severe discomfort or pain
• Septecemia

13. Nursing Diagnosis and Nursing
Interventions
1. Pain (acute / chronic) associated with
inflammation or irritation of the gastric mucosa due
to increased gastric acid.
Nursing Interventions for Pain - Gastritis:
• Assess the patient's general condition
• Assess vital signs
• Assess pain scale
• Provide a quiet environment and comfortable
• Teach relaxation techniques
• Analgesic

14. 2. Imbalanced Nutrition, Less than body
requirements related to anorexia and vomiting
Nursing Interventions for Imbalanced Nutrition
Less Than Body Requirements – Gastritis
• Allow clients to choose foods (low-calorie foods are not
allowed)
• Specify the time to eat, serve food, and eating time limit;
inform the client that if the food is not eaten during the time
that has been provided, will be the replacement of other
feeding methods.
• When food is not eaten, do feeding through a tube, (NGT)