The document discusses participatory approaches to education. It describes how participatory approaches aim to solve learners' real-life problems using the target language. Learners bring problems from outside the classroom. It also discusses levels of participation from passive to self-mobilization. The goal is to empower students to understand social forces impacting their lives and take action to gain more control. Participatory processes build ownership and community ties but generally take longer than expert-driven approaches due to the need for agreement.