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1. Intnoobuchon, MateiayhaNe ier
Hheir names O
Vanious ages im Humar
histry vi2
.Stone
2) bon|e age
LYom e
SgotheGe makedol
Smont makeial Ago
1edevelment moiny Technolore
has been hotimtel aJfociated ntb
Age
0 make OuY eistenceSo Cordw table

2. Sutabe rateialy
aCceib;lity
Def ameuteiaul SCience
Tbe
Mate io SCience Cungigh
Te rm
CwOHs y mateticuls anolsueo
t o o
Engnei Toteals
mote als meaoR
ad thtae Que Limiteol o 0y goli
mate ials Sieme refes b physic
IGonces elathgbo Phyncs ol Chemiah
Tn ereva
seen that
Hhe otetal Suence
COncer oed
seuiomship bo he
and their PonoPeuke
bYanch appled Scence uhich
th
Inveshigatim
strutuvej o mateio
Ut
stuol of mateia
Paci cal Purpoze.
cosicaHo raeia
Tre gineering nauelas
TmOs be lai fko
1 metals
o3 dollo
ivon,ol, cu,2n, L te
2lon-metals Aeahe
' ubbe
alonc, sbesto8, Cobm ett10 pm
dolkodalmmldot aod

3. Metalk masyurtey subdvided ag
C1) Fevrousmeta, tne Tron
gsoupohichincduales all 1yPex Tyon
sbeel
Otnd Oe Called feYYOu8 Meta
Cout ison, wrouht îyon, sbeel
alloys e stl:Con steel, highspeed
spi stedrodou/ono imol
oLnd
Non- ro
The Isongsoup
whtch does mutincludex aul Types oism
and steel Colled
Non-feYrou metau.
E Coppex alumimiunm, iok, kod ect,
aundclo ex brats
bvonze,duTalumn
oluYalumim duvable alummiu
L used al o Cu+ Gnet onge4uo =duao
ng moteua 00 ee caunedos
odm
o , 10rg b
UMtals ond alloc ,.sbrep u
c e n A , b u n
Ceramic natouals Mgo,ds, "Lno,
Sic,3hg
Org aniC mateia
oofE plasica, PVC
Ftbers Terglene ylon,
Stothetic Yubbes, Leother
Polythene,
Coltom, Natuva and
etc. r

4. coss icoticn
c Eehioal Ergmeevimg
w mateiale
Uhe Elechico nalmeevima nouteuan
ma be comhe a pes
be
Conducots
2 Semi Concluct0Y
Tngulcato1 ( dieleckwicr)
Magnehc matenal
HO
Pro peier o Elecbvncal matena
PhasiCoroperheA o mouteiOul
The meltig Point oyfheaing Pont
melting ov free g Poimt
Pure mekaJ 1 defined au ompevauhue ar
The
he Solid and Ligud phajes Con eti
in stahe Cguilibrêum, hen a metl
heated to meEma Poimt, hLd pha
moxe heat i8 Supplied
Csmpletel at Contan
oPpeou3 amo
he solidjelE8
d
Temferatuo
ke Freeg ofa Ro 1iqwd on
olher hand, may ehibit tbe phenomem
ndo?

5. Super Coolimg the iqutol in Sgne
Ca be locoeved beono the
CoSes
appeoAance
meltimg Poi otruoitHout Ihe
Cay stal8 Hou evev,
hen Crystala
clo mot appear, The na 980apidly aurme
Temperatuve m e e
tie os moul
-Pomb
uge o merCuY
and ofhe mete vs
The ai&e3 drorp
meteYA
mel Eina
Point The ue
LoO
Tungsten amen
plb
in Candecenb=
Po fible becoune 1
molabah melbim Poim
Boing Poip P)
Boiling Point o a lRuid
me
ie the TempeYoutune at
Vapocu Presuye uals
otmoR phexe The
cohich its
to one
B.P oP metals
Hgh
2inc-90a°C
E1Cop mey Cu
BPP
B.P. o f Cadmum 86S
Dene? o perun
vOu metCaled Dengta

6. In meEncSystem i
deret tie of A ound
mag nestum ond thely alloys ake
The Loco
oke
them Panti uloul Vauabl e
9, Aeronu
Qnd
Trans Po hahon
Ae aneu
helda
a v Co-etfident cf
Eparti
The Co-e flident GRRpunai
Lineoy
of o Solid de hoed as tho
in Lenoth oveach olegree dise im Jemp
Tme se Co-e ictent ne impo tao
ohen t1etaly ane to be eponeo to
Nanale o Temperat
Enene Pi&tona and ohe ocCua
Com8iolerable
&Rttna Mechani&mA
Thevmod Concluceu
the TemalConcuchi y orf a
meta i deBned TheN0 ot kilojouuk
ooul dHos
ien cheat hat
PerSeCondk
S min Cro4- sechon and 1min lengtt
Opecmen me
at Tempoche 1°c
ghocox higho
Svey and COppey
ThermalConclucti hes of all metul

7. German SilNeY e1yhibit ery too
Conclucyity
A metalh are onductov
Eleceviiy. 3lvei6 bext and Copper
next hopY br
i
Eleceiasl Resisivi
The
Registance ofmeta
neapyoC t R Corducivit
ho8e values O m e t a l ue Veny mal
uualngn miCvo ohmS
1 miro Ohm
Thevmo Propehes a materia
thPrma Propertes of matevials
1eloted t t s
Cohich
Conduchvit
hea
dlecidehoco it
iti Subocteoto heat
(etceiye heat o very
neact cohen
uctuation
Loco heat
The mohov Prope tioJ/ae uL
eaEcapaci d/a
2) Ther mal
6TheYma
Epangion
Conductyity
Thermal

8. Heat capa c
The Hea Capoatyo
The
Tmoteo
Canbe
deimed a The
Amount cfhed veqaived
o cham
tb Tomperakuro cfl4omakevial b
onedogee
In
order to CalGdate lhe beat
beat
u t YeO
Capacy ofmoateial
Capacity
dime8ionoMolay heatCapacity o
s e o l .
peccthc heat
Capacitty
C.Ce) cAT
here =)
oUbra
te heat Cap, inJ
m 8 tho maun in
8the Specshc heot
e Chargei
imemp in K
AT
1herma Pangion
lteat Pased roug
/Y
a mouteual ESghar change
uhen
Genevaly, mnaterla enPanda she
heated his Propexhy i Colled
Thev mod EwpCtnRion

9. Tbeve Ca oe a harge o
av@a,
Volume
and shepe the
mateia t
efthe
Tn
Railayocks
h.Railuways
e Pand
due
9712 mo
Osult, 3ot
Cyerne heat
O a
oten
missho ppen u e
Ther mau CondurcHvi
of the
to Conmdu.ctodneat
mateials sth
Propesty oomoteriod
hyogh t8d.
high
heot han e
themol Corduckvb
wi o n d u c t mOYe
one t h Lo Condud6vi t
An
Ala0
isonrod
Condluce
han
noYmo oinduo co
moYO2 heat
aa
Theyma Stre
expeien ced by bol
N hom
The EYe*
ouue to ejthey
911
Conbrcchiom
hemal er pa&im 0Y
Called Theyma SEre 9oTt can be
Poteotzialgdde sbruche im nature
c e mouke he na teial txde
Xov E1 Crack8 Com be Seen on Toady
whove the heat 8 eityame Henl
he CYa C
8OoNegalE 0 bro
hermaN Ftre
becJmes vey Smol

10. MechaniCo Propeshe adeials
Ston5
he shvength onetcd
abili to withatond voviou frces
Subgceod duvimTest orm
usually defnedas
ehich it
SesiCce
Ten
sile stengtb
shhe 9s Sheuv Sbeg-etc
Compve sgi ue shengtb, proo
Ameuteral 18 id to be
Poxfoctl Elastic fthe ohole t e she
disappea smpleb
ProdluCed
on the
by a LOod
1emovaOf l
oElaka of ou4 modulus CE) Ib
oco he oduy
Pro Poxh omally ComtanE b Se ond ghrain
oY elasHe mateal
Tn metheu Cult, modeudun o Easha
f he ault tool and ool holder
oec tyeiy
igdit
0
plasticiyplo.shay ix the Propeytha
furmothoo Pemanant
smadeual Tia Reve8e
nabl the
cefumatigp 10a
plashaky18 uned D
skamy9 moges 0n Cp
Co
and or0amentcl oovk4
aoreM bctne

11. Ductili+eible)
DuCH THhE Ihbe abilitg Cametap
beduna. u e
to oithstandelgotion OY
this Poperty i 3es e moole by
olvadma Outthoegh a hole
6) Mallabii TE is the Propeyk
c h o r o c l e : )
Nisue of cohich
a n m a t e v i a ma
thin
hammered
aY solled
(break
dn
gheeEs
Cothout Yupture break)
TOughne esO jenacity
wil
Teacib 8the styengtb
OPpORes he yuptuve
which h e , material
Bi ttle ness
Loc of ductilty s bYittleness
when a body break3 osilyohen
shock it is Saol tD be Btt
Subjected
bea: 2
Losy tD
d
deoed ay Resishre
pene Eroation. 4Hard-
8 4cidoesS Tt
mout
mout o a
motevial ogistsCratohes 07hoi
ceing
being 6sn oubb ictiom l
ano lse Y bod
Fatigue 0) Cree P

12. Elecbri col pvopeshe mateviala
Ono bes imPo tao Po peFy o
the material i hei ability o
Permito Resizt Slo oF
the
ekcEicity
muterias o be Bed 1n eec eGo
ent CDm be selcke
d on He
o heir
bas
Proper he
C Resi&HN e Conductiv' t
Such os
emp. Co-efl cert of Reistane
sbenghs 2
Ghemoeleciab lps
)Dielechnc
opdo
yord
Resish C Tts O Chanckexish
Propesty otbe mateial of hich
ade. Tt is tbat
Electrial Propenb snautevialchic
theoDducto
tbeloo o
through t yboc19eton
umpeole 0 Resst8
Elecbiat
Resisthvty,-RA

13. oneyo R- Resistance in oh) d
Cnducfoy
E Aea of he Conoucor SecHu
ConducFor
Legth of the
CordectiNiby
onduciyity (o)
The
K E lecl Col
o
iS h
YOGpYoCo
R o s i s h v i t
9P RA
Tempeyatune o-Kcento
oRestece
tt ix
ollomployoc
o
Spect tne
vaiation oRegistiv
ohTempe
atuve
OY
Temp
Co-eft.
Re)s tonce2 Or
Temp
Po -T0
whee 0 ,pesishvat Temp
TempTo
A Po eishvi a
end To ne clegreej kelvin

14. Oclechic shenm T mao be
InsalatinCoPocby of a matterial
9ains high volbogogA
dielecbric i
an in&ula tion
hermo elecbvicity T Too dgtim.b
me tal
ae Joined Ound This Turchon
heated, oSmal voltag
Prauced
is hen
m mlivolEoange
aund t5h8 known O Thermo elechic
ect
W
olber Elec Properhe o ateial
e
Fle chhochemicol Phenoumena - as n o
battei
Eleckro physicol efecks a i ConbactE
Potentials
Eecoechon.co fecks a
edro Rfecks cdo