this is the representation of hydrogen fuel. In this presentation we showed how hydrogen is useful for future consumption of fuel. We know that in the future the non-renewable sources of energy will be extincted so we have to concentrate on conventional sources of energy like solar energy energy, nuclear energy, hydrogen fuel. Because hydrogen is highly combustible and produce large of energy so we consider to use hydrogen fuel in future aspect

1. HYDROGEN
A FUEL FOR TODAY AND TOMORROW
SHAILESH MISHRA
GAURAV PANDEY
MANISH TRIPATHI
MANISH KUMAR SINGH
DEEPAK KUMAR SINGH
MENTOR: DR. D.K. BHALLA

2. HISTORY
The first references to hydrogen fuel cells appeared in 1838. In a letter dated October
1838 but published in the December 1838 edition of The London and Edinburgh
Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science, Welsh physicist and barrister
WILLIAM GROOVE wrote about the development of his first crude fuel cells. He used
a combination of sheet iron, copper and porcelain plates, and a solution of sulphate of
copper and dilute acid. In a letter to the same publication written in December 1838 but
published in June 1839, German physicist Christian Friedrich Schönbein discussed
the first crude fuel cell that he had invented. His letter discussed current generated
from hydrogen and oxygen dissolved in water. Grove later sketched his design, in
1842, in the same journal. The fuel cell he made used similar materials to
today's phosphoric-acid fuel cell

3. •What is Hydrogen?
• Element 1 on the Periodic Table - 1 proton, 1 electron
• Diatomic molecule (H2) - 2 protons, 2 electrons
• Highest energy content of common fuels on a WEIGHT basis
• Lowest energy content of common fuels on a VOLUME basis
• Elemental hydrogen is abundant on earth, but usually bound to carbon or
oxygen
• Abundant throughout the universe (stars are primarily hydrogen)

4. •DIFFERENT HYDROGEN STRUCTURE

5. What is a hydrogen fuel cell?
•Hydrogen fuel cells (HFCs) are a type of
electrochemical cell.
•HFCs generate electricity by reduction
and oxidation reactions within the cell.
•They use three main components, a
fuel, an oxidant and an electrolyte.
•HFCs operate like batteries, although
they require external fuel.
•HFCs are a thermodynamically open
system.
•HFCs use hydrogen as a fuel, oxygen as
an oxidant, a proton exchange
membrane as an electrolyte, and emit
only water as waste.

6. How do they work?
•Fuel (H2) is first transported to
the anode of the cell
•Fuel undergoes the anode
reaction
•Anode reaction splits the fuel
into H+ (a proton) and e-
•Protons pass through the
electrolyte to the cathode
•Electrons can not pass through
the electrolyte, and must travel
through an external circuit which
creates a usable electric current
•Protons and electrons reach the
cathode, and undergo the
cathode reaction

7. •How a Hydrogen Fuel Cell
Works

8. Chemistry behind the technology
Oxidation
At the anode of the cell, a
catalyst (platinum powder)
is used to separate the
proton from the electron in
the hydrogen fuel.
Anode half-reaction:
2H2
 4H+ + 4e-
Eo = 0.00V
Reduction
At the cathode of the cell, a
second catalyst (nickel) is used to
recombine the protons,
electrons, and oxygen atoms to
form water.
Cathode half- reaction:
4H+ + O2 + 4e-  2H2O
Eo = 0.68V
In electrochemistry, the Eo
cell value (energy) of a fuel cell is equal to the Eo of
the cathode half-reaction minus the Eo of the anode half-reaction. For a
hydrogen fuel cell, the two half reactions are shown above. So to calculate the
energy of one fuel cell, we need to subtract the anode energy from the
cathode energy. For a HFC, the Eo
cell = 0.68V – 0.00V which equals 0.68V

9. In this project
we will produce
electricity using
hydrogen fuel.
It helps to run
hydrogen
powered
bicycle
By wikipedia

10. Uses of hydrogen fuel cells
There are many different uses of fuel cells being utilized right now. Some of these
uses are…
•Power sources for vehicles such as cars, trucks, buses and even boats and submarines
•Power sources for spacecraft, remote weather stations and military technology
•Batteries for electronics such as laptops and smart phones
•Sources for uninterruptable power supplies.

11. Problems regarding hydrogen fuel cells
•Lack of hydrogen infrastructure
•Need for refueling stations
•Lack of consumer distribution system
•Cost of hydrogen fuel cells
•2009 Department of Energy estimated $61/kw
•Honda FCX Clarity costs about half a million dollars to make
•Carbon cost of producing hydrogen
•Problems with HFC cars
•Short range (~260 miles)
•Warm up time (~5 minutes)

12. Other Ways to Liberate Hydrogen From Water
• Steam Electrolysis
• Split water with heat, pressure, and electricity
• Thermochemical
• Split water with chemicals and heat
• Photoelectrochemical
• Split water using sunlight directly, or using chemicals
and heat
• Biological
• Split water using organisms

13. Bush Administration’s Hydrogen
Commitment
• 500 metric tons of carbon
saved each year by 2040
• Reduce demand for
oil by 11 million
barrels per day by
2040
• Child born in 2003 to
drive a hydrogen car at age 16

14. Why Hydrogen?
It’s abundant, clean, efficient, and can be derived
from diverse domestic resources.
HIGH EFFICIENCY
& RELIABILITY
ZERO/NEAR ZERO
EMISSIONS
Transportation
.
Distributed
Generation
Biomass
Hydro
Wind
Solar
Geothermal
Nuclear
Oil
Coal
Natural
Gas
With Carbon Sequestration

15. •Hydrogen Storage
• High-pressure storage tanks. Hydrogen
gas can be compressed and stored in
storage tanks at high pressure, but these
tanks must be very strong.
• Liquid hydrogen. Hydrogen can be stored
as a liquid. In this form, more hydrogen
can be stored per volume, but it must be
kept at very cold temperature (about -
253° C).

16. Fuel leak simulation
Hydrogen on left
Gasoline on right
Equivalent energy
release
•Hydrogen Safety
Hydrogen Gasoline
Three
Second
seconds
One minute

17. •Flexibility Of Use
Transportation
Desired range can be achieved with on-board hydrogen
storage (unlike Battery Electric Vehicle)
Can be used in internal combustion engines
Trains, automobiles, buses, and ships
Buildings
Combined heat, power, and fuel
Reliable energy services for critical applications
Grid independence
Industrial Sector
Already plays an important role as a chemical
Opportunities for additional revenue streams

18. •So– why hydrogen?
• Energy security
• Diverse domestic sources
• Flexibility of system
• Economic security
• International leadership in technical
• development and deployment
• Price stability
• Environmental security
• Potential to meet GHG targets
• Urban air quality improvements
• Reduction in air pollutants

20. Why India Should Think About
Hydrogen
As estimation of use of crude oil state that the fossil
fuel will extinct till 2100 A.D.
At present , In a setback for the government’s
grand plan to cut down the current account deficit
(CAD), through containing the outflow of dollars and
saving around $8.47 billion on crude oil imports from
Iran, the Persian Gulf country has turned down India’s
request for accepting full rupee payment for oil
imports.

21. Conclusion
• Hydrogen fuel cells will dramatically
change our cars, homes and businesses
are powered and heated, and it both
positively and negatively change places
like the Middle East and third world
countries. They will also clean up the
world’s air.

22. Any
query ?????

23. Thank you