The Reproductive System

The Reproductive System Chapter 21

Overview ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The Gonads ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The Gametes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Sperm Contains Enzymes Contains Mitochondria Contains DNA

Ovum Contains DNA Contains Mitochondria, and all other typical cell parts Cell Membrane

Gamete Transport ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Fluids ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Fluids ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Fluids ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Hormones ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Male Hormone Regulation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Female Hormone Regulation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Note: Progesterone has its own control mechanism – similar to the one shown here for estrogen

Female Hormone Regulation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

A few more details… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Pregnancy ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Stage 1: Fertilization ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Stage 2: Division ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],IUD / RU486 – “morning after pill”

Stage 3: Early Blastocyst ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Stage 4: Implantation Begins ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Stage 5: Implantation Completed ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Stage 6: Gastrulation Begins ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Stage 7: Gastrulation Completed ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Stage 8: Neurulation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Stage 9: Appearance of Somites ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Stage 10: Appearance of Eyes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Stage 11: Heart Beats ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Stage 12: Face and Neck Form ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Stage 13: Mouth and Tongue Visible ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Stage 14: Throat Systems Formed ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Stage 15: Intestinal Tracts Form ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Stage 16: Urinary Tract Formed ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Stage 17: Four-Chamber Heart ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Stage 18: Eyelids Develop ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Stage 19: First Brain Waves ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Stage 20: Sex Recognizable ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Stage 21: Fingers Separate ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Stage 22: Brain Controls Muscles ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Stage 23: Senses Completed ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Abortion still “legal” up to 12 weeks after this point!

From Zygote to Embryo to Fetus... ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The Birthing Process ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The Birth Canal ,[object Object]

Birth Control and Contraception

What is Birth Control? ,[object Object],[object Object]

What is Contraception? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Modern Birth Control Methods ,[object Object],[object Object]

Barrier Methods ,[object Object],[object Object]

1. Male Condoms ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The male condom is a sheath that is placed over the penis to prevent ejaculated semen from entering the vagina.

2. Diaphragms ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Diaphragms are placed along the back wall of the vagina prior to intercourse. It creates an obstacle for sperm trying to enter the uterus.

3. Cervical Caps ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The cervical cap functions similarly to the diaphragm. It attaches to the neck of the uterus via suction. This essentially covers the opening in the cervix.

4. Female Condoms ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The female condom has two ends. The closed end has a flexible ring that is fixed in the vagina, while the open end remains partly outside the vagina. It functions much like its male counterpart.

Hormonal Methods ,[object Object],[object Object]

1. Oral “Contraceptives” ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],“ The Pill” and “The Mini-Pill” use the hormones estrogen and progesterone to mimic pregnancy - thus preventing ovulation.

2. Implants ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Norplant, a set of tiny rods, is implanted in a woman’s arm by a surgical procedure. Depo-Provera is an injection . Both release the same hormones as “The Pill” for the same overall effect.

Spermicidal Methods ,[object Object],[object Object]

1. Foams, Creams, and Jellies ,[object Object],Contraceptive foam is a light mixture of spermicide and air, which is inserted into the vagina with an applicator. Spermicidal creams and jellies are identical to foam except in texture.

2. Contraceptive Sponge ,[object Object],[object Object],The contraceptive sponge, which looks similar to a diaphragm, is a synthetic sponge coated with spermicide.

Intrauterine Devices (IUDs) ,[object Object],[object Object],Intrauterine devices, or IUDs, are small T-shaped devices inserted into a woman’s uterus by a physician.

Fertility Awareness Methods ,[object Object],[object Object]

The Abstinence Method ,[object Object],[object Object]

Surgical Methods ,[object Object]

For Men... ,[object Object],[object Object]

For Women... ,[object Object],[object Object]

So Which Method is Best? ,[object Object],[object Object]

The Reproductive System

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