Drive theory and Needs theory can explain an instructor's dull teaching style and help motivate them to improve. Drive theory suggests intrinsic and extrinsic motivations influence behavior. Needs theory proposes fulfilling psychological and self-fulfillment needs encourages motivation. A student could appeal to an instructor's intrinsic desire to teach effectively and help students learn. They could also emphasize how livelier classes satisfy higher-level needs for growth and purpose. Overall, understanding an instructor's motivations using these theories may help create constructive dialogue to enhance course engagement.