This ppt is designed for 5th grade and covers the division of land by Spain and Portugal as a result of the Treaty of Tordesillas, the search for gold, and the effects of smallpox on the native peoples.

2. Guiding questions
 How did Spain and Portugal agree to share the new
territory?
 How did Spain and Portugal treat the natives?
 How were the natives affected by the Europeans?
 What were the natural resources they found?
 Who were the Jesuits and how did they effect colonization?
 How did Spain govern their colonial territory?

3. Christopher Columbus
 Convinced the king and queen of Spain to fund his
exploration of new trade routes to India
 Columbus is given rights, by the church, to control all the
new American territory
 Spain and Portugal compete for new territory

4. Treaty of Tordesillas
 Pope tries to keep the peace between the two by
dividing up the new territory using longitude
 Spain focuses all it’s efforts in the New World, west of
the treaty line
 Meanwhile, Portugal sends most of it’s fleet to Asia

5. Laws of Burgos
 Natives had been treated badly in the West Indies,
therefore…
 Spain made laws about the treatment of the natives in the
Amercias, in 1512
 Natives were not to be treated “badly”
 Rather, Natives should be converted to Catholicism, and are
not allowed to practice some of their own beliefs (such as
poligamy)
 Also, Natives and colonists should live together in harmony

6. Unfortunately…
 The Laws of Burgos were poorly
enforced and mostly ignored
 In 1530 silver was found in Mexico, and
in 1545 silver was found in Bolivia
 With these discoveries, all the intended
good treatment of the natives was
forgotten in their greed!

7. The White Man’s Disease
 Some of the African slaves brought by Columbus to
be used on the sugar plantation of the West Indies
carried the smallpox virus. In 1495, fifty-seven to
eighty percent of the native population of Santa
Domingo, and in 1515, two-thirds of the Indians of
Puerto Rico were wiped out by smallpox. Ten years
after
 When Cortez arrived in Mexico, the native population
dropped from 25 million to 6 million; a reduction of
64%.

8. Spain in South America
 Driven by GOLD, GOD, AND GLORY!!
 Balboa set up the first colony in South America (Columbia)
in 1502 along the west coast
 Colonists were looking for gold and other natural resources
to exploit
 Priests (Franciscan, Dominican, and Jesuit) were sent to
convert the natives, by order of the church

9. How it worked…
 Spain sets up two viceroys to
govern the colonies. These
viceroys were wealthy
friends of the king who were
given permission to govern
any way they chose.
 The viceroy’s mission was to:
govern large areas and do the
will of the crown.
 These viceroys were often
corrupt and did not govern
justly. (This corruption later
leads to revolt!)
Viceroy Alba

10. The Jesuits
 The Jesuit priests
controlled “reduction
centers” where the
natives could be
easily
converted, taxed, and
governed
 Jesuits are forced to
leave because they
blocked the greedy
efforts of the Spanish!

11. Spain begins to weaken…
 Spain’s military begins to weaken because they
lost the war with England, Holland, and France
 Spain is also distracted by the Spanish
Inquisition
 Lost the monopoly of natural resources
 Therefore, Colonies grow more independent
from Spain
 This sets the stage for future revolts against
Spain

12. Portugal
 Cabral discovers the east
coast of present-day Brazil
while trying to find a water
route to India
 However, Portugal ignored
it for 25 years, while it
established more control
over the East Indies.

13.  However, they did
desire the natural
resources of wood and
sugar
 This led to establishing
colonies, enslaving the
natives as well as
importing slaves from
Africa.
 Portuguese colonists
and Jesuits from Brazil
settle west of the treaty
line to search for
converts and new land
aquisitions

14. Do You Remember?
 How did Spain and Portugal agree to share the new
territory?
 How did Spain and Portugal treat the natives?
 How were the natives affected by the Europeans?
 What were the natural resources they found?
 Who were the Jesuits and how did they effect colonization?
 How did Spain govern their colonial territory?