1. Cloud computing
Cloud Computing
Name: SHILPA BOJJI,
Roll no.: 14HD1F0034,
Department of MCA,
Sri sai college of IT & management,
Kadapa.
ABSTRACT
Cloud computing – a relatively recent term, defines the paths ahead in computer
science world. Being built on decades of research it utilizes all recent achievements in
virtualization, distributed computing, utility computing, and networking. It implies a
service oriented architecture through offering software’s and platforms as services,
reduced information technology overhead for the end-user, great flexibility, reduced total
cost of ownership, on demand services and many other things. Resource sharing in a pure
plug and play model that dramatically simplifies infrastructure planning is the promise of
‘cloud computing’. This paper explores some of the basics of cloud computing with the
aim of introducing aspects such as Components in the model Categories and Usage of the
model and it flexibility by using cloud services.
INTRODUCTION
Cloud Computing has emerged as
the new industry buzzword. While there
are several definitions of what constitutes
a Cloud and what the term Cloud
Computing really means, simply put,
Cloud Computing allows users to tap into
a virtually unlimited pool of computing
resources over the Internet "Internet
Computing." (or) it may also be called as
a pool of scalable IT-enabled capabilities
which can be utilized over the internet
(cloud) as a service.
It is unlike grid computing, utility
computing, or autonomic computing. In
fact, it is a very independent platform in
terms of computing. The best example of
cloud computing is Google Apps where
any application can be accessed using a
browser and it can be deployed on
thousands of computer through the
Internet. Cloud backups are more
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accessible, faster to restore under most
circumstances, and more reliable. The
name cloud computing was inspired by
the cloud symbol that's often used to
represent the Internet in flow charts and
diagrams.
COMPARISIONS
Cloud computing can be confused with:
1. Grid computing—"a form of
distributed computing whereby a
'super and virtual computer' is
composed of a cluster of
networked, loosely coupled
computers, acting in concert to
perform very large tasks";
2. Utility computing—the
"packaging of computing
resources, such as computation
and storage, as a metered service
similar to a traditional public
utility such as electricity".
3. Autonomic computing
—"computer systems capable of
self-management".
CLOUD ARCHITECTURE
Cloud computing architecture,
just like any other system, is categorized
into two main sections: Front End and
Back End. Front End can be end user or
client or any application (i.e. web
browser etc.) which is using cloud
services. Back End is the network of
servers with any computer program and
data storage system. It is usually assumed
that cloud contains infinite storage
capacity for any software available in
market. Cloud has different applications
that are hosted on their own dedicated
server farms. Cloud has centralized
server administration system. Centralized
server administers the system, balances
client supply, adjusts demands, monitors
traffic and avoids congestion. This server
follows protocols, commonly known as
middleware. Middleware controls the
communication of cloud network among
them.
fig1. Architecture of cloud computing
Cloud Architecture runs on a very
important assumption, which is mostly
true. The assumption is that the demand
for resources is not always consistent
from client to cloud. Because of this
reason the servers of cloud are unable to
run at their full capacity. To avoid this
scenario, server virtualization technique
is applied. In sever virtualization, all
physical servers are virtualized and they
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3. Cloud computing
run multiple servers with either same or
different application. As one physical
server acts as multiple physical servers, it
curtails the need for more physical
machines. As a matter of fact, data is the
most important part of cloud computing;
thus, data security is the top most priority
in all the data operations of cloud. Here,
all the data are backed up at multiple
locations. This astoundingly increases the
data storage to multiple times in cloud
compared with a regular system.
Redundancy of data is crucial, which is a
must-have attribute of cloud computing.
Clouds often appear as single points of
access for all consumers' computing
needs. Commercial offerings are
generally expected to meet quality of
service (QoS) requirements of customers
and typically offer SLAs. Open standards
are critical to the growth of cloud
computing, and open source software has
provided the foundation for many cloud
computing implementations.
COMPONENTS OF A CLOUD
Cloud computing is a paradigm
shift in the way scalable applications are
architected and Delivered. Since decades,
enterprises have spent time and resources
building an infrastructure that could
provide them a competitive advantage. In
most cases this approach resulted in:
 Large tracts of unused computing
capacity
 Dedicated resources for server
maintenance
 Risk mitigation & energy
utilization
 High cost for build, acquire, own
& maintain (Total cost of
ownership)
Fig 2: components of a cloud
With cloud computing, excess
computing capacity can be put to use and
be profitably sold to consumers. This
transformation of computing and IT
infrastructure into a utility, which could
be available to all, is the basis of cloud
computing. It forces competition based
on innovation rather than computing
resources. There are different colored
clouds present in the computing space
today which could be classified into the
following components:
 Infrastructure: Cloud
Infrastructure is the concept of
providing `hardware as a service`
i.e. shared/reusable hardware for
a specific time of service.
Example includes virtualization,
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grid computing, and
paravirtualization.
 Storage: Cloud Storage is the
concept of separating data from
processing and storing in a
remote place. Cloud Storage also
includes database services.
Examples are Google’s BigTable,
Amazon’s Simple DB etc.
 Platform: A Cloud Platform is a
service for application
deployment and managing the
required hardware & software
needs. This could be a single
service platform or a solution
stack. Examples include Web
application frameworks, Web
hosting etc.
 Application: A Cloud
Application is an offering of
software architecture that
eliminates the need to install, run
and maintain an application at the
user’s desktop/device.It
eliminates the cost/resources
required to maintain and/or
support applications.
 Services: A Cloud Service is an
independent piece of software
which can be used in conjunction
with other services to achieve an
interoperable machine-to-
machine interaction over the
network. Examples include
Amazon’s Simple Queue Service,
Google maps, Amazon’s flexible
payment service etc.
 Client: Cloud Client is a
requester software or hardware
device which tries to utilize cloud
computing services over the
network. The client device could
be a Web browser, PC, laptop or
mobile etc.
TYPES OF CLOUD
• Public cloud: Public cloud or
external cloud describes cloud
computing in the traditional
mainstream sense, whereby
resources are dynamically
provisioned on a fine-grained,
self-service basis over the
Internet, via web applications
/web services, from an off-site
third-party provider who shares
resources and bills on a fine-
grained utility computing basis. A
public cloud sells services to
anyone on the Internet.
(Currently, Amazon Web
Services is the largest public
cloud provider.)
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Fig 3: types of cloud
• Hybrid cloud: A hybrid cloud
environment consisting of
multiple internal and/or external
providers "will be typical for
most enterprises".
• Private cloud: A private cloud is
a proprietary network or a data
center that supplies hosted
services to a limited number of
people. When a service provider
uses public cloud resources to
create their private cloud, the
result is called a virtual private
cloud. Private or public, the goal
of cloud computing is to provide
easy, scalable access to
computing resources and IT
services.
CATEGORIES OF CLOUD
SERVICES
Cloud computing is a general term
for anything that involves delivering
hosted services over the Internet. These
services are broadly divided into three
categories:
• Infrastructure-as-a-Service:
Like Amazon Web Services
provides virtual server instances
with unique IP addresses and
blocks of storage on demand.
Customers use the provider's
application program interface
(API) to start, stop, access and
configure their virtual servers and
storage. In the enterprise, cloud
computing allows a company to
pay for only as much capacity as
is needed. It is sometimes
referred to as utility computing.
• Platform-as-a-service: It is
defined as a set of software and
product development tools hosted
on the provider's infrastructure.
• Software-as-a-service: In this
cloud model, the vendor supplies
the hardware infrastructure, the
software product and interacts
with the user through a front-end
portal. SaaS is a very broad
market. Services can be anything
from Web-based email to
inventory control and database
processing.
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KEY CHARACTERISTICS
Cloud computing is cost-
effective. Here, cost is greatly reduced as
initial expense and recurring expenses
are much lower than traditional
computing. Maintenance cost is reduced
as a third party maintains everything
from running the cloud to storing data.
Cloud is characterized by features such
as platform, location and device
independency, which make it easily
adoptable for all sizes of businesses, in
particular small and mid-sized. However,
owing to redundancy of computer system
networks and storage system cloud may
not be reliable for data, but it scores well
as far as security is concerned. In cloud
computing, security is tremendously
improved because of a superior
technology security system, which is
now easily available and affordable. Yet
another important characteristic of cloud
is scalability, which is achieved through
server virtualization.In a nutshell, cloud
computing means getting the best
performing system with the best value
for money.
Adavntages of cloud computing
NIST recenly published a working draft
of the cloud computing security
presentation.Some of the Security
Advantages mentioned in the
presentation are:
1.) Shifting data to an external cloud
reduces the exposure of the
internal sensitive data
2.) Cloud homogenity makes security
auditing/testing simpler
3.) Clouds enable automated security
4.) Redundancy/Disaster Recovery
5.) Data fragmentation and Dispersal
6.) Dedicated security Team
7.) Greater investment in security
infrastructure
8.) Fault tolerancecand reliability
9.) Greater resiliency
Disadvantages:
* Needs Constant high speed
internet connection
* Subject to Security issues –Data
is not so secure since it is on
remote servers
* May not work with slow internet
connections
* Limited Features for service
aspirants
APPLICATIONS
The applications of cloud computing are
practically limitless. With the right
middleware, a cloud computing system
could execute all the programs a normal
computer could run. Potentially,
everything from generic word processing
software to customized computer
programs designed for a specific
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company could work on a cloud
computing system.
• Clients would be able to access
their applications and data from
anywhere at any time. They could
access the cloud computing
system using any computer linked
to the internet.
• Cloud computing systems would
reduce the need for advanced
hardware on the client side.
• Corporations that rely on
computers have to make sure they
have the right software in place to
achieve goals. Cloud computing
systems give these organizations
company-wide access to
computer applications.
CONCLUSION
Exciting developments taking place in the area of Cloud Computing present new
opportunities for enterprises. By introducing the capability to backup databases in the
Cloud in a secure and efficient manner, Oracle is leading the effort to make the Cloud
relevant to enterprises. Backups in the Cloud provide enterprises with a next-generation
offsite backup storage solution that is always accessible, faster to restore under most
circumstances, and more reliable.
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