full presentation on tenses.

1. TENSES

2. TENSES
• SIMPLE
PRESENT •
•
CONTINUOUS / PROGRESSIVE
PERFECT / PARTICPLE
• PERFECT CONTINUOUS
• SIMPLE
PAST •
•
CONTINUOUS / PROGRESSIVE
PERFECT / PARTICPLE
• PERFECT CONTINUOUS
• SIMPLE
FUTURE •
•
CONTINUOUS / PROGRESSIVE
PERFECT / PARTICPLE
• PERFECT CONTINUOUS

3. SIMPLE PRESENT
MEANING
• describe an action that’s happening at present.
• express general statements of facts and
general truth.
• talking about present feelings, thoughts and
ideas.
• express habitual / everyday activities.

4. Examples :
1) Alia bakes chocolate cake for her mother 45th
birthday .
2) The average person breathes 21,600 times a
day.
3) He says the football team from the country is
good.
4) My mother washes the clothes every day.

5. PRESENT CONTINUOUS
MEANING
• expressing an action / activity that is in progress
at the moment of speaking.
FORM
• subject + verb to BE ( is , am , are ) + verb(+ing)

6. Subject Verb to BE Verb (+ing)
I am listening to the music.
He
She is walking to school.
Mary
You
They are running around the field.
We
Alia and Robert
It is sleeping under the table.

7. Examples;
• I need an umbrella because it is raining.
• She is explaining about her work while her
friends are doing some other works.

8. EXERCISE
Put the verbs into the correct tense (simple present or
present progressive).
is leaving
1. Look! He (leave) __________ the house.
am writing
2. Quiet please! I (write) __________ a test.
walks
3. She usually (walk) __________ to school.
is going
4. But look! Today she (go) __________ by bike.
goes
5. Every Sunday we (go) __________ to see my
grandparents.

9. PRESENT PERFECT
MEANING
• shows that action was recently completed.
FORM
• Subject + verb to HAS / HAVE + past participle
• put another word ( ADVERB OF FREQUENCY )
after has / have
• just , already , not , never , always , often ,
nearly , almost .

10. Subject Verb to HAS / HAVE Past participle
I Have just taken these subjects.
He
She has not seen that film.
Mary
You
They have never finished their
We homework on time.
Alia and Robert
It has already eaten all the food.

11. Examples;
• I haven’t attended any parties since I came to
this city. I don’t know anyone here.
• She has just bought some tickets for the
match .

12. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
MEANING
• Expresses a continuous that has been finished at
some point in the past and it continues to
happen.
• Often used ‘ for ’ or ‘ since ’ to describe how
long something has been happening up to now.
FORM
• Subject + verb to HAS / HAVE + BEEN +
verb(+ing)

13. Subject Verb to HAS / Been Verb (+ing)
HAVE
I have listening to the music since
seven o’clock.
He
She has walking to school since
Mary primary school.
You been
They have running around the field for
We 15 minutes.
Alia and
Robert
It has sleeping under the table.

14. Examples;
• It’s been raining all day and my mother couldn’t
go to work.
• My back hurts, so I have been sleeping on a pad
on the floor lately.
• He has been living at Bangkok with his
grandparents since he left school.

15. 1. Have you not taken
A: (you/take) _________________the dog for a walk yet?
have been working
B: I (work) __________________all day. I (come / just)
______________ home from work and
Have just come
have not had
I (have/not) _____________the time yet to walk the dog.
2. has the dog been
A: How long (the dog/be) _______________ home alone?
have not walked
B: For about 6 hours. You (walk / not)______________ the
dog for a long time. Don't you want to go?
3. have not been lazing
A: Well, I (laze/not) ___________________ about all day
either, you know. I have a very important meeting tomorrow and I
have not finished
still (finish/not)________________ my presentation.
B: Okay, I will go then. Where (you/put) _____________
have you put
collar and leash?

16. PAST SIMPLE
MEANING
• talk about actions or situations that were completed in the
past.
• used with time expressions such as these:
yesterday, last week, in the 1980s, three weeks ago, for a
long time .
• Regular verb , base +ed
walked , talked , enjoyed
• irregular verb , special simple past forms
speak – spoke , sing – sang , cut – cut , write - wrote

17. Subject Verb to
be have do
I was had did
He was had did
She was had did
You were had did
They were had did
We were had did
It was had did

18. Examples;
1. They were in London from Monday to Thursday of last
week.
2. He arrived from the airport at 8:00, checked into the
hotel at 9:00, and met the others at 10:00.
3. He waited for them at the bridge
4. All of us hitched a ride to San Francisco.
5. Zulaikha stayed in Perlis for a week.

19. PAST CONTINUOUS
MEANING
• describes actions or events in a time before
now, which began in the past and was still
going on at the time of speaking.
• often, to describe the background in a story
written in the past tense.
eg : The sun was shining and the birds were
singing as the elephant came out of the jungle.

20. • to describe an unfinished action that was
interrupted by another event or action.
eg : I was having a beautiful dream when the
alarm clock rang.
• to express a change of mind.
eg : I was going to spend the day at the beach
but I've decided to go on an excursion instead.
FORM
• Subject + verb to BE + verb( +ing )

21. Subject Verb to BE Verb (+ing)
I was listening to the music.
He
She was walking to school.
Mary
You
They running around the field.
We were
Alia and Robert
It Was sleeping under the table.

22. Examples :
• They were waiting for the bus when the accident
happened.
• He was angry because the girls weren’t looking at him.
• I was wondering why everybody was pushing one
another.
• The crowd wasn’t moving where you were.
• I was calling you as you were calling me.

23. Exercise;
1. My brother and sister (argue) _____about something
when I (walk) _____into the room.
2. While Mrs. Emerson (read) _____ the little boy a
story , he (fall) _____ asleep, so she (close) _____the
book and quietly (sneak) _____out of the room.
3. I really enjoyed my last vacation. While it (snow)
_____ in Iowa, the sun (shine) _____ in Florida.
While you (shovel) _____ snow in Iowa all last week ,
I (lie) _____ on a beach in Florida.

24. Answers :
1. were arguing , walked
2. Was reading , fell , closed , sneaked
3. snowed , shined , were shoveling , was
laying

25. PAST PERFECT
MEANING;
• Past perfect tenses expresses: (a) action completed in the
past; or (b) Action completed in the past when or before
another action happened then.
FORM;
• Subject + had + Past participle

26. Subject HAD Past participle
I had followed his orders.
He
She had broken the window to the class.
Mary
You
They had jumped into conclusions about
We the whole situation.
Alia and
Robert
It had Had not slept from dusk till
dawn.

27. Example;
• By last may, it had broken down thrice.
• Xioa Li had wanted it repaired long before.
• At that time, they had promised a quick job.
• When I asked, we had already waited a month.
• Ain had already slept while waiting for Shiqin
to come home.

28. Exercise;
had seen
1. I knew that I (see) _______ her somewhere in
college.
2. The security guard said that he (unlock) __________
had unlocked
the gate by mistake.
3. After we (finish) had finished our work we went
__________
home.
had found
4. She told us she _________the answer.
had not written
5. We all knew that Zain _____________ the letter.

29. PAST PERFECT CONTINOUS.
MEANING;
• We use part perfect continuous to talk about
something that happened before other past
actions, and to stress that the action continued
for some time.
FORM:
• Subject + Had been + verb(+ing)

30. Subject had Been Verb (+ing)
I had listening to the music since
seven o’clock.
He
She had in love with him/her ever
Mary since high school.
You been
They had running around the field for
We 15 minutes.
Alia and
Robert
It had sleeping under the table.

31. Example;
• The doctor said I was ill because I had been eating too
much junk food.
• Alice is not well because she had not been sleeping
well.
• Mimi collapsed to the ground because she had been
standing under the sun for too long.
• The students had been rejoicing all the while.
• The government had not been keeping up with the
progress of the people.

32. 1. Shamsul was tired because he (work) Had been
_______
working
_______all day.
2. I felt upset because my boss (criticize)Had been
_______
criticizing
_________my work.
3. May (study) had been studying
______________for six hours, so
took a break.
4. It (not rain) ________________much and the
had not been raining
grass was brown.
5. I wondered why my cat was ill. (it eat) Had it
______
been eating
_________dead birds?

33. Future simple
MEANING:
• The simple future tense is formed by combining Shall
(for the first person subject) or will, as the helping verb,
with the infinitive form of the main verb. It expresses
actions that is intended or expected to happen at
sometime in the future, such as afterwards, soon,
tomorrow, next year.
FORM: Subject + be going to/will + future action

34. Subject Be going to / will Verb
I am going to /will listen to the music.
He
She is going to/ will walk to school.
Mary
You
They Are going to / Run around the field.
We will
Alia and Robert
It Is going to/ will sleep under the table.

35. Example;
• Suraya mentioned that she will call me tomorrow.
• I am going to decline the offer as soon as I get a new
one.
• She has no idea what I will do to her once she gets
home.
• There is no other person eligible enough, we are going
to petition for this.
• I am going to Ivershuriyas house for Deepavali next
week.

36. Exercise;
are you going to do/will you do
1. A. What (you, do) _________________________
this afternoon?
B. I (work) am going to work/will work on my
______________________
report.
2. A. Where (Alex,be) is Alex going to be/will Alex be
________________________
later tonight?
is going to be/will be
B. He (be) __________________Kim’s house
is going to show/ will show
3. Anna (show) _______________________her
paintings to us next week.

37. Future continuous
MEANING:
• the future continuous tense is formed by combining
three verbs: Shall (for the first person subject) or will as
the first helping verb; the infinitive Be as the second
helping verb; and the Continuous participle of the main
verb
FORM:
• Subject + Shall/Will + be + Continuous Participle

38. Subject Shall/will + Verb ( +ing )
be
I shall be listening to the music.
He
She will be walking to school.
Mary
You
They will be Running around the field.
We
Alia and Robert
It will be sleeping under the table.

39. Example;
• The concert will be playing next week.
• Wani and Ira will be sleeping when we return.
• We shall be going to Bandung at the end of the month.
• The wind will be blowing as we cross the sea.
• Ms. Kala will be lecturing for 3 hours.

40. Exercise;
will be driving
1. Diana (drive) _____________ to the company while
I call to inform them now.
will be presenting
2. Fahrim (present) ________________ throughout
next week.
will be moving
3. Junaidah (move) ____________ colleges at the end
of the semester.
will be crying
4. She (crying) ____________ once she finds out that
Firdaus is cheating on her.
will be laughing
5. I (laugh)_____________ so much if you fall off the
stage.

41. FUTURE PERFECT
MEANING:
• the future continuous tense is formed by
combining three verbs: Shall (for the first person
subject) or will as the first helping verb; the
infinitive Have as the second helping verb; and
the perfect participle of the main verb
FORM:
• Subject + Shall/Will + have + perfect Participle

42. Subject Shall/will have Perfect participle
I will have listened to the music.
He
She will have walked to school.
Mary
You
They will have ran around the field.
We
Alia and Robert
It will have slept under the table.

43. Example;
• I shall have everything done by June.
• Will yuni have achieved her dream by then?
• It will have been worth all her sweat and tears.
• We won’t (will not) have finished the assignments
by dawn!.
• Will the train have left before he reaches here?

44. Exercise;
1. Come spring, the birds (return)Will have returned_
____________
from the south.
Will have gone
2. This bus (gone)______________ when the next
arrives.
Will have been
3. By Eid, she (been) ___________ here for a year.
Will Have ended
4. ______ her English course (end) ________ so soon?
Will have grown
5. The grass (grown) _____________ under my feet by
then.

45. Future Perfect Continuous
MEANING:
• We use future perfect continuous to talk about
something will happen after other future actions,
and to stress that the action continued for some
time.
FORM
• Subject + will have been + verb (past participle
form)

46. Subject Will have been Verb
I will have been listening to the music.
He
She will had been walking to school.
Mary
You
They will have been Running around the field.
We
Alia and Robert
It will have been sleeping under the table.

47. Example;
• You will have been travelling for two days..
• she will have been using the car.
• You will have been working for four hours.
• We will not have been waiting long.
• Will they have been watching television?

48. Exercise;
will have been living
1. By the end of the month I (live) _______________
in this town for ten years.
2. By the end of this week we (work)
will have been working
_________________on the project for a month.
will have been studying
3. By July the fifth they (study) ________________
English for three years.
will have been sleeping
4. She (sleep) _________________ for 10 hours by 11
o’clock.
5. They (wait) will have been waiting for the president for
_______________
5 hours.