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醜い家鴨の仔の定理 Ugly duckling theorem 2010/02/04 id:shiumachi
醜い家鴨の仔の定理とは? ,[object Object]
理論物理学者の渡辺慧により提唱。
証明(1) 事前準備 A B α 2 α 1 α 3 α 4 ,[object Object]
部分集合が4つ生じ、それぞれα 1 ,α 2 ,α 3 ,α 4 とする
証明(2) 述語の一覧 ,[object Object],述語 述語 述語 Φ ( 空集合 ) α1∪α3 α1∪α2∪α4 α1 α1∪α4 α1∪α3∪α4 α2 α2∪α3 α2∪α3∪α4 α3 α2∪α4 U ( 全体集合 ) α4 α3∪α4 α1∪α2 α1∪α2∪α3
証明(3) 「醜い」「アヒルの子」  A B α 2 α 1 α 3 α 4 ,[object Object],X Y
証明(4) 共有する述語 ,[object Object]
X、Yはこれらの述語で表現される場合には同一の集合に属する、つまり似ていると言える 述語 述語 述語 Φ ( 空集合 ) α1∪α3 α1∪α2∪α4 α1 α1∪α4 α1∪α3∪α4 α2 α2∪α3 α2∪α3∪α4 α3 α2∪α4 U ( 全体集合 ) α4 α3∪α4 α1∪α2 α1∪α2∪α3
証明(5) ラスト ,[object Object]
つまり、部分集合をどのように選択しても、それらの部分集合を包含する別の集合の数は等しくなる。
上記の説明は特徴を表す集合の数をn個に拡張しても成り立つ。
従って、任意の2つの「もの」は、同程度の類似度を持っている。[証明終わり]
例 ,[object Object]
このとき、「りんご」と「ダンボール箱」と「ポスト」を比較すると、どれがどれだけ似ているのだろうか。
例の図解 A B α 2 α 1 α 3 α 4 ,[object Object],りんご ポスト 段ボール箱

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Ugly Duckling Theorem