15. ROOT
TAP ROOT FIBROUS ROOT
• Tap root is the single main
root .
• Several smaller roots grow
from the taproot.
• Examples: bean, mustard,
carrot
• Comprises of number of roots that
grows
from the lower end of the stem.
• Looks like a mass of fibres.
• Examples: grass, wheat and onion.
16.
17. FUNCTIONS OF THE ROOT
• It fixes the plant firmly in the soil.
• It holds the soil together.
• It absorbs water and minerals from the soil.
• Store food prepared by the plants.
• Ex: carrot, radish and turnip.
20. STEM
• Main part of the shoot system.
• Grows above the ground and supports the upper
parts of a plant.
• Stems can be strong as in trees called trunk.
• Shrubs have thin woody stems.
• Herbs have several soft and thin stems.
• Creepers have soft and weak stems.
21.
22. FUNCTIONS OF THE STEM
• It holds the plant upright and straight.
• It bears branches, leaves, flowers and
fruits.
• It helps in transportation of water and
food.
• Some plants stores food in their stems
examples: sugar cane, potato and
ginger.
24. LEAF
• Leaf is the thin, flat and usually green part that grows from the
plant’s stem or branch.
25. PARTS OF A LEAF
• LEAF LAMINA OR LEAF BLADE – flat and broad part.
• PETIOLE OR STALK - Links the leaf to the stem or branch
- Provides passage for water and minerals
• MIDRIB - The line running in the middle of the leaf.
• VEINS - Tiny channels that run all over the leaf.
• STOMATA - Small openings in the leaves.
- help in the exchange of gases.
- lose extra water through stomata
28. SHAPES OF LEAVES
Large leaf
of
banana
Small leaf of rose
Long leaves
Of Ashoka
Needle like
Leaves of pine
29. FUNCTIONS OF LEAVES
• Photosynthesis.
- most of the leaves are green in color because of chlorophyll pigment.
- The process by which green leaves in the presence of sunlight take carbon
dioxide from the air and combine it with water to make food.
• Helps in exchange of gases.
• Some leaves store food.
Example: Cabbage, Lettuce and Spinach
33. FLOWERS
• Flowers are the most colorful part of the plant.
• They grow on the stem.
• They differ in color, shape and size.
34.
35.
36.
37. FUNCTIONS OF FLOWER
• It develops into fruits.
• It makes the plant look pretty and attractive.
• Its bright color, pleasant smell and sweet nectar attracts birds,
bees and insects.
• It helps a plant to reproduce.
38. PETAL : The soft and the brightly colored part of a flower.
It produces scent to attract or keep away insects.
SEPAL : The green part that lies under the petal and supports it.
It provides protection to the flower in the bud stage.
40. FRUIT
• A flower turns into a fruit.
• Fruit is the fleshy eatable part of the plant.
• It contains seeds in it.
• Different fruits contain different types and numbers of seeds.
• For example: Apple - few seeds
Mango - single seed
pomegranate - many small seeds
43. SEED
• Seeds are the small hard structures produced by the plants.
• They are enclosed inside the fruits.
• Seeds come in different sizes, shapes and colors.
47. FUNCTIONS OF THE SEED
• To give rise to a new plant.
• We eat seeds of plants like wheat, rice, corn and gram. Such seeds are called
edible seeds
48. STRUCTURE OF A SEED
• It consists of three main parts
• 1. seed coat
• 2. Embryo( baby plant)
• 3. Cotyledons
49. SEED COAT
• It is the tough and hard outer covering of the seed.
• It has a tiny hole through which the seed gets water.
• It protects the embryo inside the seed.
50. EMBRYO
• It is the baby plant inside the seed.
• As the seed matures the baby plant grows into a seedling
51. COTYLEDONS
• The cotyledons or the seed leaves are a part of the embryo.
• They lie within the seed of a developing plant,
• These store food for the new baby plant.
52. KINDS OF SEEDS
• MONOCOT SEEDS.
1. Contains only single cotyledon. Examples: corn, wheat and rice.
2. These seeds produce plants with long and narrow leaves.
53. • DICOT SEEDS:
1. Contains two cotyledons. Examples: bean, pea and pulses.
2. These seeds produce plants with different shapes and sizes of
leaves.
54.
55. GERMINATION
• Germination is the process by which a seed starts to grow into a new plant.
• Suitable conditions for a seed to grow
1. Quality soil.
2. Oxygen.
3. Water
4. Warm temperature
5. Sunlight.
56. STEPS OF SEED GERMINATION
• The seed takes the water from the soil through a tiny hole present
on the seed coat. It makes the seed swell and the seed coat splits.
• A tiny root starts to grow downwards in the soil while a shoot
grows towards light.
• Soon a seedling with tiny leaves comes out of the ground.
• Finally, the seedling of a plant grows into a new plant.
58. CARE OF PLANTS
AT HOME :
• Grow plants where they can get sufficient sunlight.
• Water the plants of your garden daily.
• Do not step on young plants.
• Add manure.
• Maintain enough space in between two plants.
59. AT PUBLIC PLACES.
• Do not pluck flowers and leaves of plants.
• Do not write on the tree trunks by scratching on it.
• If you care plants, they will care for you!
