1. USN 06AL61
Sixth Semester B.E. Degree Examination.. June 2Ol2
Management and Entrepreneurship
Time: 3 hrs- Max. Marks: 1 00
Note'. Answer FIVE full questions, selecting
at least TWO questions from each part.
PART -A
1a. What is management? Explain the various roles of management. (08 Mart<s)
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b. Explain the nahrre and characteristics ofmanagement. (08 Martrs)
Mention the contribution and limitations of scientific management. (04 Marks)
.! 2a. Bringout the nature and impoftance of planning. Explain the different forms of planning.
(10 Marks)
b. What are the types of decisions? Explain with example. (04 Marks)
c. Explain the various problems that the managers faces while making decisions. (06 Marks)
3a. What is span of management? Explain the various factors that govem the span of
management. (08 Marks)
b. Distinguish between centralization and decentralization. Mention their advantages.(08 Marks)
o; c. What are the importances of staffing? Give examples. (04 Marks)
4a. Compare and contrast the Maslow's need hierarchy theory with Herzberg's two faclor
theory. (08 Marks)
b. Explain the various barriers to communication. (06 Marks)
c. Explain the various methods ofestablishing control on the devj
(0,6 Marks)
PART - B c':"'l
5a. Explain the qualities of an entrepreneur. Ll rr-
b. Mention the parameters which decided the quality of
entrepreneurship.
c. Discuss the role of entrepreneur in the economic development.'Y1,:2 (05 Marks)
6a. Define small scale industry, Ancillary industry and Tiny industry with advantages of each.
(12 Marks)
b. What are the characteristics of small scale industries? Explain. (08 Marks)
I a-. Explain the objectives and functions of national small industries corporation. (10 Marks)
J< b. Write notes on DIC, TECKSOK and state financial corporations. (10 Marks)
-..i .'i
:: 8a. Explain the various guidelines provided by the planning commission for preparation of
z project report. (10 Marks)
b. Explain the various methods of project appraisal. (10 Marks)
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2. USN 06rs81
Eighth Semester B.E. Degree Examination, Jane2012
Software Testing
Time: 3 hrs. Max. Marks: 100
Note: Answer FIVE full questions, selecting
at least TWO questions.from each part.
PART-A
I a. Distinguish between errors, faults and failures. Mention examples of errors in various fields
of human endeavor. (10 Marks)
I b. Explain with a neat diagram, a test and debug cycle. (10 Marks)
2 a. What is control flow graph? Explain how to construct CFG for the following program:
+-
-aoll
l. begin
2. int x, y, power;
3. float z ;
4. input (x, y) ;
E; 5. if (y<0)
6. power = -y ;
tc 7. else
8. power=y;
bd 9. z= 1
10. while (power ! = 0) [
ll.z=z*x:
12.power=power-l;
.13.)
->i
'i . 14. if (y < 0)
15.2= /, I
16. output (z) ;
17. end (10 Marks)
b. Explain various types of testing depending on the life cycle phase of the software
development in which various activities occur. (10 Marks)
a. List informaland rigorously specified rgquirements test selection techniques. (04 Marks)
E= b. Explain the systematic procedure for equivalence partitioning by considering a boiler control
-qE system. (10 Marks)
c. What is category-partition method? Write a diagram which illustrates the different steps in
U< the category-partition method. (06 Marks)
4 a. What is cause-effect graphing? Give the generic procedure for the generation of tests using
z cause-effect graphing. (06 Marks)
b. Explain missing or extra Boolean variable faults by giving an example. (06 Marks)
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c. Give a procedure for generating a minimal constraint set from a predicate possibly
containing non singular expressions. (08 Marks)
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3. 06rs81
PART-B
5 a. Explain the following testing concepts used in structural testing:
i) Statement testing
iD Branch testing. (10 Marks)
b. What is cyclomatic complexity? Explain path testing by considering binary search logic.
(10 Marks)
6a. Explain data flow testing criteria by considering your own example. (10 Marks)
b. Explain data flow analysis with arrays and pointers, with relevant examples. (10 Ma*s)
7a. What is adequacy criterion? Explain how adequacy criteria are just imperfect but useful
indicators of inadequacies by giving your own project example. (10 Ma*s)
b. What is scaffolding? Explain generic versus specific scaffolding by giving relevant
examples. (10 Ma*s)
8a. Explain core steps of SRET by giving block diagram. (10 Marks)
b. Discuss and compare systern, acceptance and regression testing. (10 Marks)
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4. USN 06cs62
Sixth Semester B.E. Degree Examination, June 2012
Unix Systems Programming
Time: 3 hrs. Max. Marks: I00
Note'. Answer FIVE full questions, selecting
at least TWO questions .from each part.
PART -A
I a. Explain the setlocale function with syntax and an example. Marhs)
e
b. Explain the following compile time limits:
_POSX_PATH_MAX, -POSX_OPEN_MAX. Marks)
c. Explain the commonly occurring enor status codes and their Marks)
t9 a. Explain the different types of files in UNIX. (10 Marks)
b. Explain the UNIX kemel support for files. (10 Marks)
.,. a. Explain the working of the open function with the prototype. (10 Marks)
.9.! b. How do you access and modify the time stamps of a file? Explain the prototype and write a
program to illustrate the usage ofthe prototype. (10 Marks)
a. Explain the memory layout of a C program. (06 Marks)
b. What are ttre APIS to query and change the resource limits. List the rules that govem the
changing of the resource limits. (0E Mart(s)
c. Explain with a neat block diagram UNIX process data structure. (06 Marks)
PART -B
-a 5 a. Explain the working of the fork( ) function. (08 Marks)
b. Describe the sequence of processes involved in executing TELNET server. (0E Marks)
ii c. What is an orphaned process? Explain with an example. (04 Marks)
5E
6 a. What is the use of the alam API? Give the prototype of alarm API. How can the alarm API
5d be used to implement the sleep API? (0E Marks)
b. List the timer manipulation APIS in POSIC. I b. (06 Marks)
c. Explain the three ways to generate log messages. (06 Marks)
7 a. Explain with an example client-server communication using a FIFO. (08 Marks)
b. What are the advantages and disadvantages of XSI IPC? (06 Marks)
c. Write a program to send data fiom parent to child over a pipe. (06 Marks)
a. What is Byte ordering? Explain the two types of ordering. Explain the APIS to convert
between the processor byte order and the network byte for TCP?IP applications. (12 Marks)
-i ^i
b. Explain the following APIS with prototypes listen ( ) and accept ( ). (08 Marks)
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I
USN 06cs64
Sixth Semester B.E. Degree Examination, June2Ol2
Gomputer Networks - ll
Time: 3 hrs- Max. Marks:100
Notez Answer FIVE full questions, selecting
at least TWO questions from each part.
i PART -A
-+
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I a. With examples, differentiate between datagram and virtual circuit packet switching.
(06 Marks)
le b. Define routing. With an example, explain the Bellman-Ford algorithm for shortest-path
9 routing. (10 Marks)
*
c. Write a short note on ATM networks. (04 Marks)
. o.0
2 a. Explain the techniques for closed-loop congestion control. (08 Marks)
b. A university has 150 LANs with 100 hosts in each LAN. Design an appropriate subnet
addressing scheme if the university has one class B address. (06 Marks)
Ed
c. Explain the Ilagmentation and reassembly in IP network. (06 Marks)
et 3 a. What do you mean by tunneling? Briefly explain the changes from IPv4 to IPv6. (08 Marks)
g-t b. With a neat diagram, explain three-way handshake for connection establishment in TCP.
(08 Marks)
La€ c. Write a short note on internet routing protocols. (04 Marks)
4 a. With a neat diagram, explain the ATM cell header format. (08 Marks)
b. Briefly explain five ATM service categories. (07 Marks)
=L c. Explain the classical IP over ATM. (05 Marks)
-a;
'E- PART-B
!= 5 a. Define network management. Discuss the interactions between the SNMP management
station and SNMP agent. (08 Marks)
E6
o; b. Explain the security attacks and security goals. (06 Marks)
<;a
o; c. Explain the Diffie-Hellman exchange for secret key generation. What are its weaknesses?
6E (06 Marks)
6 a. Explain the various types of resources allocation scheme by specifying the parameters for
Ebi] classification. (08 Marks)
b. List the benefits of creating VPNs. Explain VPN types. (08 Marks)
c. Write a short note on traffic engineering. (M Marks)
ei
oi
;.i 7 a. Explain the MPEG standards and frame types for compression. (06 Marks)
b. With an example, explain Huffman encoding for data compression (06 Marks)
o
z c. Explain the different servers contained in SIP with its overview. (08 Marks)
i
8 a. List and explain the applications and features of ad-hoc networks. (07 Marks)
b. Explain the security vulnerabilities and seburity attacks in ad-hoc networks. (07 Marks)
c. With a neat diagram, explain sensor mode structure. (06 Marks)
:tr*lr*lr

6. USN
06cs6s
Sixth Semester B.E. Degree Examination, June 2Ol2
Gomputer Graphics and Visualization
Time: 3 hrs. Max. Marks: 100
**"'ir;:":if
{{o'{Ii,l:::'#:*:'::;'tr".
PART -A
I a. Briefly explain any two applications of computer graphics. (04 Marks)
b. Explain the concept of pinhole camera of an imaging system. Also derive the expression for
angle of view. (06 Marks)
c. Discuss the graphics pipeline architecture, with the help of a functional schematic diagram.
(10 Marks)
I
2a. With the help of a diagram, describe the open GL interface. (04 Marks)
b. Write explanatory notes on: i) RGB color model; ii) Indexed color model. (06 Marks)
7.
c. Write an open GL recursive program for 2D-sierpinski gasket with relevant comments.
:h (10 Marks)
:^
3 a. What are the two major characteristics that describe the logical behavior ofan input device?
devices.
Explain the different clauses of logical input (08 Marks)
b. List the various features that a good interactive program should include. (04 Marks)
o; c. Write an open GL program, to demonstrate the hierarchical means, to draw a rectangle and
te
to increase or decrease the size oftherectangle. (08 Marks)
4 a. Explain the procedure involved in transforming the world frame to camera,/eye fiame using
the model view matrix. (10 Marks)
Eca b. Write an open GL program to demonstrate the use of homogeneous coordinate
transformations and simple data structure for representing a rotating cube with color
!E
->ts
interpolation. (10 Marks)
ae
PART-B
5 a. Define and represent the following 2-D transformations in homogeneous coordinate system:
?.9 i) Translation; ii) Rotation; iii) Scaling; iii) Reflection. (12 Marks)
q;
b. What is concatenation transformation? Explain rotation about a fixed point. (08 Marks)
!g.e.
6 6 a. Discuss the following open GL functions: i) glulook At; ii) gluPerspective. (06 Marks)
b. Write a note on hidden surface removal. (04 Marks)
c. Derive the projection matrices for perspectiveviewing. (10 Marks)
7 a. Describe any two types of light sources that are sufficient for rendering most simple scenes.
rJ< (04 Marks)
b. Discuss the phing-lighting model. (08 Marks)
c. What are the different methods available for shading a polygon? Discuss any two. (08 Marks)
z
8a. Explain in brief, Cohen-Sutherland line clipping algorithm with possible cases. (08 Marks)
b. What do you mean by antialiasing? Explain. (04 Marks)
c. Discuss the Bresenham's rasterization algorithm. (08 Marks)

7. USN O6C5/T5663
Sixth Semester B.E. Degree Examination, June 2012
Data Gompression
Time: 3 hrs.
Note: Answer FIVE full questions, selecting
at least TWO questions from each part.
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.i/ ..n+ntL il
PART -A
1a. Distinguish between lossless compression and lossy compression.
ft-.*{YZ
b. Define i(A), the self information associated with an event A. If A and B are independent
events, prove that i(AB) = i(A) + i(B). (04 Marks)
c. Let C be a code with N code words whose lengths are h lz, 1:"... ..., /N. If C is uniquely
N
decodable, prove that lz-ti st
i=l
. (08 Marks)
go
d. Determine whether the following codes are uniquely decodable:
i) (0,0r, r0, il l)
fie ii) t0,0l,ll, illl. (04 Marfts)
2a. Design a minimum variance Huffman code for a source whose letters are chosen from the
c alphabet [ = {a1, a2, a3, aa, a5} with p(ar) = 0.3, p(a2) = 0.16, p(a3) = 0.12, p(a4) = 0.205 and
p(as) = 0.1z. Verify Kraft-Mc Millan inequality. (10 Marks)
b. Encode the following sequence using LZW algorithm:
x y z z yfr x y z z y/x y z z y/xy zzy I !x l!
xI l/x
I l.
The alphabet for the source is {!,1, x, y, z}.TheLZW dictionary initially looks as follows:
Index 2 3 4 5
Entry v v Z I x
(10 Marks)
.., ts
3a. Give an algorithm used by CALIC to form the initial prediction and explain this algorithm.
(06 Marks)
b. Briefly explain run-length coding. (04 Marks)
C. Explain quantization problem by considering a quantizer with eight reconstruction values.
(0,6 Marks)
og d. (04 Marks)
Explain d istortion criterion.
--.i ..i
4 a. With a neat diagram, explain vector quantization procedure. (06 Marks)
z b. Give Lloyd algorithm to generate pdf-optimized scalar quantizer assuming that the
distribution is known. Show how this algqrithm can be generalized to the case where a
training set is available. (07 Marks)
E c. With an example, explain how basic differential encoding algorithm works. (07 Marks)
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8. O6C5/15663
PART - B
5 a. With all necessary mathematical details, discuss discrete Fourier transform and device the
expresslon
I !-.1
t- =- ) f;er-.
,2nkn
(l0 Marks)
Nft. N
2za +1
b. Obtain the inverse Z-transform of the function F(z) = (10 Marks)
223 -5zz + 4z-I
6 a. By considering the example ofencoding the sequence of values Ixn] given below, explain in
detail how subband coding works.
10 14 10 12 14814 l2 10810 12. (08 Marks)
b. Define the following terms:
i) Filter
iD Finite impulse response (FIR) filters.
iii) Number of taps in the filter.
iv) Infinite impulse response (IIR) filters. (M Marks)
c. Consider a filter with ao = 1 and br = 0.6. If the input sequence {x,l is given by
[l n=o
x, = { ^
" ^ , determine the impulse rcsponse of the filter. Is it an FIR filter or an IIR
[0 n+O
filter? (04 Marks)
d. Briefly explain bit allocation. (04 Marks)
7a. With necessary details, derive multiresolution analysis. (08 Marks)
b. With necessary details and usual notations, derive the following:
1) Zh-=J,
k
iil Ir,? =r
k
iii) lhnh*_r. =6m (12 Marks)
k
Explain the following:
a. Motion compensation. ((n Marts)
b. Video signal representation. (07 Marks)
Model based coding. (06 Marks)
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9. I
USN
06CS/I5663
Sixth Semester B.E. Degree Examination, June 2012
Data Gompress:on
Time: 3 hrs. Max. Marks:100
Notez Answer FIVE full questions, selecting
at least TWO questions from each part.
PART -A
1a. Distinguish between lossless compression and lossy compression. (04 Marks)
b. Define i(A), the self information associated with an event A. If A and B are independent
events, prove *rat i(AB) = i(A) + i(B). (04 Marks)
c. iquely
Let C be a code with N code words whose lengths a:re h, lz. /1,......=ls.-It_C is unique
-, N l'aF '^
i.z .1.
decodable, prove that Yr/i''
,.'a
,,'"ip-{l;)1osru"*
/ ..,,)
Marks)
t {t !,;
d.
oB
i) t0,01, l10, l r1 )
i
r;i tr,;+xrv ii
i';i :;::;;; 7+
ii) {0,0l,ll,llr}. Marks)
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"l 'it
tqc.iR :
zd 2 a. Design a minimum variance Huffman code for a source whose from the
atphabet A = [ar, az, a3, aa, a5] with p(a1) = 0.3, p(az) = 0.16, p(a:) =O.l2,p(ai = 0'205 and
p(as) = 0.17. Verify KrafrMc Millan inequality. (10 Mar&s)
b. Encode the following sequence using LZW algorithm:
x-y z zyl xy z zy!xy z zy/ x y z zy!x I l/ xl llx I l.
.>d The alphabet for the source is $,1, x, y, z].TheLZW dictionary initially looks as follows:
lndex I 2 3 4 5
Entry .b v 7. I x
(10 Mad<s)
3 a. Give an algorithm used by CALIC to form the initial prediction and explain this algorithm.
(06 Marks)
b. Briefly explain run-length coding. (04 Marks)
c. Explain quantization problem by considering a quantizer with eight reconstruction values.
(06 Marks)
og d. Explain distortion criterion. (04 Marks)
(-) <
--.i.i
4a. With a neat diagram, explain vector quantization procedure. (06 Marks)
o
z h. Give Lloyd algorithm to generate pdf-optimized scalar quantizer assuming that the
distribution is known. Show how this algorithm can be generalized to the case where a
ts training set is available. (07 Marks)
E c. With an example, explain how basic differential encoding algorithm works. (07 Marks)
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