Five Generation of computers in a nutshell..

1. By: Prabesh Shrestha

2. First Generation Computers
 Developed in between 1946-1958
 Used vacuum tubes as a memory unit
 Slow, expensive, large in size and produced lot of heat
 Used coolers and air conditioners
 Used machine level language for programming
 Unreliable and difficult to program and use.
 Operating speed in terms of millisecond
 Used in scientific and commercial purpose.
 Used punched card and magnetic tapes as input device,
printing device as output device.
 Eg: UNIVAC, EDSAC, EDVAC, ENIAC etc…

4. Vacuum Tubes and its inventor

5. Second Generation Computers
 Developed in between 1959-1964
 UsedTransistors as a memory unit
 Smaller, faster, produced less heat and low power
consumption in comparison with the first generation
computers
 UsedAssembly or low level language for programming
 Operating speed in terms of microsecond
 One transistor could do the work of 1000 vacuum tubes.
 Used for scientific and business purpose
 Magnetic core memory used as primary memory and
magnetic drum and tapes as secondary memory
 Eg: IBM 1401, CDC 3600, IBM 7094, IBM 1620 etc…

7. Transistor and its inventors

8. Third Generation Computers
 Developed in between 1965-1974
 Used IC (Integrated Circuit) instead of transistors
 smaller in size, cheaper, fast and more reliable as
compare to the second generation Computers
 Used high level language for programming
 Introduced keyboard and monitor for input and output
of data
 Operating speed in terms of nanoseconds
 Used magnetic disk for secondary storage
 Eg: IBM 360, IBM 370, Honeywell 200 Series, ICL 2900,
PDP 8 etc…

10. IC and its inventors

11. Fourth Generation Computers
 Developed in between 1975- 1990
 Used VLSIC (Very Large Scale Integration Chip) and
Microprocessor.
 Cheapest, fast, accurate, reliable
 Many high-level languages developed in the fourth generation
such as COBOL, FORTRAN, BASIC, PASCAL and C language
 Operating speed in terms of picoseconds
 Used for commercial and personal purpose as well
 Smaller computers like laptops, notebook, palmtop developed
 Still being used
 Networking between the systems developed
 Eg: MITS ALTAIR, Apple I and II, IBM 80286, IBM PC, HP 3000,
SUPERBRAIN etc…

13. Some latest fourth generation computers

14. VLSI and its inventor

15. Fifth Generation Computers
 Will use ULSI chip, Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) and Bio
chip
 Will have Artificial Intelligence (AI)
 Will be able to recognize image and graphs and solve
highly complex problem including decision making,
logical reasoning
 Will be able to use more than one CPU for faster
processing speed
 Work with natural languages like English, Japanese
 Use of quantum computation and nanotechnology

18. THANK YOU