HTML5 and the Open Web Platform - Web Technologies (1019888BNR)
1. 2 December 2005
Web Technologies
HTML5 and the Open Web Platform
Prof. Beat Signer
Department of Computer Science
Vrije Universiteit Brussel
http://www.beatsigner.com
2. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 2October 13, 2017
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
HTML is an application of the Standard Generalized
Markup Language (SGML)
simple human-readable markup language with a number of
markup tags that can be manipulated by any text editor
Various markup tags to define the structure and
presentation of a HTML document (webpage)
root element (<html>), header (<head>), body (<body>) and
title (<title>)
headings (<h1>, ... <h6>) and paragraphs (<p>)
tables (<table>, <tr> and <td>) and lists (<ol>, <ul> and <li>)
images (<img>)
w3schools provides a detailed list of tags
http://www.w3schools.com/tags/
3. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 3October 13, 2017
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) ...
Tags can be nested and attributes (key/value pairs) can
be added to a tag
HTML documents are transformed into a Document
Object Model (DOM) by the browser
tree of elements (and attributes) with textual content
HTML DOM defines objects and properties for HTML elements
- document node, element nodes, text nodes, attribute nodes
and comment nodes
standard to create, read, update and delete HTML elements
Hyperlinks to connect different HTML documents
only unidirectional embedded hyperlinks are supported
4. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 4October 13, 2017
HTML Example
<!DOCTYPE html
PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<title>Vrije Universiteit Brussel</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>News</h1>
<p>Internationalisation was this years theme of the academic opening of
the <a href="http://www.vub.ac.be">Vrije Universiteit Brussel</a>.
</p>
<p>The Vrije Universiteit Brussel will organise the new International
Business Arbitration post-graduate course from the new academic year
onwards.<img src="course.jpg" width="120" height="100" alt="Course">
</p>
...
</body>
</html>
5. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 5October 13, 2017
HTML DOM Example
News
html
head body
document
title
Vrije Univer ...
h1 p p …
…
aInternationa ...
Vrije Uni ...
href
http:// ...
document node
element node
attribute node
text node
root node
6. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 6October 13, 2017
History of HTML
HTML 1.0 (1993)
HTML 2.0 (1995)
at that time the Netscape Navigator offered much more
functionality than the HTML standard
- "browser war" between Netscape and Internet Explorer
HTML 3.2 (1997)
first version that was developed exclusively by the Word Wide
Web Consortium (W3C)
introduced tables
introduced a lot of new elements for the visual appearance of a
document (that was not the original idea of HTML!)
- e.g. <font> element or color attribute
- most elements now deprecated and cascading style sheets should be used
7. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 7October 13, 2017
History of HTML ...
HTML 4.0 (1997) and HTML 4.01 (1999)
internationalisation (Unicode)
introduction of Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)
In 1998 the W3C decided to not further evolve HTML!
XHTML 1 (2000) and XHTML 1.1 (2001)
XML version of HTML (draconian error handling)
XHTML 2.0 (never finished, discontinued in 2009)
revolutionary changes breaking backwards compatibility
Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group
(WHATWG) founded in 2004 (led by Ian Hickson)
Web Forms 2.0 and Web Applications 1.0 HTML5
8. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 8October 13, 2017
History of HTML ...
In 2006 the W3C decided to work on HTML again
based on WHATWG's Web Applications specification
HTML5 specification is currently developed
simultaneously by the WHATWG and the W3C
HTML Working Group
HTML – Living Standard, WHATWG
HTML5 – A Vocabulary and Associated APIs for HTML and
XHTML
HTML5 is a W3C Recommendation since October 2014
9. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 9October 13, 2017
Problems with HTML
Mix of content, structure and presentation
no separation of concerns
structure of content defines the presentation in the browser
"Forgiving" browsers weaken the standard
an HTML document with errors (e.g. missing tags etc.) will still be
rendered without any error messages
HTML documents can be checked against the standard
- http://validator.w3.org
most existing websites (>99%) contain errors
- exercise: can you find a webpage without any errors?
Lack of support for multiple presentations
10. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 10October 13, 2017
XHTML
XHTML is a reformulation of HTML to make
it an XML application (instead of SGML)
we accept that HTML is here to stay
improve HTML by using XML (e.g. nesting or closing of tags)
use benefits of XML with minimal effort
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC
"-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<title>Vrije Universiteit Brussel</title>
</head>
<body>
...
</body>
</html>
11. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 11October 13, 2017
HTML5
... HTML5 does not belong to a company or a specific
browser. It has been forged by a community of people
interested in evolving the web and a consortium of
technological leaders that includes Google, Microsoft, Apple,
Mozilla, Facebook, IBM, HP, Adobe, and many others. The
community and consortium continue to collaborate on
universal browser standards to push web capabilities even
further. The next generation of web apps can run high-
performance graphics, work offline, store a large amount of
data on the client, perform calculations fast, and take
interactivity and collaboration to the next level. ...
Why HTML5 Rocks, http://www.html5rocks.com
12. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 12October 13, 2017
HTML5 Design Principles
Compatibility
evolve the language for easier authoring of web applications
Utility
solve real problems (pragmatic approach)
separation of content and presentation (CSS)
Interoperability
interoperable browser behaviour
identical error handling across browsers resulting in the same
DOM tree for broken HTML
Universal Access
features should preferably work across different platforms
(cross-platform), devices and media
design features should be accessible to users with disabilities
13. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 13October 13, 2017
HTML5 Design Principles ...
Simple is better
new doctype: <!DOCTYPE html>
HTML5 APIs
...
Avoid external plug-ins
plug-ins are often not nicely integrated with HTML documents
plug-ins can be disabled or blocked (e.g. Adobe Flash on iPad)
plug-ins may crash
...
14. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 14October 13, 2017
HTML5 and Open Web Platform APIs
W3C Recommendation
W3C Candidate Recommendation
Working Draft
W3C Working Group Note
Non-W3C Specification
HTML
Markup
Canvas
2D
Web
Messaging
Audio
Video
Web
Sockets
Drag
and
Drop
Web
Workers
Micro
data
Web SQL
Web
Storage
HTML+
RDFa
XmlHTTP
Request
File API
Media
Capure
Indexed
Database
Contacts
API
Screen
Orientation
Timing
Control
Touch
Events
Geo
Location
RDFa
Web Open
Font
Navigation
Timing
Selectors
L1
SVGMathML
3.0
CSS3
Battery
Status
API
Fullscreen
JavaScript
WebGL
Deprecated
based on https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML5#/
Simplifies implementation
of cross-platform applications
Standard way for accessing
specific functionality
No need for plug-in installation
15. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 15October 13, 2017
JavaScript/ECMAScript
Growing use of JavaScript frameworks and AJAX
JavaScript engine race
in 2006 Adobe donated their just-in-time (JIT) compilation engine
and ECMAScript virtual machine to the Mozilla project
healthy competition among browser vendors
- bring JavaScript performance closer to that of native desktop application code
www.codeeval.com http://www.whatbrowser.org
Most Popular Coding Languages of 2016
16. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 16October 13, 2017
Browser Performance
17. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 17October 13, 2017
Web Browsers (1990–2016)
WorldWideWeb
Internet Explorer
Trident Engine
Mozilla
Firefox
WebKit Engine
Safari
Gecko Engine
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Timeline_of_web_browsers.svg
18. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 18October 13, 2017
HTML Markup
Some elements have been added
structural elements such as <article>, <section>, <header>,
<footer> or <nav>
media elements including <video>, <audio> or <embed>
a <canvas> drawing element
Other elements have been removed
<big>, <font>, <strike>, <u>, <center>, ...
New form functionality (originally Web Forms 2.0)
form elements such as <datalist> or <output>
input types such as date, color, email, tel, range, ...
native functionality for client-side validation (without scripting)
W3CRecommendation
19. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 19October 13, 2017
HTML Forms
20. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 20October 13, 2017
HTML Forms ...
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
...
</head>
<body>
<form action="submit.html" method="post">
Name (required) <input type="text" name="name" required autofocus>
Title <input type="text" name="title">
Shoesize <input list="range" min="10" max="30" name="shoesize">
Email (required) <input type="email" name="mail" required>
Webpage <input type="url" name="webpage">
Date of Birth <input type="date" name="birthday">
<input type="hidden" name="id" value="S8798349">
<input type="submit" name="Submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>
21. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 21October 13, 2017
HTML Forms ...
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
...
</head>
<body>
<form action="submit.html" method="get">
Course <input list="courses" name="course">
<datalist id="courses">
<option value="Web Information Systems">
<option value="Web Technologies">
<option value="Next Generation User Interfaces">
<option value="Advanced Topics in Information Systems">
<option value="Databases">
</datalist>
<input type="submit" name="Submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>
22. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 22October 13, 2017
HTML Forms ...
Filled in information is sent to the server as name/value
pairs in an HTTP GET or HTTP POST request
HTML5 forms simplify the client-side validation of input
fields
validation based on input type and other optional attributes
valid input for text input fields can be defined via the pattern
attribute (regular expression)
no longer necesarry to use JavaScript for client-side validation
23. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 23October 13, 2017
HTML Links
Only unidirectional embedded liks are supported
Linking to parts of another document
only possible if we can add id attributes
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
...
</head>
<body>
<a href="http://www.vub.ac.be">VUB</a> <!– simple link -->
<a href="http://www.vub.ac.be" target="_blank" >VUB</a>
<a href="contact.html">Contact us</a> <!– link to same folder -->
<a href="mailto:john@xyz.org">Email John</a> <!– link to email -->
<a href="#introduction">Introduction</a> <!– link to parts of the same
page (identified via an id attribute with the corresponding name) -->
</body>
</html>
24. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 24October 13, 2017
Video
<video> element can be used to play videos
in HTML pages
element has methods, properties and events
no external plug-in (e.g. Adobe Flash) is required
e.g. in early 2015 YouTube switched from Flash to HTML5 video
as the default
Multiple video formats are supported
MP4, WebM and Ogg
<video width="640" height="480" controls="controls" autoplay="autoplay">
<source src="bullhead.mp4" type="video/mp4" />
<source src="bullhead.webm" type="video/webm" />
The video tag is not supported by your browser!
</video>
W3CRecommendation
25. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 25October 13, 2017
Video ...
Current limitations
no copy protection
limited access to web cams and microphones but this is going to
change in the near future (via the Media Captue API)
HTML5 Video vs. Adobe Flash
... Our future work with Flash on mobile devices will be focused on
enabling Flash developers to package native apps with Adobe AIR for all
the major app stores. We will no longer continue to develop Flash Player
in the browser to work with new mobile device configurations (chipset,
browser, OS version, etc.) following the upcoming release of Flash
Player 11.1 for Android and BlackBerry PlayBook. ...
Adobe Systems Incorporated, November 9, 2011
W3CRecommendation
26. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 26October 13, 2017
Audio
<audio> element can be used to play audio
in HTML pages
element has methods, properties and events
<audio controls="controls">
<source src="intro.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" />
<source src="intro.ogg" type="audio/ogg" />
The audio tag is not supported by your browser!
</audio>
W3CRecommendation
27. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 27October 13, 2017
Canvas 2D
<canvas> tag can be used in combination with
JavaScript to draw on a webpage (raster graphics)
define a canvas with an id and use it in the JavaScript code
draw lines, shapes (with optional gradient filling) etc. or add text
<canvas id="drawingArea" width="200" height="200">
The canvas tag is not supported by your browser!
</canvas>
<script type=“application/javascript">
var canvas = document.getElementById("drawingArea");
var context = canvas.getContext("2d");
context.fillStyle = "#0000FF";
context.fillRect(50,50,100,50);
context.moveTo(0,0);
context.lineTo(200,200);
context.stroke();
</script>
W3CRecommendation
28. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 28October 13, 2017
HTML5 Canvas and JavaScript Demo
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cnexWE5Rbx4
29. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 29October 13, 2017
Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG)
Vector graphics alternative to Canvas 2D
resolution independent
define graphics in XML format (embeddable in HTML)
good support for animations (declarative description)
full control over each element via the SVG DOM API
On the other hand, Canvas 2D offers better performance
W3CRecommendation
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>...</head>
<body>
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<circle id="myCircle" cx="50" cy="50" r="100" fill="blue" />
</svg>
</body>
</html>
30. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 30October 13, 2017
Web Graphics Library (WebGL)
3D graphics API for JavaScript
getContext("3d") might be used in the future
currently getContext("webgl") or getContext("webgl2")
GPU accelerated
31. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 31October 13, 2017
ZygoteBody (WebGL) (Video)
32. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 32October 13, 2017
Offline Web Applications
Application cache is used for
offline browsing where users can use the web application while
they are offline
increased performance due to cache hits and reduced server load
Managed via a cache manifest (on every page)
W3CWorkingGroupNote
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" manifest="myApp.appcache">...</html>
CACHE MANIFEST
CACHE:
index.html
default.js
NETWORK:
dynamic.js
FALLBACK:
time.js fallback-time.js
#version 3
33. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 33October 13, 2017
Web Storage API
localStorage and sessionStorage JavaScript
objects to store data (key/value) on the client
localStorage has no time limit whereas sessionStorage is
deleted when the browser window is closed
- localStorage with same-origin policy and sessionStorage per window
replace cookies for large amounts of data
- cookies are limited in size (maximal 4 KB) and are sent with each request
W3CRecommendation
<script>
if (localStorage.counter) {
localStorage.counter = Number(localStorage.counter) + 1;
}
else {
localStorage.counter = 1;
}
document.write("Total of " + localStorage.counter + " visits");
</script>
34. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 34October 13, 2017
Indexed Database API
Low-level indexed storage capabilities
object store
changes happen within transactions
same-origin policy (domain, protocol and port)
other libraries to be developed based on top of the indexed core
In contrast to the Web Storage API, an object store may
have an arbitrary number of indexes
No space limit such as in the Web Storage API
Likely going to become the future structured storage
replacing the Web SQL API (which is now deprecated)
Introduces the concept of transactions and cursors
W3CRecommendation
35. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 35October 13, 2017
File API
Handling of files in web applications
can only read but not write to the local file system
reading of File, FileList and Blob objects
File object with various attributes (name, size, type,
lastModifiedDate)
FileReader can be used to read file content
W3CWorkingDraft
<input id="f1" type="file">
var fileInput = document.getElementById("f1");
var fileList = fileInput.files;
for (var i = 0; i < fileList.length; i++) {
var file = fileList[i];
// handle individual file
}
36. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 36October 13, 2017
Drag and Drop
Drag items and drop them anywhere in the browser
define draggable elements via the draggable attribute
define elements that can accept drops
exchange information via the dataTransfer object
Items can also be drag and dropped from the desktop to
the browser
W3CRecommendation
37. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 37October 13, 2017
Drag and Drop ...
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
// style sheet information for the div elements
<script>
function drag(event) {
event.dataTransfer.setData("text/plain", event.target.id);
}
function drop(event) {
event.preventDefault(); // avoid default behaviour of opening as link
var data=event.dataTransfer.getData("text/plain");
event.target.appendChild(document.getElementById(data));
}
function allowDrop(event) {
event.preventDefault();
}
</script>
</head>
W3CRecommendation
38. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 38October 13, 2017
Drag and Drop ...
<body>
<div id="div1" ondrop="drop(event)" ondragover="allowDrop(event)">
<img src="wise.gif" draggable="true" ondragstart="drag(event)" id="d1">
</div>
<div id="div2" ondrop="drop(event)" ondragover="allowDrop(event)"></div>
</body>
</html>
W3CRecommendation
39. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 39October 13, 2017
Web Workers
When executing JavaScript in an HTML page, the
page becomes non-responsive until the script is finished
Web Workers can be used to execute JavaScript code in
a background process (thread)
to avoid the complexity of multi-threaded programming, Web
Workers have independent JavaScript contexts and can only
interact with each other via event-driven message passing
W3CWorkingDraft
<script>
var worker = new Worker("myScript.js");
worker.onmessage = function(event) {
alert("The worker received this: " + event.data);
// web worker sends a message back
postMessage("I got your call and will work on it");
...
};
40. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 40October 13, 2017
Web Workers ...
Note that Web Workers have no access to
window.document (page or DOM API)
"clean up" Web Workers via terminate() method
// add a listener to receive messages from the web worker
worker.addEventListener("message", handle, false);
function handle(e) {
// process message from the web worker
}
worker.postMessage("Hello worker!");
</script>
W3CWorkingDraft
41. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 41October 13, 2017
Web Socket API
Bidirectional, full-duplex socket connection between
the server and browser for real-time web applications
(low latency) with asynchronous partial updates
server-initiated updates become possible!
client and server upgrade from the HTTP protocol to the
WebSocket protocol (initial HTTP handshake)
- via Connection: Upgrade and Upgrade: websocket HTTP header fields
- browser as well as server have to support the Web Socket protocol
reduced "overhead" since no HTTP headers
no longer necessary to do any polling or long polling
- faster since in the polling approach the server can send nothing while a client
request is transmitted
similarly an EventSource object can be used if only the server
has to push information (server-sent events)
W3CCandidateRecommendation
42. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 42October 13, 2017
Web Socket API ...
<script>
var socket = new WebSocket("ws://chat-server.com");
socket.onopen = function(e) { alert("Opened connection ..."); };
socket.onmessage = function(e) {
var message = JSON.parse(e.data));
alert("Message received.");
...
};
socket.onclose = function(e) { alert("Closed connection."); };
socket.onerror = function(e) { alert("WebSocket Error" + e); };
socket.send("Hellow World");
// connection stays open and server can send multiple things
...
socket.close();
</script>
W3CCandidateRecommendation
43. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 43October 13, 2017
Geolocation API
Standard interface for accessing geographical
location information on the client device
transparent access to different location information sources
- GPS, GSM cells, IP address, RFID, Wi-Fi connection etc.
Firefox uses the Google Location Service as default
lookup service
send IP address and information about nearby wireless access
points to the Google Location Service and an approximate
location will be computed
W3CRecommendation
44. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 44October 13, 2017
Geolocation API ...
JavaScript access to the Geolocation API
access via the geolocation child object of the navigator object
we can also continuously monitor the client's position
function showPosition(position) {
alert(position.coords.latitude + " " + position.coords.longitude);
}
function showError() {
alert("Your current position cannot be computed!");
}
navigator.geolocation.getCurrentPosition(showPosition, showError,
{timeout:10000});
navigator.geolocation.watchPosition(showPosition);
W3CRecommendation
45. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 45October 13, 2017
Geolocation Example: Google Maps
46. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 46October 13, 2017
Fullscreen API
Can be used to show elements in fullscreen mode
requestFullscreen() and exitFullScreen()
W3CWorkingGroupNote
<video id="video1" width="640" height="480">
<source src="bullhead.mp4" type="video/mp4" />
</video>
var video = document.getElementById("video1");
if (video.requestFullscreen) { // different browser implementations
video.requestFullscreen();
} else if (video.msRequestFullscreen) {
video.msRequestFullscreen();
} else if (video.mozRequestFullScreen) {
video.mozRequestFullScreen();
} else if (video.webkitRequestFullscreen) {
video.webkitRequestFullscreen();
}
47. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 47October 13, 2017
Screen Orientation API
Provides access to the orientation of the screen
portrait-primary, portrait-secondary,
landscape-primary or landscape-secondary
W3CWorkingDraft
// add a listener to react to changes of screen orientation
screen.orientation.addEventListener("change", function () {
console.log("The orientation of the screen is: " + screen.orientation);
});
// lock the screen in portrait or landscape orientation
screen.orientation.lock("landscape");
// unlock the screen
screen.orientation.unlock();
screen.orientation.lock('portrait')
48. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 48October 13, 2017
Page Visibility API
Provides information about the current visibility
of a page
we can adapt behaviour if a page is not visible (e.g. minimised)
- change update frequency (e.g. checking for emails) to save resources
- pause video or game
- do not charge for ads
W3CRecommendation
var video = document.getElementById("video1"); // assume we have a video
document.addEventListener("visibilitychange", handle, false);
function handle() {
if (document.hidden) {
video.pause();
} else {
video.play();
}
}
49. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 49October 13, 2017
Pointer Lock API
Provides access to raw (relative) mouse movements
single element gets all the mouse events
mouse cursor is removed from view (exit via Esc key)
input for first person perspective and 3D modelling software
W3CProposedRecommendation
<canvas id="c1" width="200" height="200"></canvas>
var canvas = document.getElementById("c1");
canvas.requestPointerLock();
document.addEventListener("pointerlockchange", change, false);
document.addEventListener("mousemove", move, false);
function change(e) {
// react to change of the lock status
}
50. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 50October 13, 2017
Pointer Lock API ...
W3CCandidateRecommendation
function move(e) {
var x = e.movementX; // movement of x in pixels
var y = e.movementY; // movement of y in pixels
// do something with the x,y movement
}
// Pointer lock released via exitPointerLock() or by pressing the Esc key
document.exitPointerLock();
51. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 51October 13, 2017
Battery Status API
Provides Information about the battery status of the
hosting device
e.g. to reduce battery drain when the battery is low
W3CCandidateRecommendation
var battery = navigator.battery;
console.log("Battery level: " + Math.floor(battery.level * 100) + "%");
console.log("Device is " + (battery.charging ? "charging" : "discharging");
console.log("Battery charged in " + battery.chargingTime + "s");
console.log("Battery empty in " + battery.dischargingTime + "s");
// we can further register to the following events:
chargingchange, levelchange, chargingtimechange and dischargingtimechange
battery.onlevelchange = function() {
...
}
52. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 52October 13, 2017
Vibration API
Provide simple tactile feedback
simple vibration or pattern of on/off pulses
feedback for mobile phones and other devices
for devices not supporting vibrations, the methods have no effect
W3CRecommendation
// single vibration for 300ms
navigator.vibrate(300);
// pattern with pauses of 50ms
navigator.vibrate([300, 50, 300, 50, 1000]);
// ongoing vibrations can be cancelled at any time by calling the vibrate
method with a value of zero
navigator.vibrate(0);
53. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 53October 13, 2017
Web Notifications API
Display notifications to alert users outside the
context of a web page
show standard desktop notifications (e.g. lower right corner)
W3CRecommendation
Notification.requestPermission(); // ask for permission
var options = {
body: "This is the body of my message",
icon: "data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhE"
};
var notification = new Notification("My Title", options);
54. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 54October 13, 2017
Example: Multiplayer Port of Quake II
Google's browser port of Quake II uses
canvas and WebGL
<audio> for sound
<video> for in-game videos
Web Sockets for communication with the server (other players)
Local Storage for managing preferences and saved games
55. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 55October 13, 2017
Other HTML5 Features
Media Capture and Streams
access local multimedia devices such as microphones or video
cameras
Web Messaging
communication between documents (e.g. in different frames, tabs
or windows) regardless of their source domain
messages should only be accepted from domains we expect to
receive messages from
WebRTC 1.0: Real-time Communication Between
Browsers
real-time browser-to-browser applications for voice calling, video
chat etc.
56. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 56October 13, 2017
Other HTML5 Features …
Note that some other HTML5 features are
introduced later in the course
Microdata
…
57. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 57October 13, 2017
Exercise 3
HTML5 and the Open Web Platform
58. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 58October 13, 2017
References
HTML – Living Standard, WHATWG
http://www.whatwg.org/html
HTML5 – A Technical Specification for Web Developers
http://developers.whatwg.org
HTML5 – A Vocabulary and Associated APIs for HTML
and XHTML, W3C Recommendation
http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/
HTML Design Principles, W3C Working Draft
http://www.w3.org/TR/html-design-principles/
HTML Tutorial
http://www.w3schools.com/html/
59. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 59October 13, 2017
References ...
HTML Canvas 2D Context, W3C Working Draft
http://www.w3.org/TR/2dcontext/
Simon Sarris, HTML 5 Canvas: A Web Standard
for Dynamic Graphics (refcardz #151)
http://refcardz.dzone.com/refcardz/html5-canvas-web-standard
HTML5 Canvas and JavaScript Demo
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cnexWE5Rbx4
Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) 1.1
http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/
60. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 60October 13, 2017
References ...
HTML Tutorial
http://www.w3schools.com/html/
Andy Harris, Core HTML (refcardz #64)
http://refcardz.dzone.com/refcardz/core-html
James Sugrue, HTML5: The Evolution
of Web Standards (refcardz #123)
http://refcardz.dzone.com/refcardz/html5-new-standards-web-interactivity
Mark Pilgrim, HTML5: Up and Running - Dive Into the
Future of Web Development, O'Reilly Media, August
2010, ISBN-13: 978-0596806026
61. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 61October 13, 2017
References ...
Offline Web Applications, W3C Working
Group Note
http://www.w3.org/TR/offline-webapps/
Max Firtman, HTML5 Mobile Development,
(refcardz #186)
http://refcardz.dzone.com/refcardz/html5-mobile-development
W3C Markup Validation Service
http://validator.w3.org
ZygoteBody
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_n2Us7oGmRA
62. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 62October 13, 2017
References
Web Storage, W3C Recommendation
http://www.w3.org/TR/webstorage/
Indexed Database API, W3C Recommendation
http://www.w3.org/TR/IndexedDB/
Gerard Gallant, HTML5: IndexedDB,
(refcardz #195)
http://refcardz.dzone.com/refcardz/html5-indexeddb
File API, W3C Working Draft
http://www.w3.org/TR/FileAPI/
Web Workers, W3C Working Draft
http://www.w3.org/TR/workers/
63. Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 63October 13, 2017
References ...
Gerard Gallant, HTML5 Web Workers:
Multithreaded JavaScript for High-Performance Web
Apps (refcardz #177)
http://refcardz.dzone.com/refcardz/html5-web-workers
Web Sockets API, W3C Candidate Recommendation
http://www.w3.org/TR/websockets/
Geolocation API, W3C Recommendation
http://www.w3.org/TR/geolocation-API/
Fullscreen API, W3C Working Group Note
https://www.w3.org/TR/fullscreen/