Evolution of computers

Evolution of Computers
J A T I N M A DA N R O L L N O : 1 1 C L A S S : 1 1 - A

BIBLIOGRAPHY
 Topics taken from :-
Sumita Arora
Wikipedia
 Source of Information :-
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer
*Wikipedia
*Sumita Arora (C++)
 Source of Images :-
https://www.google.co.in/search?espv=2&biw=1364&bih=707&tbm=isch&sa
=1&q=evolution+of+computer&btnG
J A T I N M A D A N R O L L N O : 1 1 C L A S S : 1 1 - A

 Chinese invented a calculating device called
ABACUS. Also known as “SOROBAN” to perform
addition and subtraction.
 It was made up of a wooden rack having 2 parts
consisting of 11 horizontal wires with a fixed
number of beads (5 in the lower part and 2 in the
upper part) strung on each and every wire.
 The user has to memorize the rules of usage.
 Only regular arithmetic problems can be done.
 Not capable of solving complex arithmetic
problems.
Abacus

NAPIER’S DEVICE
 John Napier a Scottish Mathematician
invented the Napier Device.
 It consisted of a set of eleven animal
bones which was later replaced by rods.
 Numbers were marked on them & they
were placed side by side in the form of a
square table.
 Products and quotients of large numbers
could be obtained with its help.

SLIDE RULE
 Robert Bissoker invented the Slide Rule
in 1632.
 It turned into a popular computing
device
 It could perform all arithmetic &
trigonometric functions.
 Final value could be read on scale
straight away without any further
calculations.

PASCAL’S CALCULATING MACHINE
(PASCALINE)
 Blaise Pascal a French mathematician developed a
mechanical calculating machine called Pascal’s calculating
machine in 1642 A.D.
 It was the first real desktop machine calculating device that
could add and subtract.
 It was built up of a set of toothed wheels & gears.
 Each wheel numbered from 0 to 9.
 Arithmetic operations could be performed by turning these
wheels/gears.
 The concept can still be seen in conventional electric meters
and taxi meters.

LEIBNITZ’S, IMPROVED PASCAL MACHINE
 Pascal machine perform only addition and subtraction
operations.
 Pascal machine was improved in 1673 which gave birth
to the Leibnitz’s Calculating Machine.
 He introduced a new set of wheels.
 The introduced wheels could perform multiplication,
division square root operations along with the addition
and subtraction operations.

PUNCHED CARD MACHINE
 In 1801,french weaver Joseph Mane Jacquard invented
the first punched card machine.
 It was used in the designing and making patterns/design
on clothes.
 Punched cards were invented an were started to be used
in the weaving mills and the handlooms.
 Cards with holes were used to make attractive design on
fiber.
 Presence and absence of punched hole represented two
states for raisers or lowers of wrapped threads.

CHARLES BABBAGE’S ENGINE
 Charles Babbage (1792-1871) made a machine
called difference engine.
 It could evaluate accurate algebraic expression
and mathematical tasks up to 20 decimal
places.
 This machine is also called as ‘Babbage's
difference engine’.
 It was later adopted by insurances companies
for computing life tables.
 The device got modified in1833.
 The Modified Device is called Analytical
Engine.

 It had a memory unit & operators for
arithmetic operations.
 Producers had to know the o/p.
 Results were printed in punched card format.
 The parts and working principle of Analytical
Engine is similar to today’s computer in many
ways.
 Due to his gift to the IT Sector, Charles
Babbage is called “Father of computer”.
Analytical engine

HOLLERITHIS CARD READING
MACHINE
 Dr. Herman Hollerith of U.S.A, worked in U.S.A
as a census officer.
 He developed a card reading machine that used
punched cards for tabulating and calculating data.
 Data used to get compiled and analyzed.
 Then later the results were displayed the same way
their input was, in the form of punched cards.

MARK-I DIGITAL COMPUTER
 All calculating machines are basically mechanically
invented machines.
 First electro-mechanical computer was developed in
1937 by Howard Aiken.
 It used Hollerith's punched cards and the principle
of computer stated by Charles Babbage.
 It automatically performed a sequence of arithmetic
operations.
 It consisted of a huge mechanical calculator which
occupied several norms.
 Inside the several miles of electrical wires and
electro mechanical relays and mechanical counter for
arithmetic calculations lays the simple programming
of the mathematical operations.

FIRST ELECTRONICS COMPUTER (ABC)
 Dr. Jhon Atanasoff and Dlifford Berrs
developed the first electronic computer.
 It was named as ABC.
 It used vaccum tubes for storage of arithmetic
and logical functions.
 Special purpose was to solve simultaneous
equation.
 It could perform 500 addition or 350
multiplication in one second.

ELECTRONIC NUMERICAL INTEGRATOR AND
CALCULATOR(ENIAC)
 Electronic computer got designed
 Developed by Pr. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly.
 Produced in 1940 for U.S. Army.
 It used 18000 V.T 70000 resistor 10000 capacitor and
60000 switches(27 tons)
 It occupied 5000 S7 suet of space.
 It could perform 300 multiplication/second
 Rated as the Fastest Machine.
 ENIAC was considered a significant development
because the speed was first experienced with ENIAC.

ELECTRONIC DISCRETTE VARIABLE AUTOMATIC
COMPUTERS(EDVAC)
 First electronically stored program
 Electronic computers developed in 1949.
 EDVAC was a different form of ENIAC.
 1.It used binary codes and electronic
arithmetic operators.
2.Internal storage of instructions were
written in digital forms.

ELECTRONICS DELAY STORAGE AUTOMATIC
computer
 Developed by group of scientist headed by Prof.
Mauriee Willies.
 Using EDSAC , addition operation was
accomplished in 1500 microseconds and
multiplication operator in 4000 micro seconds

MANCHESTER MARK-I
 A small experimental computer.
 Performed operations based on stored programs.
 Designed at Manchester University by a group of
scientist headed by Prof. M. H. A. Newman.
 Storage capacity of only 32words, each of 31
binary digits.
 Limited to stored data and instruction.

UNIVERSAL AUTOMATIC COMPUTER
(UNIVAC-I)
 Developed during 1946 to 1951 by Eckert
and mauchy
 UNIVAC –I was the first computer used for
business in 1954 AD.
 First commercially available computer.

MICROPROCESSOR
 Microprocessor chip INTEL 4004 was
developed in 1969 by INTEL.
 Performed on only a few instruction and very
small amount of data.
 1971 INTEL 8008 MP was developed.
 Foundation for development of Personal
Computers (PC).

PERSONAL COMPUTERS
 First PC (with MP)developed in 1974.
 In 1977 first successful micro computer
(pc) developed by a young technician named
Stere Wozniak.
 This was called the computer :- Apple-1

IMB, Apple computer , & Motorola Co-
operated designed a mp Caused pc 600 ser.
Intel designed power full chipin40’s caused
Pentium(1993).
Microprocessor such as a Pentium, power pc,
AMD,IBM,etc are used as CPU of pc’s since
1995.
POWER PC 600/ PENTIUM

Evolution of computers

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