Feminism seeks to advocate for social equality between men and women and oppose patriarchy and sexism. There have been three waves of feminism focused on different issues - the first wave in the 19th/early 20th century focused on women's suffrage, the second wave in the 1960-70s addressed discrimination and cultural/social issues, and the third wave beginning in the 1980s addresses intersectionality across class and race. Central feminist themes examine the social construction of gender versus sex, the public/private divide, and patriarchy as a system that oppresses and exploits women. Broad streams of feminist thought include liberal feminism seeking absolute equality, radical feminism arguing women's subordination cannot be addressed within other systems,
Feminism seeks to achieve equality between men and women. Feminism in international relations examines how gender stereotypes influence the field. It challenges mainstream concepts like power and security from a gender perspective. A key goal is highlighting gender inequalities often ignored in traditional theories. Feminist scholars argue that including women's voices and perspectives would provide new insights and orientations for understanding international issues.
The document discusses liberal feminism, which argues that women's oppression stems from prejudice and unequal treatment under the law. Liberal feminists lobby for legal reforms and role models to promote equality of opportunity. However, some argue that liberal feminist goals have not led to meaningful changes or addressed issues of social class, race, and gender valuation of different types of work. The document also examines some problems with the liberal feminist framework and its research approaches.
Feminism emerged as a movement and body of ideas that aimed to enhance women’s status and power. Simply put, feminism affirms women’s equality with men, and rejects patriarchy.
The document discusses the history and goals of feminist theory, which aims to understand and address the oppression and subordination of women in society. It provides definitions of key concepts in feminism like gender roles and outlines the purposes of feminist theory in developing strategies to liberate women by identifying the underlying causes of their oppression. The document also summarizes perspectives from several influential feminist theorists on developing feminist frameworks and applying theory to create meaningful change.
This document discusses feminist analysis of gender stereotypes in media. It outlines that feminism aims to reveal and dismantle socially ingrained systems of sexism that privilege men over women. Specifically, it notes that biological sex becomes conflated with cultural expectations of gender, resulting in discrimination. Common stereotypes in American media are discussed, including portrayals of men as active and powerful versus women as passive and insignificant.
Critical approaches in foreign policy analysis refer to theoretical perspectives like post-modernism, post-structuralism, and feminism. Critical theory challenges traditional forms of theorizing and seeks to dismantle social constraints on human freedom. It questions concepts like states and the international system. In contrast to problem-solving theories, which take the world as it finds it, critical theories ask how the prevailing world order came to be. Feminist perspectives focus on gender inequality and how power structures reproduce it. Analyzing the "War on Terror" shows how women were invisible in media coverage and national security discussions, which reinforced men's legitimacy while creating barriers for women.
The document provides an overview of various feminist theories, including radical feminism, liberal feminism, socialist feminism, cultural feminism, and eco-feminism. It discusses the key beliefs of each theory, such as radical feminism's view that patriarchy must be overturned through any means necessary, liberal feminism's focus on equal rights and opportunities through legislation, and socialist feminism's perspective that class structure and gender oppression are linked. The document also examines differences within theories, like the opposing views of radical-libertarian versus radical-cultural feminism.
Feminism seeks to advocate for social equality between men and women and oppose patriarchy and sexism. There have been three waves of feminism focused on different issues - the first wave in the 19th/early 20th century focused on women's suffrage, the second wave in the 1960-70s addressed discrimination and cultural/social issues, and the third wave beginning in the 1980s addresses intersectionality across class and race. Central feminist themes examine the social construction of gender versus sex, the public/private divide, and patriarchy as a system that oppresses and exploits women. Broad streams of feminist thought include liberal feminism seeking absolute equality, radical feminism arguing women's subordination cannot be addressed within other systems,
Feminism seeks to achieve equality between men and women. Feminism in international relations examines how gender stereotypes influence the field. It challenges mainstream concepts like power and security from a gender perspective. A key goal is highlighting gender inequalities often ignored in traditional theories. Feminist scholars argue that including women's voices and perspectives would provide new insights and orientations for understanding international issues.
The document discusses liberal feminism, which argues that women's oppression stems from prejudice and unequal treatment under the law. Liberal feminists lobby for legal reforms and role models to promote equality of opportunity. However, some argue that liberal feminist goals have not led to meaningful changes or addressed issues of social class, race, and gender valuation of different types of work. The document also examines some problems with the liberal feminist framework and its research approaches.
Feminism emerged as a movement and body of ideas that aimed to enhance women’s status and power. Simply put, feminism affirms women’s equality with men, and rejects patriarchy.
The document discusses the history and goals of feminist theory, which aims to understand and address the oppression and subordination of women in society. It provides definitions of key concepts in feminism like gender roles and outlines the purposes of feminist theory in developing strategies to liberate women by identifying the underlying causes of their oppression. The document also summarizes perspectives from several influential feminist theorists on developing feminist frameworks and applying theory to create meaningful change.
This document discusses feminist analysis of gender stereotypes in media. It outlines that feminism aims to reveal and dismantle socially ingrained systems of sexism that privilege men over women. Specifically, it notes that biological sex becomes conflated with cultural expectations of gender, resulting in discrimination. Common stereotypes in American media are discussed, including portrayals of men as active and powerful versus women as passive and insignificant.
Critical approaches in foreign policy analysis refer to theoretical perspectives like post-modernism, post-structuralism, and feminism. Critical theory challenges traditional forms of theorizing and seeks to dismantle social constraints on human freedom. It questions concepts like states and the international system. In contrast to problem-solving theories, which take the world as it finds it, critical theories ask how the prevailing world order came to be. Feminist perspectives focus on gender inequality and how power structures reproduce it. Analyzing the "War on Terror" shows how women were invisible in media coverage and national security discussions, which reinforced men's legitimacy while creating barriers for women.
The document provides an overview of various feminist theories, including radical feminism, liberal feminism, socialist feminism, cultural feminism, and eco-feminism. It discusses the key beliefs of each theory, such as radical feminism's view that patriarchy must be overturned through any means necessary, liberal feminism's focus on equal rights and opportunities through legislation, and socialist feminism's perspective that class structure and gender oppression are linked. The document also examines differences within theories, like the opposing views of radical-libertarian versus radical-cultural feminism.
FEMINIST THEORY IN CRIMINOLOGY
Feminist theory is a major branch within sociology, that shifts its assumptions, analytical lens and topical focus away from the male viewpoint and experience toward that of women.
It emphasis on gender distinction i.e., inequality resulting and of the system of patriarchy (i.e., men being more privileged in comparison to women)
FEMINIST THEORY IN CRIMINOLOGY
This branch focuses on the dominance of men over women and the impact it has on crimes by (female criminality)and against women(female victimization).
The development of different explanations of female criminality and conformity happened.
General ‘gendering’ of crime ,which include gendered explanations of certain male criminality.
Feminist theory in criminology attempt to explain the
treatment of women by the criminal justice system. In that
importance was given to how female victims of rape and other
sexual assault was treated by police,prosecution and judges.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in sociology. It defines sociology as the scientific study of human social behavior and society. Some important concepts discussed include social interaction, social organization, social structure and agency. It also summarizes sociological perspectives on society from prominent thinkers and outlines different subdisciplines and methods in sociology such as positivism, anti-positivism, and qualitative vs. quantitative approaches.
Confirming PagesUnder Western Eyes CHANDRA TA LPADE MO.docxmargaretr5
This document summarizes and critiques how Western feminist texts have portrayed "third world women" as a singular, monolithic subject. It identifies three analytic presumptions common in Western feminist discourse: 1) treating "women" as a coherent group with identical interests, regardless of other identities; 2) providing "proof" of cross-cultural validity without critique; 3) implying a model of power that positions some as oppressors and others as oppressed. As a result, third world women are portrayed as uniformly poor, uneducated, tradition-bound victims. The document calls for more nuanced analyses that consider how gender interacts with other social factors.
This document provides an overview of different types of feminism, including liberal feminism, radical feminism, Marxist/socialist feminism, psychoanalytical feminism, men's feminism, and postmodern feminism. For each type, the document discusses their origins, key advocates, salient features, and criticisms. The main differences highlighted between radical and liberal feminism are their views on the primary cause of women's oppression (patriarchal social structures vs. false beliefs of society) and approaches to transformation (changing the entire system vs. institutional changes).
C3 - Contending Perspectives on International PoliticsFatin Nazihah Aziz
This document outlines five major perspectives in international relations: realism, liberalism, Marxism, feminism, and constructivism. It provides an overview of the key analytical and explanatory components, prescriptive implications, and philosophical roots of each perspective. Realism adopts a pessimistic view of human nature and inevitable conflict. Liberalism is more optimistic about human progress through trade and institutions. Marxism sees world politics defined by class divisions and conflict. Feminism emphasizes the exclusion of women and influence of gender norms. Constructivism argues state behavior is shaped by beliefs rather than objective factors. The document concludes that perspectives provide general frameworks but not specific policy directives, and different perspectives can sometimes arrive at similar answers for different
This document discusses feminist theory and its history. It explains that feminist theory developed from feminism to study gender inequalities in society through a theoretical lens. A key contributor was Simone de Beauvoir, whose 1949 book The Second Sex examined women's roles and treatment as the inferior sex, laying the foundation for feminist theory. The document also discusses the first wave of feminism in the 19th-early 20th centuries, which focused on issues like women's suffrage, education, and legal rights.
The document discusses various theoretical perspectives on feminism. It begins by defining feminism as a movement aimed at establishing equal rights and legal protection for women. It then outlines several waves and theories of feminism, including radical feminism, liberal feminism, socialist feminism, cultural feminism, and eco-feminism. For each theory, it provides details on their core beliefs and aims, such as challenging patriarchy, promoting legislation for equality, or valuing feminine qualities. The document concludes by discussing feminism's influence on the field of social work.
This document outlines the agenda and materials for an ELIT 48C class session on feminist criticism. The session will include a lecture on feminist criticism and a discussion of student questions related to feminist criticism and The Great Gatsby. Feminist criticism examines how literature reinforces or undermines the oppression of women. It looks at how aspects of culture are inherently patriarchal and exposes misogyny. The objectives of feminist criticism are discussed. An overview of first, second, and third wave feminism is provided. Students will then discuss feminist criticism and their questions in groups. Questions posed by students related to feminist criticism and The Great Gatsby are listed. The homework assignment is to read about African American criticism and post questions
This document provides an overview of feminist philosophy and perspectives on reproduction and the family. It discusses the history of feminist theories from thinkers like Mary Wollstonecraft in the 18th century through the 19th and 20th centuries. It outlines the main types of feminism including liberal, social, radical, and postmodern feminism. It also describes the three waves of feminism and discusses feminist perspectives in different regions like Africa and Ethiopia. In Ethiopia, it notes that while laws have promoted gender equality, patriarchal attitudes still limit women's socioeconomic status and political participation.
This document discusses challenging prejudice and building tolerance. It defines prejudice, stereotypes, and discrimination. Some types of prejudice discussed include racism, sexism, heterosexism, classism, linguicism, ageism, looksism, and religious intolerance. The effects of prejudice in schools are outlined, such as victims being more likely to drop out and having negative impacts on psychological and physical health. Education aims to counter influences that lead to fear, discrimination, and exclusion of others.
This document provides an overview of different types of feminism, including liberal feminism, radical feminism, cultural feminism, socialist/Marxist feminism, ecofeminism, black feminism, separatist feminism, I-feminism, psychoanalytic feminism, and Islamic feminism. It describes the key beliefs and goals of each type of feminism, such as seeking political, economic, and social equality through legal and social reforms (liberal feminism) or believing patriarchy is the root cause of women's oppression and a total social reconstruction is needed (radical feminism). The document aims to categorize feminism according to different perspectives on achieving the overall objective of gender equality.
This document provides an overview of different types of feminism, including liberal feminism, radical feminism, cultural feminism, socialist/Marxist feminism, ecofeminism, black feminism, separatist feminism, I-feminism, psychoanalytic feminism, and Islamic feminism. It describes the key beliefs and goals of each type of feminism, such as seeking political, economic, and social equality through legal and social reforms (liberal feminism) or believing patriarchy is the root cause of women's oppression and a total social reconstruction is needed (radical feminism). The document aims to categorize feminism according to different perspectives on achieving the overall objective of gender equality.
This chapter introduces the field of international relations by discussing its key topics and theoretical approaches. It defines international relations as the study of interactions among various global actors including states, international organizations, NGOs, subnational groups and individuals. It outlines foundational questions in IR like the relationship between individuals and society, and between societies. It also discusses how history, philosophy and international relations theories can be used to analyze patterns in global events and state behavior. Finally, it contrasts major theoretical perspectives in IR like realism, liberalism, constructivism and radical theories.
Feminists Family TheoryHistory, Ideas, Postulates and An.docxssuser454af01
Feminists Family Theory
History, Ideas, Postulates and Analyses
Family Feminists Theory essentially has its roots in feminist theory.
It is essential to acknowledge that there are several types of feminism.
Feminism in general is—
The organized movement which promotes equality for men and women in political, economic and social spheres.
Feminists believe that women are oppressed due to their sex—
patriarchy is the system which oppresses women;
ridding society of patriarchy will result in liberation for all.
As an ideology, feminism has existed in at least five waves.Some ideas of early theorists can be seen in some of these developments.1st Wave Early feminism 1700s—1920s2nd Wave Sufferage 1920s—1940s3rd Wave Modern 1950s—1960s4th Wave Reformation 1970s—1980s5th Wave Post Modern 1990s—now
Mary Wollstonecraft (1759—1797) was one of the first women to rebel against the idea of separate spheres.Public—men (finances, legal, politics, industry, struggle)Private—women (home, childcare)She saw these spheres as debilitating and reductionist.Wollstonecraft believe that these spheres kept women pretty, uneducated, and emotionally passiveThis meant that women could never be equal to men.
By the end of the 19th Century feminism started to develop as a major political movement known as women’s sufferage.During the 2nd Wave feminism was strongly supported by Simone de Beauvoir and Virginia Woolf.These two women are often called the “mothers of feminism.”
They were the first to attack and theoretically comment on women’s opporession
Simone de Beauvoir said, “one is not born but rather becomes a woman.”
She made this statement based on her distinctions between sex and gender.
Beauvoir became the first person to apply Hegel’s master—slave dialectic to the power relation between men and women.
In Hegel’s dialectic here is a struggle between self and other. The dependence of the other clashes with each self’s wish to be autonomous.Once self asserts its superiority and imposes recognition of his power of oppression on the other who submits—In other words, the master needs the slave to confirm his power—if he destroyed the other there would be no one to recognize him as master.Feminism in the 3rd Wave (contemporary) is committed to progressive or emancipatory goals of achieving equality for women in direct opposition to the Hegelian Master/Slave dialectic.
Modern feminism began in the 1960s concurrent with the Civil Rights and anti-Vietnam War protests—Issues wereequal pay for womenjob training for womenreproductive choicematernity leavesubsidized childcareend of sex discrimination.
The modern feminists movement generated several types of feminism
Liberal feminism
Marxist (Social) feminism
Radical feminism
Socialist feminismEach perspective examined the issues of subjugation and devaluation of women via male hegemonic systems.Each examined the laws and customs that that served to restrict and/or reduce women’s roles in society.
Libera ...
contending perspectives on international politicsHAFIZUDIN YAHAYA
This document outlines five major perspectives in international relations: realism, liberalism, Marxism, feminism, and constructivism. It provides an overview of the key analytical components, explanatory factors, and philosophical underpinnings of each perspective. Realism sees conflict among self-interested states as inevitable. Liberalism is more optimistic and emphasizes cooperation. Marxism views relations through the lens of class and economic interests. Feminism examines the role of gender in international politics. Constructivism posits that identities and norms shape state behavior. The document concludes that while perspectives provide frameworks, there is diversity within and among them.
This document discusses feminist theory and hermeneutic phenomenology. It provides information on different waves of feminism including first wave feminism which focused on issues like property rights and suffrage, second wave feminism which addressed discrimination, and third wave feminism which examined issues of diversity. It also describes key aspects of hermeneutic phenomenology including that it allows researchers to study how experiences and culture shape practices by eliciting stories from participants. Interpretation is a central focus, and understanding is seen as historically situated rather than objective.
Radical feminism sees patriarchy as a system of male power that oppresses women through social, political, and family structures. Early radical feminism advocated for androgyny and unisex roles, but this view was rejected in favor of acknowledging inherent differences between men and women and the need for feminist struggle and separatism. Radical feminists have debated whether women's oppression stems from their biology or men's biology, and more recently argue that gender itself is a social construct. The movement focuses on women's experiences and aims to understand and end the fundamental oppression of women by patriarchy.
Power and politics from a sociological perspectiveAlana Lentin
This document outlines the syllabus for a political sociology course taught over 10 weeks. It will examine power and politics from a sociological perspective, covering topics like the state, citizenship, race, sexuality, and inequality. Theories that will be discussed include those of Marx, Weber, and Foucault. Methods of instruction include lectures, case studies using films and documentaries, and workshops. Students will complete an essay and are encouraged to contribute ongoing discussions through online forums.
Feminism aims to achieve gender equality and has taken different forms over history. The document outlines several waves and types of feminism including liberal feminism which seeks equal rights, socialist feminism which links capitalism to patriarchy, radical feminism which sees patriarchy as the root of women's oppression, and anarcha-feminism which combines feminism with anti-authoritarianism and a rejection of hierarchies including patriarchy. Each wave of feminism, from the first wave's focus on suffrage to the fourth wave's emphasis on representation, introduced new ideas while building on previous movements.
Cultural studies is an interdisciplinary field that analyzes culture from diverse perspectives. It transcends traditional academic disciplines and brings together approaches from fields like history, philosophy, literary criticism, media studies, and political theory. Cultural studies examines how social hierarchies and power structures shape cultural production and meanings. It rejects distinctions between high and low culture, and analyzes the political and economic forces that influence cultural works and their distribution. A key goal is understanding culture as a site of social and political struggle.
ProSocial Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesPsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
You may be stressed about revealing your cancer diagnosis to your child or children.
Children love stories and these often provide parents with a means of broaching tricky subjects and so the ‘The Secret Warrior’ book was especially written for CANSA TLC, by creative writer and social worker, Sally Ann Carter.
Find out more:
https://cansa.org.za/resources-to-help-share-a-parent-or-loved-ones-cancer-diagnosis-with-a-child/
Más contenido relacionado
Similar a #7 Feminism in IR by Fajar Ajie Setiawan, PhD.pdf
FEMINIST THEORY IN CRIMINOLOGY
Feminist theory is a major branch within sociology, that shifts its assumptions, analytical lens and topical focus away from the male viewpoint and experience toward that of women.
It emphasis on gender distinction i.e., inequality resulting and of the system of patriarchy (i.e., men being more privileged in comparison to women)
FEMINIST THEORY IN CRIMINOLOGY
This branch focuses on the dominance of men over women and the impact it has on crimes by (female criminality)and against women(female victimization).
The development of different explanations of female criminality and conformity happened.
General ‘gendering’ of crime ,which include gendered explanations of certain male criminality.
Feminist theory in criminology attempt to explain the
treatment of women by the criminal justice system. In that
importance was given to how female victims of rape and other
sexual assault was treated by police,prosecution and judges.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in sociology. It defines sociology as the scientific study of human social behavior and society. Some important concepts discussed include social interaction, social organization, social structure and agency. It also summarizes sociological perspectives on society from prominent thinkers and outlines different subdisciplines and methods in sociology such as positivism, anti-positivism, and qualitative vs. quantitative approaches.
Confirming PagesUnder Western Eyes CHANDRA TA LPADE MO.docxmargaretr5
This document summarizes and critiques how Western feminist texts have portrayed "third world women" as a singular, monolithic subject. It identifies three analytic presumptions common in Western feminist discourse: 1) treating "women" as a coherent group with identical interests, regardless of other identities; 2) providing "proof" of cross-cultural validity without critique; 3) implying a model of power that positions some as oppressors and others as oppressed. As a result, third world women are portrayed as uniformly poor, uneducated, tradition-bound victims. The document calls for more nuanced analyses that consider how gender interacts with other social factors.
This document provides an overview of different types of feminism, including liberal feminism, radical feminism, Marxist/socialist feminism, psychoanalytical feminism, men's feminism, and postmodern feminism. For each type, the document discusses their origins, key advocates, salient features, and criticisms. The main differences highlighted between radical and liberal feminism are their views on the primary cause of women's oppression (patriarchal social structures vs. false beliefs of society) and approaches to transformation (changing the entire system vs. institutional changes).
C3 - Contending Perspectives on International PoliticsFatin Nazihah Aziz
This document outlines five major perspectives in international relations: realism, liberalism, Marxism, feminism, and constructivism. It provides an overview of the key analytical and explanatory components, prescriptive implications, and philosophical roots of each perspective. Realism adopts a pessimistic view of human nature and inevitable conflict. Liberalism is more optimistic about human progress through trade and institutions. Marxism sees world politics defined by class divisions and conflict. Feminism emphasizes the exclusion of women and influence of gender norms. Constructivism argues state behavior is shaped by beliefs rather than objective factors. The document concludes that perspectives provide general frameworks but not specific policy directives, and different perspectives can sometimes arrive at similar answers for different
This document discusses feminist theory and its history. It explains that feminist theory developed from feminism to study gender inequalities in society through a theoretical lens. A key contributor was Simone de Beauvoir, whose 1949 book The Second Sex examined women's roles and treatment as the inferior sex, laying the foundation for feminist theory. The document also discusses the first wave of feminism in the 19th-early 20th centuries, which focused on issues like women's suffrage, education, and legal rights.
The document discusses various theoretical perspectives on feminism. It begins by defining feminism as a movement aimed at establishing equal rights and legal protection for women. It then outlines several waves and theories of feminism, including radical feminism, liberal feminism, socialist feminism, cultural feminism, and eco-feminism. For each theory, it provides details on their core beliefs and aims, such as challenging patriarchy, promoting legislation for equality, or valuing feminine qualities. The document concludes by discussing feminism's influence on the field of social work.
This document outlines the agenda and materials for an ELIT 48C class session on feminist criticism. The session will include a lecture on feminist criticism and a discussion of student questions related to feminist criticism and The Great Gatsby. Feminist criticism examines how literature reinforces or undermines the oppression of women. It looks at how aspects of culture are inherently patriarchal and exposes misogyny. The objectives of feminist criticism are discussed. An overview of first, second, and third wave feminism is provided. Students will then discuss feminist criticism and their questions in groups. Questions posed by students related to feminist criticism and The Great Gatsby are listed. The homework assignment is to read about African American criticism and post questions
This document provides an overview of feminist philosophy and perspectives on reproduction and the family. It discusses the history of feminist theories from thinkers like Mary Wollstonecraft in the 18th century through the 19th and 20th centuries. It outlines the main types of feminism including liberal, social, radical, and postmodern feminism. It also describes the three waves of feminism and discusses feminist perspectives in different regions like Africa and Ethiopia. In Ethiopia, it notes that while laws have promoted gender equality, patriarchal attitudes still limit women's socioeconomic status and political participation.
This document discusses challenging prejudice and building tolerance. It defines prejudice, stereotypes, and discrimination. Some types of prejudice discussed include racism, sexism, heterosexism, classism, linguicism, ageism, looksism, and religious intolerance. The effects of prejudice in schools are outlined, such as victims being more likely to drop out and having negative impacts on psychological and physical health. Education aims to counter influences that lead to fear, discrimination, and exclusion of others.
This document provides an overview of different types of feminism, including liberal feminism, radical feminism, cultural feminism, socialist/Marxist feminism, ecofeminism, black feminism, separatist feminism, I-feminism, psychoanalytic feminism, and Islamic feminism. It describes the key beliefs and goals of each type of feminism, such as seeking political, economic, and social equality through legal and social reforms (liberal feminism) or believing patriarchy is the root cause of women's oppression and a total social reconstruction is needed (radical feminism). The document aims to categorize feminism according to different perspectives on achieving the overall objective of gender equality.
This document provides an overview of different types of feminism, including liberal feminism, radical feminism, cultural feminism, socialist/Marxist feminism, ecofeminism, black feminism, separatist feminism, I-feminism, psychoanalytic feminism, and Islamic feminism. It describes the key beliefs and goals of each type of feminism, such as seeking political, economic, and social equality through legal and social reforms (liberal feminism) or believing patriarchy is the root cause of women's oppression and a total social reconstruction is needed (radical feminism). The document aims to categorize feminism according to different perspectives on achieving the overall objective of gender equality.
This chapter introduces the field of international relations by discussing its key topics and theoretical approaches. It defines international relations as the study of interactions among various global actors including states, international organizations, NGOs, subnational groups and individuals. It outlines foundational questions in IR like the relationship between individuals and society, and between societies. It also discusses how history, philosophy and international relations theories can be used to analyze patterns in global events and state behavior. Finally, it contrasts major theoretical perspectives in IR like realism, liberalism, constructivism and radical theories.
Feminists Family TheoryHistory, Ideas, Postulates and An.docxssuser454af01
Feminists Family Theory
History, Ideas, Postulates and Analyses
Family Feminists Theory essentially has its roots in feminist theory.
It is essential to acknowledge that there are several types of feminism.
Feminism in general is—
The organized movement which promotes equality for men and women in political, economic and social spheres.
Feminists believe that women are oppressed due to their sex—
patriarchy is the system which oppresses women;
ridding society of patriarchy will result in liberation for all.
As an ideology, feminism has existed in at least five waves.Some ideas of early theorists can be seen in some of these developments.1st Wave Early feminism 1700s—1920s2nd Wave Sufferage 1920s—1940s3rd Wave Modern 1950s—1960s4th Wave Reformation 1970s—1980s5th Wave Post Modern 1990s—now
Mary Wollstonecraft (1759—1797) was one of the first women to rebel against the idea of separate spheres.Public—men (finances, legal, politics, industry, struggle)Private—women (home, childcare)She saw these spheres as debilitating and reductionist.Wollstonecraft believe that these spheres kept women pretty, uneducated, and emotionally passiveThis meant that women could never be equal to men.
By the end of the 19th Century feminism started to develop as a major political movement known as women’s sufferage.During the 2nd Wave feminism was strongly supported by Simone de Beauvoir and Virginia Woolf.These two women are often called the “mothers of feminism.”
They were the first to attack and theoretically comment on women’s opporession
Simone de Beauvoir said, “one is not born but rather becomes a woman.”
She made this statement based on her distinctions between sex and gender.
Beauvoir became the first person to apply Hegel’s master—slave dialectic to the power relation between men and women.
In Hegel’s dialectic here is a struggle between self and other. The dependence of the other clashes with each self’s wish to be autonomous.Once self asserts its superiority and imposes recognition of his power of oppression on the other who submits—In other words, the master needs the slave to confirm his power—if he destroyed the other there would be no one to recognize him as master.Feminism in the 3rd Wave (contemporary) is committed to progressive or emancipatory goals of achieving equality for women in direct opposition to the Hegelian Master/Slave dialectic.
Modern feminism began in the 1960s concurrent with the Civil Rights and anti-Vietnam War protests—Issues wereequal pay for womenjob training for womenreproductive choicematernity leavesubsidized childcareend of sex discrimination.
The modern feminists movement generated several types of feminism
Liberal feminism
Marxist (Social) feminism
Radical feminism
Socialist feminismEach perspective examined the issues of subjugation and devaluation of women via male hegemonic systems.Each examined the laws and customs that that served to restrict and/or reduce women’s roles in society.
Libera ...
contending perspectives on international politicsHAFIZUDIN YAHAYA
This document outlines five major perspectives in international relations: realism, liberalism, Marxism, feminism, and constructivism. It provides an overview of the key analytical components, explanatory factors, and philosophical underpinnings of each perspective. Realism sees conflict among self-interested states as inevitable. Liberalism is more optimistic and emphasizes cooperation. Marxism views relations through the lens of class and economic interests. Feminism examines the role of gender in international politics. Constructivism posits that identities and norms shape state behavior. The document concludes that while perspectives provide frameworks, there is diversity within and among them.
This document discusses feminist theory and hermeneutic phenomenology. It provides information on different waves of feminism including first wave feminism which focused on issues like property rights and suffrage, second wave feminism which addressed discrimination, and third wave feminism which examined issues of diversity. It also describes key aspects of hermeneutic phenomenology including that it allows researchers to study how experiences and culture shape practices by eliciting stories from participants. Interpretation is a central focus, and understanding is seen as historically situated rather than objective.
Radical feminism sees patriarchy as a system of male power that oppresses women through social, political, and family structures. Early radical feminism advocated for androgyny and unisex roles, but this view was rejected in favor of acknowledging inherent differences between men and women and the need for feminist struggle and separatism. Radical feminists have debated whether women's oppression stems from their biology or men's biology, and more recently argue that gender itself is a social construct. The movement focuses on women's experiences and aims to understand and end the fundamental oppression of women by patriarchy.
Power and politics from a sociological perspectiveAlana Lentin
This document outlines the syllabus for a political sociology course taught over 10 weeks. It will examine power and politics from a sociological perspective, covering topics like the state, citizenship, race, sexuality, and inequality. Theories that will be discussed include those of Marx, Weber, and Foucault. Methods of instruction include lectures, case studies using films and documentaries, and workshops. Students will complete an essay and are encouraged to contribute ongoing discussions through online forums.
Feminism aims to achieve gender equality and has taken different forms over history. The document outlines several waves and types of feminism including liberal feminism which seeks equal rights, socialist feminism which links capitalism to patriarchy, radical feminism which sees patriarchy as the root of women's oppression, and anarcha-feminism which combines feminism with anti-authoritarianism and a rejection of hierarchies including patriarchy. Each wave of feminism, from the first wave's focus on suffrage to the fourth wave's emphasis on representation, introduced new ideas while building on previous movements.
Cultural studies is an interdisciplinary field that analyzes culture from diverse perspectives. It transcends traditional academic disciplines and brings together approaches from fields like history, philosophy, literary criticism, media studies, and political theory. Cultural studies examines how social hierarchies and power structures shape cultural production and meanings. It rejects distinctions between high and low culture, and analyzes the political and economic forces that influence cultural works and their distribution. A key goal is understanding culture as a site of social and political struggle.
Similar a #7 Feminism in IR by Fajar Ajie Setiawan, PhD.pdf (20)
ProSocial Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesPsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
You may be stressed about revealing your cancer diagnosis to your child or children.
Children love stories and these often provide parents with a means of broaching tricky subjects and so the ‘The Secret Warrior’ book was especially written for CANSA TLC, by creative writer and social worker, Sally Ann Carter.
Find out more:
https://cansa.org.za/resources-to-help-share-a-parent-or-loved-ones-cancer-diagnosis-with-a-child/
Aggression - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesPsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Procrastination is a common challenge that many individuals face when it comes to completing tasks and achieving goals. It can hinder productivity and lead to feelings of stress and frustration.
However, with the right strategies and mindset, it is possible to overcome procrastination and increase productivity.
In this article, we will explore the causes of procrastination, how to recognize the signs of procrastination in oneself, and effective strategies for overcoming procrastination and boosting productivity.
Understanding of Self - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesPsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
As we navigate through the ebbs and flows of life, it is natural to experience moments of low motivation and dwindling passion for our goals.
However, it is important to remember that this is a common hurdle that can be overcome with the right strategies in place.
In this guide, we will explore ways to rekindle the fire within you and stay motivated towards your aspirations.
2. Positivism, Post -Positivism, and Interpretivism
• Postpositivism rejects the
positivist approach that a
researcher can be an
independent observer of the
social world.
• Postpositivist argue that the
ideas, and even the particular
identity, of a researcher
influences what they observe
and therefore impacts upon what
they conclude.
• Postpositivism pursues objective
answers by attempting to
recognize, and work with, such
biases with the theories and
knowledge that theorists develop
Post -Positivism
• Views the world as ‘out there’
waiting be observed and analyzed
by the researcher.
• Base their assumptions upon
analyzing physical elements
such as states and international
organizations.
• The study of facts and the
gathering of physical evidence.
• ‘good’ social research:
• Objectivity
• Replicability
• Falsification
Positivism
• Objectivity is impossible
• Focus on gaining subjective
knowledge through approaches
where individuals, or smaller
groups, are analyzed in depth
through detailed observations
and discussions
• This harnesses a broader
framework of ‘qualitative
analysis’ in which deeper sets of
data are sought from smaller
numbers of participants – such
as through detailed interviews.
Interpretivism
3. ● Interpretivist learning should be centered on contextual
understanding, not mathematical precision or universal
correctness.
● Instead of trying to achieve objectivity, replicability and falsifiability,
an interpretivist project must aim at demonstrating reflexivity and
hermeneutic sensibility.
● To some IR scholars, feminism represents yet another IR theory.
But to most theorists, feminism offers a variety of illuminating
critiques of the mainstream perspectives the world would be a
better place if women were given more space to define, describe,
and lead in domestic and international affairs (Mingst et al., 2019)
● Feminists argue that the IR discipline falls into the trap of believing
that the masculine experience is the human experience.
● Diverse perspective:
● Liberal
● Radical, and
● Postmodernist
FEMINISM as
interpretive understanding
4. ● Aristophanes (c. 446–386 BCE)
● portrayed women in Lysistrata not only as more oriented toward
peace and less prone to resort to warlike activities than men,
but also as powerful, often decisive actors in their own right.
● Mary Astell (1666–1731)
● “core liberal feminist belief that men and women are equally
capable of reason, and that therefore they should be equally
educated in its use.”
● Early radical feminism “man (whether as sexual predator or
tyrannous husband) is the natural enemy of woman” as well as
“the idea that women must be liberated from the need to please
men.”
● Susan B. Anthony (1820–1906)
● 20th century suffrage movement the right to vote leads to
universal suffrage the right to vote regardless of gender, race,
ethnicity, religion, wealth, income, social status, or political
stance.
FEMINISM Precursors
5. Major Assumptions
• Gender is a primary way to
signify relationships of power
in the world of foreign policy
and international relations
• Feminists emphasize social
relations as the key unit of
analysis, obviously interested
in the causes and
consequences of unequal
power relationships between
men and women
• Mainstream IR theories an
important task for feminist
theory is to make strange of
the basic concepts and
assumptions of it.
2
• Use gender approach as the
major category of analysis to
highlight women’s
perspectives on social issues
and research.
• Gender is a set of socially and
culturally constructed
characteristics that are (often
stereotypically) associated
with what it means in any
culture to be masculine or
feminine
• The two gender categories are
dependent upon one another
for their meaning
1 • Dedicated to the
emancipatory goal of
achieving equality for women
via the elimination of unequal
gender relations
• Rather than basing their
analysis on abstract
speculation of how anarchy
may influence the behavior of
rational, unitary states (as
many realists are prone to do),
the emphasis is on how, for
example, military conflict
among and within states
directly affects the lives of
the dispossessed, women in
particular.
3
6. ● Liberal feminists emphasize the exclusion of women from important public
spheres of social, political, and economic life.
● The first strand seeks to expose the many areas of international
relations where women are underrepresented and to identify ways to
overcome barriers
● The second strand looks to uncover women’s participation but not
reported/dismissed
● Radical Feminism
● Inequalities define the very structures in which women might
participate. Participation alone will not alter this fundamental fact
● Men more prone to conflict, women more nurturing genetic approach
but many also criticized
● Postmodern Feminism
● Aims to displace realist and liberal positivist discourse and epistemology
with a commitment to skepticism concerning truth claims about
international relations
● Postcolonial Feminism
● Focused on Third World countries and the roles women have played and
continue to play in tribal and other settings
● Rejecting the implicit assumption that women are essentially a
homogeneous group unaffected by race, class, culture, sexuality, and
history
Strands of FEMINISM
The nature of power
relationships up
and down the levels
of analysis
7. ● Gender and War
● Joshua Goldstein’s War and Gender despite political,
economic, and cultural differences, gender roles in war are
consistent across all known human societies (although this is
changing).
● The concept of security “Security for whom?”
● A spectrum of security
● Gender and International Organization
● Sandra Whitworth how international organizations are part of
complex political and social processes that aid in the
construction of assumptions about the proper roles of women
and men in the workforce
● Gender and Migration studies
● How protection during human mobility affects differently among
vulnerable groups including women?
Application of Feminism in IR