This document outlines a proposed research agenda to improve human-computer interaction (HCI). It identifies three key areas of focus: useful interaction, usable interaction, and universal interaction. For each area, it discusses challenges and proposes research to address them. The overarching goal is to make technology more useful, usable, and accessible to all users through improved design, evaluation methods, predictive models, and support for diverse abilities and contexts of use. The proposed agenda calls for substantial increases in HCI research funding across scientific, design, and engineering disciplines.
Tools and Techniques for Designing, Implementing, & Evaluating Ubiquitous Com...ijceronline
Interactive systems in the mobile, ubiquitous and virtual environments are at a stage of development where designers and developers are keen to find out more about design, use, and usability of these systems. Ubiquitous Computing is the design, implementation and usability that highlight the theories, techniques, tools and best practices in these environments. This paper shows that usable and useful systems that can be achieved in ways that will improve usability to enhance user experience. Research on the usability issues for young children, teenagers, adults and the elderly is presented with different techniques for the mobile, ubiquitous and virtual environments. Interactive frameworks in the portable, omnipresent, and virtual situations are at a phase of advancement where creators and engineers are quick to discover more about the outline, use, and ease of use of these frameworks. The objective of this research paper is to assess the tools and techniques for designing, implementing, and evaluating ubiquitous computing systems used by developers so as to formulate practical solutions that address the functionality of these systems. Ideal systems ensure that designers are able to develop and predict usability of systems at all the stages of virtual environments. This is particularly essential as it increases the experience of the users. This requires one to use the best tool and techniques backed by theories to practice the same. However this varies across different fields such as ubiquitous and mobile environments. In addition all the computing tools have to share visionary tools that allow them to network while at the same time they are processing and distinctively modeling the user interface. Some of the main methods that are used for smart devices include tools such as tabs, boards and pads. Various tools are usually used in the design of the works of the computer. The need to select appropriate techniques that will allow for the efficient use of the chosen techniques for the devices is thus a necessity. This implies that the selection of such tools should be based on set out effective techniques that have been tested so that the required output is achieved.
CRESUS-T: A COLLABORATIVE REQUIREMENTS ELICITATION SUPPORT TOOLijseajournal
Communicating an organisation's requirements in a semantically consistent and understandable manner
and then reflecting the potential impact of those requirements on the IT infrastructure presents a major
challenge among stakeholders. Initial research findings indicate a desire among business executives for a
tool that allows them to communicate organisational changes using natural language and a model of the IT
infrastructure that supports those changes. Building on a detailed analysis and evaluation of these findings,
the innovative CRESUS-T support tool was designed and implemented. The purpose of this research was to
investigate to what extent CRESUS-T both aids communication in the development of a shared
understanding and supports collaborative requirements elicitation to bring about organisational, and
associated IT infrastructural, change. In order to determine the extent shared understanding was fostered,
the support tool was evaluated in a case study of a business process for the roll out of the IT software
image at a third level educational institution. Statistical analysis showed that the CRESUS-T support tool
fostered shared understanding in the case study, through increased communication. Shared understanding
is also manifested in the creation of two knowledge representation artefacts namely, a requirements model
and the IT infrastructure model. The CRESUS-T support tool will be useful to requirements engineers and
business analysts that have to gather requirements asynchronously.
A Survey of Building Robust Business Models in Pervasive ComputingOsama M. Khaled
Pervasive computing is one of the most challenging and difficult computing domains nowadays. It includes many architectural challenges like context awareness, adaptability, mobility, availability, and scalability. There are currently few approaches which provide methodologies to build suitable architectural models that are more suited to the nature of the pervasive domain. This area still needs a lot of enhancements in order to let the software business analyst (BA) cognitively handle pervasive applications by using suitable tasks and tools. Accordingly, any proposed research topic that would attempt to define a development methodology can greatly help BAs in modeling pervasive applications with high efficiency. In this survey paper we address some of the most significant and current software engineering practices that are proving to be most effective in building pervasive systems.
For citation:
Osama M. Khaled and Hoda M. Hosny. A Survey of Building Robust Business Models in Pervasive Computing. An accepted paper in the 2014 World Congress in Computer Science Computer Engineering and Applied Computing
This document provides an overview of the subject of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI). It discusses the historical evolution of HCI from early computers to modern interfaces. It also covers key concepts like interactive system design, usability engineering, and the relationship between HCI and software engineering. The document outlines several topics that are important to HCI like GUI design, prototyping techniques, and research areas in HCI including ubiquitous computing and embedded systems.
Introduction to HUMAN COMPUTER INTERACTIONcarljamess2700
Human-computer interaction (HCI) involves understanding how people use computer systems and designing technology that is usable, useful, and satisfying. HCI draws from many disciplines like software engineering, psychology, computer science, and cognitive science. The goals of HCI include ensuring usability by designing interfaces that support users' tasks efficiently and effectively based on an understanding of human abilities and limitations as well as task and technology constraints. Teaching HCI principles to software engineers is important so they can build usable interfaces even without specialist expertise in user experience design.
CRESUS: A TOOL TO SUPPORT COLLABORATIVE REQUIREMENTS ELICITATION THROUGH ENHA...cscpconf
Communicating an organisation's requirements in a semantically consistent and understandable manner and then reflecting the potential impact of those requirements on the IT infrastructure presents a major challenge among stakeholders. Initial research findings indicate a desire among business executives for a tool that allows them to communicate organisational changes using natural language and a simulation of the IT infrastructure that supports those changes. Building on a detailed analysis and evaluation of these findings, the innovative CRESUS tool was designed and implemented. The purpose of this research was to investigate to what extent CRESUS both aids communication in the development of a shared understanding and supports collaborative requirements elicitation to bring about organisational, and associated IT infrastructural, change. This paper presents promising results that show how such a tool can facilitate collaborative requirements elicitation through increased communication around organisational change and the IT infrastructure.
Mobile Age: Open Data Mobile Apps to Support Independent LivingMobile Age Project
We present design insights for developing mobile services for senior citizens which have emerged through substantive engagement with end users and other stakeholders. We describe the aims of the Mobile Age project, and the ideas and rationale for applications that have emerged through a co-creation process. A trusted data platform is proposed along with apps that bring open data and mobile technology to work for an underserved population.
Christopher N. Bull
Will Simm
Bran Knowles
Oliver Bates
Nigel Davies
School of Computing and
Communications,
Lancaster University,
Lancaster, UK
c.bull@lancaster.ac.uk
branknowles9@gmail.com
w.simm@lancaster.ac.uk
o.bates@lancaster.ac.uk
n.a.davies@lancaster.ac.uk
Anindita Banerjee
Lucas Introna
Niall Hayes
Centre for the Study of Technology
and Organisation,
Lancaster University,
Lancaster, UK
a.banerjee2@lancaster.ac.uk
n.hayes@lancaster.ac.uk
l.introna@lancaster.ac.uk
Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for third-party components of this work must be honored. For all other
uses, contact the Owner/Author.
Copyright is held by the owner/author(s).
CHI'17 Extended Abstracts, May 06-11, 2017, Denver, CO, USA
ACM 978-1-4503-4656-6/17/05.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3027063.3053244
Tools and Techniques for Designing, Implementing, & Evaluating Ubiquitous Com...ijceronline
Interactive systems in the mobile, ubiquitous and virtual environments are at a stage of development where designers and developers are keen to find out more about design, use, and usability of these systems. Ubiquitous Computing is the design, implementation and usability that highlight the theories, techniques, tools and best practices in these environments. This paper shows that usable and useful systems that can be achieved in ways that will improve usability to enhance user experience. Research on the usability issues for young children, teenagers, adults and the elderly is presented with different techniques for the mobile, ubiquitous and virtual environments. Interactive frameworks in the portable, omnipresent, and virtual situations are at a phase of advancement where creators and engineers are quick to discover more about the outline, use, and ease of use of these frameworks. The objective of this research paper is to assess the tools and techniques for designing, implementing, and evaluating ubiquitous computing systems used by developers so as to formulate practical solutions that address the functionality of these systems. Ideal systems ensure that designers are able to develop and predict usability of systems at all the stages of virtual environments. This is particularly essential as it increases the experience of the users. This requires one to use the best tool and techniques backed by theories to practice the same. However this varies across different fields such as ubiquitous and mobile environments. In addition all the computing tools have to share visionary tools that allow them to network while at the same time they are processing and distinctively modeling the user interface. Some of the main methods that are used for smart devices include tools such as tabs, boards and pads. Various tools are usually used in the design of the works of the computer. The need to select appropriate techniques that will allow for the efficient use of the chosen techniques for the devices is thus a necessity. This implies that the selection of such tools should be based on set out effective techniques that have been tested so that the required output is achieved.
CRESUS-T: A COLLABORATIVE REQUIREMENTS ELICITATION SUPPORT TOOLijseajournal
Communicating an organisation's requirements in a semantically consistent and understandable manner
and then reflecting the potential impact of those requirements on the IT infrastructure presents a major
challenge among stakeholders. Initial research findings indicate a desire among business executives for a
tool that allows them to communicate organisational changes using natural language and a model of the IT
infrastructure that supports those changes. Building on a detailed analysis and evaluation of these findings,
the innovative CRESUS-T support tool was designed and implemented. The purpose of this research was to
investigate to what extent CRESUS-T both aids communication in the development of a shared
understanding and supports collaborative requirements elicitation to bring about organisational, and
associated IT infrastructural, change. In order to determine the extent shared understanding was fostered,
the support tool was evaluated in a case study of a business process for the roll out of the IT software
image at a third level educational institution. Statistical analysis showed that the CRESUS-T support tool
fostered shared understanding in the case study, through increased communication. Shared understanding
is also manifested in the creation of two knowledge representation artefacts namely, a requirements model
and the IT infrastructure model. The CRESUS-T support tool will be useful to requirements engineers and
business analysts that have to gather requirements asynchronously.
A Survey of Building Robust Business Models in Pervasive ComputingOsama M. Khaled
Pervasive computing is one of the most challenging and difficult computing domains nowadays. It includes many architectural challenges like context awareness, adaptability, mobility, availability, and scalability. There are currently few approaches which provide methodologies to build suitable architectural models that are more suited to the nature of the pervasive domain. This area still needs a lot of enhancements in order to let the software business analyst (BA) cognitively handle pervasive applications by using suitable tasks and tools. Accordingly, any proposed research topic that would attempt to define a development methodology can greatly help BAs in modeling pervasive applications with high efficiency. In this survey paper we address some of the most significant and current software engineering practices that are proving to be most effective in building pervasive systems.
For citation:
Osama M. Khaled and Hoda M. Hosny. A Survey of Building Robust Business Models in Pervasive Computing. An accepted paper in the 2014 World Congress in Computer Science Computer Engineering and Applied Computing
This document provides an overview of the subject of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI). It discusses the historical evolution of HCI from early computers to modern interfaces. It also covers key concepts like interactive system design, usability engineering, and the relationship between HCI and software engineering. The document outlines several topics that are important to HCI like GUI design, prototyping techniques, and research areas in HCI including ubiquitous computing and embedded systems.
Introduction to HUMAN COMPUTER INTERACTIONcarljamess2700
Human-computer interaction (HCI) involves understanding how people use computer systems and designing technology that is usable, useful, and satisfying. HCI draws from many disciplines like software engineering, psychology, computer science, and cognitive science. The goals of HCI include ensuring usability by designing interfaces that support users' tasks efficiently and effectively based on an understanding of human abilities and limitations as well as task and technology constraints. Teaching HCI principles to software engineers is important so they can build usable interfaces even without specialist expertise in user experience design.
CRESUS: A TOOL TO SUPPORT COLLABORATIVE REQUIREMENTS ELICITATION THROUGH ENHA...cscpconf
Communicating an organisation's requirements in a semantically consistent and understandable manner and then reflecting the potential impact of those requirements on the IT infrastructure presents a major challenge among stakeholders. Initial research findings indicate a desire among business executives for a tool that allows them to communicate organisational changes using natural language and a simulation of the IT infrastructure that supports those changes. Building on a detailed analysis and evaluation of these findings, the innovative CRESUS tool was designed and implemented. The purpose of this research was to investigate to what extent CRESUS both aids communication in the development of a shared understanding and supports collaborative requirements elicitation to bring about organisational, and associated IT infrastructural, change. This paper presents promising results that show how such a tool can facilitate collaborative requirements elicitation through increased communication around organisational change and the IT infrastructure.
Mobile Age: Open Data Mobile Apps to Support Independent LivingMobile Age Project
We present design insights for developing mobile services for senior citizens which have emerged through substantive engagement with end users and other stakeholders. We describe the aims of the Mobile Age project, and the ideas and rationale for applications that have emerged through a co-creation process. A trusted data platform is proposed along with apps that bring open data and mobile technology to work for an underserved population.
Christopher N. Bull
Will Simm
Bran Knowles
Oliver Bates
Nigel Davies
School of Computing and
Communications,
Lancaster University,
Lancaster, UK
c.bull@lancaster.ac.uk
branknowles9@gmail.com
w.simm@lancaster.ac.uk
o.bates@lancaster.ac.uk
n.a.davies@lancaster.ac.uk
Anindita Banerjee
Lucas Introna
Niall Hayes
Centre for the Study of Technology
and Organisation,
Lancaster University,
Lancaster, UK
a.banerjee2@lancaster.ac.uk
n.hayes@lancaster.ac.uk
l.introna@lancaster.ac.uk
Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for third-party components of this work must be honored. For all other
uses, contact the Owner/Author.
Copyright is held by the owner/author(s).
CHI'17 Extended Abstracts, May 06-11, 2017, Denver, CO, USA
ACM 978-1-4503-4656-6/17/05.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3027063.3053244
The document discusses a usability test conducted on the Basta Pasta website. Two participants tested the site's usability by attempting common tasks while thinkers observed and took notes. Both participants were generally able to complete the tasks, though one needed some references. The one-on-one nature of the interviews allowed addressing individual concerns and correcting misunderstandings. The report recommends design changes to improve the site's usability based on findings from the test.
HCI is the study of how humans interact with computers and how computers can be designed for successful human interaction. HCI involves three main components - the user, the computer, and how they interact. The goals of HCI are to design usable, safe, and functional systems by understanding human factors and developing tools that prioritize people. HCI draws from many disciplines like cognitive psychology, social psychology, ergonomics, and computer science. Key topics in HCI include user customization, embedded computation, augmented reality, and brain-computer interfaces.
The document summarizes a research paper that proposes a framework for integrating human-computer interaction (HCI) processes into distributed software development. It begins by discussing how HCI and software development have traditionally evolved independently. It then presents a proposed HCI process framework that includes four phases made up of analysis, design, implementation, and evaluation activities. Each activity involves specific methods, skills, and deliverables. The framework is meant to facilitate communication between HCI and development teams. The document also analyzes gaps between HCI and distributed development approaches and priorities. It argues that integrating the two fields could help deliver higher quality products that better meet users' needs.
Human-computer interaction (HCI) is a field concerned with designing effective user interfaces and systems. It involves understanding how users interact with computers and digital technologies. HCI considers factors related to users, tasks, environments, and systems. The goal of HCI is to create interfaces that allow humans to efficiently and effectively use computer systems. As technology has advanced, HCI has evolved from physical inputs like keyboards to include touchscreens, voice recognition, and other natural interfaces. HCI also draws from other disciplines to inform the design of user-centered systems.
This document discusses the importance of computers in human life and management until 2020. It covers several topics related to human-computer interaction (HCI) including the goals of HCI research, the relationship between humans and computers, differences between the human brain and computers, resources used for interaction, and interface analysis and specification. The key goals of HCI research are to create computer interfaces that are more usable and understandable in order to maximize effectiveness and efficiency. Understanding how humans use technology and creating tools to enable building appropriate interfaces are important to achieving this goal.
The International Journal of Information Technology, Control and Automation (...IJITCA Journal
The International Journal of Information Technology, Control and Automation (IJITCA) is a Quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of Information Technology (IT), Control Systems and Automation Engineering. The journal focuses on all technical and practical aspects of IT, Control Systems and Automation with applications in real-world engineering and scientific problems. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on information technology, control engineering, automation, modeling concepts and establishing new collaborations in these areas.
Authors are invited to contribute to this journal by submitting articles that illustrate research results, projects, surveying works and industrial experiences that describe significant advances in Information Technology, Control Systems and Automation.
The International Journal of Information Technology, Control and Automation (...IJITCA Journal
The International Journal of Information Technology, Control and Automation (IJITCA) is a Quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of Information Technology (IT), Control Systems and Automation Engineering. The journal focuses on all technical and practical aspects of IT, Control Systems and Automation with applications in real-world engineering and scientific problems. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on information technology, control engineering, automation, modeling concepts and establishing new collaborations in these areas.
Authors are invited to contribute to this journal by submitting articles that illustrate research results, projects, surveying works and industrial experiences that describe significant advances in Information Technology, Control Systems and Automation.
INVESTIGATING HUMAN-MACHINE INTERFACES’ EFFICIENCY IN INDUSTRIAL MACHINERY AN...IJITCA Journal
The twenty-first century has seen a vast technological revolution characterized by the development of
cyber-physical systems, integration of things, and new and computationally improved machines and
systems. However, there have been seemingly little strides in the development of user interfaces,
specifically for industrial machines and equipment. The aim of this study was to assess the efficiency of the
human-machine interfaces in the Kenyan context in providing a consistent and reliable working
environment for industrial machine operators. The researcher employed a convenient purposive sampling
to select 15 participants who had at least two years of hands-on experience in machines operation, control,
or instrumentation. The results of the study are herein presented, including the recommendations to
enhance workforce productivity and efficiency.
INVESTIGATING HUMAN-MACHINE INTERFACES’ EFFICIENCY IN INDUSTRIAL MACHINERY AN...IJITCA Journal
The document discusses a study that assessed the efficiency of human-machine interfaces in providing a consistent operating environment for industrial machine operators in Kenya. 15 machine operators completed a survey assessing their satisfaction with and recommendations for improving interfaces. Results found interfaces were rated as "very good" but some improvements were recommended, especially adding functionalities. The study concluded that while interface usability is acceptable, satisfaction is still low and interfaces need to be more innovative, friendly and operable to increase machine and organizational efficiency.
rsos.royalsocietypublishing.orgReviewCite this article .docxhealdkathaleen
rsos.royalsocietypublishing.org
Review
Cite this article: Calder M etal. 2018
Computational modelling for
decision-making: where, why, what, who and
how. R.Soc.opensci. 5: 172096.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.172096
Received: 6 December 2017
Accepted: 10 May 2018
Subject Category:
Computer science
Subject Areas:
computer modelling and
simulation/mathematical modelling
Keywords:
modelling, decision-making, data,
uncertainty, complexity, communication
Author for correspondence:
Muffy Calder
e-mail: [email protected]
Computational modelling
for decision-making: where,
why, what, who and how
Muffy Calder1, Claire Craig2, Dave Culley3, Richard de
Cani4, Christl A. Donnelly5, Rowan Douglas6, Bruce
Edmonds7, Jonathon Gascoigne6, Nigel Gilbert8,
Caroline Hargrove9, Derwen Hinds10, David C. Lane11,
Dervilla Mitchell4, Giles Pavey12, David Robertson13,
Bridget Rosewell14, Spencer Sherwin15, Mark
Walport16 and Alan Wilson17
1School of Computing Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
2The Royal Society, London, UK
3Improbable, London, UK
4Arup, London, UK
5MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease
Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, UK
6Willis Towers Watson, London, UK
7Centre for Policy Modelling, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
8Centre for Research in Social Simulation, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
9McLaren Applied Technologies, Woking, UK
10National Cyber Security Centre, UK
11Henley Business School, University of Reading, Reading, UK
12Consultant, UK
13School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
14Volterra Partners, London, UK
15Department of Aeronautics, Imperial College London, London, UK
16UK Research and Innovation, London, UK
17The Alan Turing Institute, London, UK
BE, 0000-0002-3903-2507
In order to deal with an increasingly complex world, we
need ever more sophisticated computational models that can
help us make decisions wisely and understand the potential
consequences of choices. But creating a model requires far
more than just raw data and technical skills: it requires a
2018 The Authors. Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons
Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted
use, provided the original author and source are credited.
http://crossmark.crossref.org/dialog/?doi=10.1098/rsos.172096&domain=pdf&date_stamp=2018-06-20
mailto:[email protected]
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3903-2507
2
rsos.royalsocietypublishing.org
R.Soc.open
sci.5:172096
.................................................
close collaboration between model commissioners, developers, users and reviewers. Good modelling
requires its users and commissioners to understand more about the whole process, including the
different kinds of purpose a model can have and the different technical bases. This paper offers a
guide to the process of commissioning, developing and deploying mo ...
No Interface? No Problem: Applying HCD Agile to Data Projects (Righi)Kath Straub
This paper will be published in the Nov 2020 Issue of Journal of Usability Studies. (https://uxpajournal.org/). Its being pre-printed here with permission from the author and the Journal Board.
In October 2019, a group of human-centered designers,
agilists, data scientists, and other technology enablement
practitioners joined to share their thoughts about a topic of
common interest: How should the principles and practices of
human-centered design, Agile development, and the
overarching process of HCDAgile be applied to products that
have no obvious user interface?
The group’s objective was to develop guidance based upon
shared knowledge across disciplines and industries for
leveraging HCDAgile in data projects. In this paper we share
our initial observations from the meeting.
Fair balance: I participated in the huddle that led to this paper, but not in writing up the paper. Thanks to Carol Righi for doing the needful.
APPLICATION OF A MULTILEVEL TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE MANAGEMENT MODEL FOR EFFECT...ijcsit
Effective deployment of a technology in an environment is the desire of many system developers. Positive uptake of a technology coupled with user acceptance is deemed as a key indicator towards technology acceptance. Knowledge is weighed as a strategic resource for any successful data driven decision making initiative. Institutions leverage on technological initiatives and tools to drive knowledge management (KM) initiatives that enhance quality service delivery and prudent data management. These initiatives provide the overall strategy for managing data resources. They make available knowledge organization tools and techniques while enabling regular updates. Derived benefits of positive deployment of a technological intervention are competency enhancement through gained knowledge, raised quality of service and promotion of healthy development of e-commerce. Successful and timely adoption of technological interventions through which knowledge management initiatives are deployed remains a key challenge to many organizations. This paper proposes the application of a wholesome multilevel technology acceptance management model towards effective technology deployment. The proposed model takes into account human, technological and organizational variables, which exist in a deployment environment. This model will be vital in driving early technology acceptance pred
Effective deployment of a technology in an environment is the desire of many system developers. Positive uptake of a technology coupled with user acceptance is deemed as a key indicator towards technology acceptance. Knowledge is weighed as a strategic resource for any successful data driven decision making initiative. Institutions leverage on technological initiatives and tools to drive knowledge management (KM) initiatives that enhance quality service delivery and prudent data management. These initiatives provide the overall strategy for managing data resources. They make available knowledge organization tools and techniques while enabling regular updates. Derived benefits of positive deployment of a technological intervention are competency enhancement through gained knowledge, raised quality of service and promotion of healthy development of e-commerce. Successful and timely adoption of technological interventions through which knowledge management initiatives are deployed remains a key challenge to many organizations. This paper proposes the application of a wholesome multilevel technology acceptance management model towards effective technology deployment. The proposed model takes into account human, technological and organizational variables, which exist in a deployment environment. This model will be vital in driving early technology acceptance prediction and timely deployment of mitigation measures to deploy technological interventions successfully.
An Exploratory Study of Usability Practice from User-Centered Design View: M...Ruby Kuo
The document summarizes an exploratory study on usability practice from a user-centered design perspective in Taiwan's internet industry. Through in-depth interviews with 14 professionals, the study found:
1) Usability knowledge and skills were generally lacking, with most learning through experience rather than formal training.
2) Design methods were typically linear rather than iterative as recommended by user-centered design. Deadlines often took priority over usability.
3) While usability testing and prototyping were acknowledged as helpful, they were seldom used due to schedule and budget constraints. Users tended to be involved primarily to satisfy business goals rather than design goals.
THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE was innovatively created by Google engineers and it is ready for production in record time. The success of Google is to attributed the efficient search algorithm, and also to the underlying commodity hardware. As Google run number of application then Google’s goal became to build a vast storage network out of inexpensive commodity hardware. So Google create its own file system, named as THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE that is GFS. THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE is one of the largest file system in operation. Generally THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE is a scalable distributed file system of large distributed data intensive apps. In the design phase of THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE, in which the given stress includes component failures , files are huge and files are mutated by appending data. The entire file system is organized hierarchically in directories and identified by pathnames. The architecture comprises of multiple chunk servers, multiple clients and a single master. Files are divided into chunks, and that is the key design parameter. THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE also uses leases and mutation order in their design to achieve atomicity and consistency. As of there fault tolerance, THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE is highly available, replicas of chunk servers and master exists.
This is the Second webinar about a Megatris Comp ‘s IoT design method Here&Now.
The method has the scope to design contextual, liquid, intelligent and connected applications. This means to design software with a level of new cognitive artificial intelligence able to deploy applications that have a level of understanding depending on context; it learns from events and have some level of autonomy with respect to routine activities.
Hci and its effective use in design and development of good user interfaceeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
The document provides an introduction to the course CS E4505 - Human Computer Interaction. It discusses what HCI is, its interdisciplinary nature, examples of computer systems that require interaction, and levels of interaction from individual to community use. It also outlines the goals and philosophy of the course, including grading criteria and an overview of the course textbook.
The document discusses offensive speech and the FBI's priority to protect citizens from hate crimes and terrorism. While the First Amendment protects free speech, the government's view of offensive speech has evolved over time. Courts play a key role in protecting free speech from government overregulation based on interpreting the First Amendment.
How To Write An Opinion Essay Essay TigersMonica Waters
This document discusses HR recruitment practices for hiring employees. It explains that HR recruitment was originally used primarily by large corporations but is now common for many ordinary companies as well. The needs of HR recruitment in organizations have changed in recent years, and the process now exists in most organizations to improve efficiency. The recruitment system is at the heart of every business, so ensuring consistency at every level is important to enhance effectiveness in hiring and retention.
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The document discusses a usability test conducted on the Basta Pasta website. Two participants tested the site's usability by attempting common tasks while thinkers observed and took notes. Both participants were generally able to complete the tasks, though one needed some references. The one-on-one nature of the interviews allowed addressing individual concerns and correcting misunderstandings. The report recommends design changes to improve the site's usability based on findings from the test.
HCI is the study of how humans interact with computers and how computers can be designed for successful human interaction. HCI involves three main components - the user, the computer, and how they interact. The goals of HCI are to design usable, safe, and functional systems by understanding human factors and developing tools that prioritize people. HCI draws from many disciplines like cognitive psychology, social psychology, ergonomics, and computer science. Key topics in HCI include user customization, embedded computation, augmented reality, and brain-computer interfaces.
The document summarizes a research paper that proposes a framework for integrating human-computer interaction (HCI) processes into distributed software development. It begins by discussing how HCI and software development have traditionally evolved independently. It then presents a proposed HCI process framework that includes four phases made up of analysis, design, implementation, and evaluation activities. Each activity involves specific methods, skills, and deliverables. The framework is meant to facilitate communication between HCI and development teams. The document also analyzes gaps between HCI and distributed development approaches and priorities. It argues that integrating the two fields could help deliver higher quality products that better meet users' needs.
Human-computer interaction (HCI) is a field concerned with designing effective user interfaces and systems. It involves understanding how users interact with computers and digital technologies. HCI considers factors related to users, tasks, environments, and systems. The goal of HCI is to create interfaces that allow humans to efficiently and effectively use computer systems. As technology has advanced, HCI has evolved from physical inputs like keyboards to include touchscreens, voice recognition, and other natural interfaces. HCI also draws from other disciplines to inform the design of user-centered systems.
This document discusses the importance of computers in human life and management until 2020. It covers several topics related to human-computer interaction (HCI) including the goals of HCI research, the relationship between humans and computers, differences between the human brain and computers, resources used for interaction, and interface analysis and specification. The key goals of HCI research are to create computer interfaces that are more usable and understandable in order to maximize effectiveness and efficiency. Understanding how humans use technology and creating tools to enable building appropriate interfaces are important to achieving this goal.
The International Journal of Information Technology, Control and Automation (...IJITCA Journal
The International Journal of Information Technology, Control and Automation (IJITCA) is a Quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of Information Technology (IT), Control Systems and Automation Engineering. The journal focuses on all technical and practical aspects of IT, Control Systems and Automation with applications in real-world engineering and scientific problems. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on information technology, control engineering, automation, modeling concepts and establishing new collaborations in these areas.
Authors are invited to contribute to this journal by submitting articles that illustrate research results, projects, surveying works and industrial experiences that describe significant advances in Information Technology, Control Systems and Automation.
The International Journal of Information Technology, Control and Automation (...IJITCA Journal
The International Journal of Information Technology, Control and Automation (IJITCA) is a Quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of Information Technology (IT), Control Systems and Automation Engineering. The journal focuses on all technical and practical aspects of IT, Control Systems and Automation with applications in real-world engineering and scientific problems. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on information technology, control engineering, automation, modeling concepts and establishing new collaborations in these areas.
Authors are invited to contribute to this journal by submitting articles that illustrate research results, projects, surveying works and industrial experiences that describe significant advances in Information Technology, Control Systems and Automation.
INVESTIGATING HUMAN-MACHINE INTERFACES’ EFFICIENCY IN INDUSTRIAL MACHINERY AN...IJITCA Journal
The twenty-first century has seen a vast technological revolution characterized by the development of
cyber-physical systems, integration of things, and new and computationally improved machines and
systems. However, there have been seemingly little strides in the development of user interfaces,
specifically for industrial machines and equipment. The aim of this study was to assess the efficiency of the
human-machine interfaces in the Kenyan context in providing a consistent and reliable working
environment for industrial machine operators. The researcher employed a convenient purposive sampling
to select 15 participants who had at least two years of hands-on experience in machines operation, control,
or instrumentation. The results of the study are herein presented, including the recommendations to
enhance workforce productivity and efficiency.
INVESTIGATING HUMAN-MACHINE INTERFACES’ EFFICIENCY IN INDUSTRIAL MACHINERY AN...IJITCA Journal
The document discusses a study that assessed the efficiency of human-machine interfaces in providing a consistent operating environment for industrial machine operators in Kenya. 15 machine operators completed a survey assessing their satisfaction with and recommendations for improving interfaces. Results found interfaces were rated as "very good" but some improvements were recommended, especially adding functionalities. The study concluded that while interface usability is acceptable, satisfaction is still low and interfaces need to be more innovative, friendly and operable to increase machine and organizational efficiency.
rsos.royalsocietypublishing.orgReviewCite this article .docxhealdkathaleen
rsos.royalsocietypublishing.org
Review
Cite this article: Calder M etal. 2018
Computational modelling for
decision-making: where, why, what, who and
how. R.Soc.opensci. 5: 172096.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.172096
Received: 6 December 2017
Accepted: 10 May 2018
Subject Category:
Computer science
Subject Areas:
computer modelling and
simulation/mathematical modelling
Keywords:
modelling, decision-making, data,
uncertainty, complexity, communication
Author for correspondence:
Muffy Calder
e-mail: [email protected]
Computational modelling
for decision-making: where,
why, what, who and how
Muffy Calder1, Claire Craig2, Dave Culley3, Richard de
Cani4, Christl A. Donnelly5, Rowan Douglas6, Bruce
Edmonds7, Jonathon Gascoigne6, Nigel Gilbert8,
Caroline Hargrove9, Derwen Hinds10, David C. Lane11,
Dervilla Mitchell4, Giles Pavey12, David Robertson13,
Bridget Rosewell14, Spencer Sherwin15, Mark
Walport16 and Alan Wilson17
1School of Computing Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
2The Royal Society, London, UK
3Improbable, London, UK
4Arup, London, UK
5MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease
Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, UK
6Willis Towers Watson, London, UK
7Centre for Policy Modelling, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
8Centre for Research in Social Simulation, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
9McLaren Applied Technologies, Woking, UK
10National Cyber Security Centre, UK
11Henley Business School, University of Reading, Reading, UK
12Consultant, UK
13School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
14Volterra Partners, London, UK
15Department of Aeronautics, Imperial College London, London, UK
16UK Research and Innovation, London, UK
17The Alan Turing Institute, London, UK
BE, 0000-0002-3903-2507
In order to deal with an increasingly complex world, we
need ever more sophisticated computational models that can
help us make decisions wisely and understand the potential
consequences of choices. But creating a model requires far
more than just raw data and technical skills: it requires a
2018 The Authors. Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons
Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted
use, provided the original author and source are credited.
http://crossmark.crossref.org/dialog/?doi=10.1098/rsos.172096&domain=pdf&date_stamp=2018-06-20
mailto:[email protected]
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3903-2507
2
rsos.royalsocietypublishing.org
R.Soc.open
sci.5:172096
.................................................
close collaboration between model commissioners, developers, users and reviewers. Good modelling
requires its users and commissioners to understand more about the whole process, including the
different kinds of purpose a model can have and the different technical bases. This paper offers a
guide to the process of commissioning, developing and deploying mo ...
No Interface? No Problem: Applying HCD Agile to Data Projects (Righi)Kath Straub
This paper will be published in the Nov 2020 Issue of Journal of Usability Studies. (https://uxpajournal.org/). Its being pre-printed here with permission from the author and the Journal Board.
In October 2019, a group of human-centered designers,
agilists, data scientists, and other technology enablement
practitioners joined to share their thoughts about a topic of
common interest: How should the principles and practices of
human-centered design, Agile development, and the
overarching process of HCDAgile be applied to products that
have no obvious user interface?
The group’s objective was to develop guidance based upon
shared knowledge across disciplines and industries for
leveraging HCDAgile in data projects. In this paper we share
our initial observations from the meeting.
Fair balance: I participated in the huddle that led to this paper, but not in writing up the paper. Thanks to Carol Righi for doing the needful.
APPLICATION OF A MULTILEVEL TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE MANAGEMENT MODEL FOR EFFECT...ijcsit
Effective deployment of a technology in an environment is the desire of many system developers. Positive uptake of a technology coupled with user acceptance is deemed as a key indicator towards technology acceptance. Knowledge is weighed as a strategic resource for any successful data driven decision making initiative. Institutions leverage on technological initiatives and tools to drive knowledge management (KM) initiatives that enhance quality service delivery and prudent data management. These initiatives provide the overall strategy for managing data resources. They make available knowledge organization tools and techniques while enabling regular updates. Derived benefits of positive deployment of a technological intervention are competency enhancement through gained knowledge, raised quality of service and promotion of healthy development of e-commerce. Successful and timely adoption of technological interventions through which knowledge management initiatives are deployed remains a key challenge to many organizations. This paper proposes the application of a wholesome multilevel technology acceptance management model towards effective technology deployment. The proposed model takes into account human, technological and organizational variables, which exist in a deployment environment. This model will be vital in driving early technology acceptance pred
Effective deployment of a technology in an environment is the desire of many system developers. Positive uptake of a technology coupled with user acceptance is deemed as a key indicator towards technology acceptance. Knowledge is weighed as a strategic resource for any successful data driven decision making initiative. Institutions leverage on technological initiatives and tools to drive knowledge management (KM) initiatives that enhance quality service delivery and prudent data management. These initiatives provide the overall strategy for managing data resources. They make available knowledge organization tools and techniques while enabling regular updates. Derived benefits of positive deployment of a technological intervention are competency enhancement through gained knowledge, raised quality of service and promotion of healthy development of e-commerce. Successful and timely adoption of technological interventions through which knowledge management initiatives are deployed remains a key challenge to many organizations. This paper proposes the application of a wholesome multilevel technology acceptance management model towards effective technology deployment. The proposed model takes into account human, technological and organizational variables, which exist in a deployment environment. This model will be vital in driving early technology acceptance prediction and timely deployment of mitigation measures to deploy technological interventions successfully.
An Exploratory Study of Usability Practice from User-Centered Design View: M...Ruby Kuo
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1) Usability knowledge and skills were generally lacking, with most learning through experience rather than formal training.
2) Design methods were typically linear rather than iterative as recommended by user-centered design. Deadlines often took priority over usability.
3) While usability testing and prototyping were acknowledged as helpful, they were seldom used due to schedule and budget constraints. Users tended to be involved primarily to satisfy business goals rather than design goals.
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The method has the scope to design contextual, liquid, intelligent and connected applications. This means to design software with a level of new cognitive artificial intelligence able to deploy applications that have a level of understanding depending on context; it learns from events and have some level of autonomy with respect to routine activities.
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The document provides an introduction to the course CS E4505 - Human Computer Interaction. It discusses what HCI is, its interdisciplinary nature, examples of computer systems that require interaction, and levels of interaction from individual to community use. It also outlines the goals and philosophy of the course, including grading criteria and an overview of the course textbook.
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A Research Agenda For Highly Effective Human-Computer Interaction
1. A Research Agenda for Highly Effective Human-
Computer Interaction: Useful, Usable, and
Universal
**Interim Report**
Organizers: Jean Scholtz, Michael Muller, David Novick, Dan R. Olsen Jr., Ben
Shneiderman, and Cathleen Wharton
Workshop Attendees: Joelle Coutaz, Rae Earnshaw, Austin Henderson, Andruid
Kerne, Mary Jones, Laura Leventhal, Helen M. Meng, William Newman, Steven
Pemberton, Mary Beth Rosson, and Alistair Sutcliffe
Foreword: The ACM SIGCHI (Associationfor Computing
Machinery Special lnterest Group in Computer Human
Interaction) community conducted a deliberative process
involving a high-visibility committee, a day-long workshop
at CH199 (Pittsburgh, PA, May 15, 1999) and a collabora-
tive authoring process. This interim report is offered to
producefurther discussion and input leading to endorse-
ment by the SIGCHI Executive Committee and then other
professional societies. The scope of this research agenda
included advanced information and communications tech-
nology research that could yield benefits over the next two
tofive years.
The participants included representativesfrom several
countries, but this draft needs refinement to satisfy the
unique situations of each nation and each situation.
Introduction
Research in information and communications technologies
has produced advanced networking, high performance hard-
ware, and powerful software environments. However, too
often we lose the benefits of these technologies because the
user interfaces are poor. A comprehensive plan of research
in Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) will ensure that users
and organizations derive the full benefits of advanced infor-
mation and communications technologies.
A major research program in Highly EffectiveHuman-Com-
puter Interaction will make the next generation of user inter-
faces dramatically more useful, usable, and universal. More
useful systems will contribute to societal goals of providing
quality services, improving education, and fosCennga strong
economic climate. More usable systems will result in safer,
more reliable and more satisfying systems to use, as well as
systems that require less maintenance. Universal interfaces
will enable increased participation and success by for all cit-
izens: novices and experts, young and old, men and women,
rich and poor.
The top priority applications for an HCI research focus are
medicine, transportation, electronic commerce, education
and training, and national security. In each of these domains,
HCI research is needed to develop improved design methods
and metrics, improved tools for building usable, consistent,
and reliable user interfaces, software architectures for the
next generation of user interfaces, and improved methods of
delivering online assistance. Usable interfaces must be pro-
vided to everyone: diverse users with differing cognitive,
perceptual, learning and physical abilities, on a wide-range
of hardware/software platforms, with varying network
capacities.
We propose HCI research that focuses on expanding proven
strategies that will have profound impacts on national prior-
ities of economic development improved well-being of citi-
zens, and national security. Exploratory development of
novel devices and strategies is also important, but our focus
is on high-payoffresearch in science, design, and engineer-
ing. We recommend substantial increases in scientific,
design, and engineenng research for pervasive highly effec-
tive human-computer interaction that support diverse users,
working alone and within groups, and located at work, at
home, or while traveling.
SIGCHI Bulletin Volume31, Number 4 October 1999 13
2. Useful Interaction Usable Interaction
Computers and computation play an ever-increasing role in
our work and personal lives. Cheaper, smaller, and faster
hardware is yielding a wide range of new products that fun-
damentally changes our perceptions of what a computer is
and what it can be used for.
Computing no longer only sits on the desktop but is becom-
ing pervasive in society. Advances in microelectronics, net-
working, and wireless communications give us the
opportunity to access our information at anytime from any-
place. As a result, information technology is an increasingly
essential part of the fabric and activity of our lives at all lev-
els, dramatically altering the world we inhabit, what we can
do in it, and the quality of the lives we live. Yet as this hap-
pens, we see the promise of the technology but suffer the
limitations of current low levels of effectiveness of interac-
tion with the technology.
This shortfall between technical promise and effective inter-
action arises because the capability to design and build a sys-
tem does not ensure its usefulness. Too many technologists
use a "let's build it and see" approach. Research funding for
this type of activity is currently available. But this approach
is not rcplicable, and it provides poor guidance to sustain
future development of interactive technologies. Accord-
ingly, the equally important but more difficult research into
the fundamental characteristics of useful interaction should
be funded, too.
To address this problem, support is needed for research to
study, analyze, and reflect on the use of technology, and to
incorporate these findings into principles for design and
evaluation. This interdisciplinaryresearch should have these
goals:
• Understand the factors that make technology useful. An
important challenge in this area involves identifying fac-
tors of demand-pull from those of technology-push. What
are the characteristics of interactive systems that can be
linked to measurable improvements in people's lives?
• Understand the role of pervasive information technology.
An important challenge in this area is to understand the
role that such technology plays in society, the ways this
can be improved, and the ways in which it should be
guided. How can decision makers develop policies that
encourage fullest use of developing technologies while not
unduly complicating life? What should be the core func-
tions of the new interactivity?
• Produce methodologies and metrics. These methodologies
and metrics should measure and predict the utility of new
forms of work and information access. An important chal-
lenge in this area is to create and disseminate proven,
broadly applicable tools and tests on which developers can
rely.
Those who seek to make human-computer interfaces usable
face four core problems, each of which makes human-com-
puter interaction less effective than it could be. These core
problems of usability should be addressed by a research
agenda that focuses on HCI engineering, techniques for
information understanding, HCI models and metrics, and
cross-platform engineering.
Good interfaces are hard to build. Even the best interfaces
still have some problems of usability, and most interfaces
have significant problems. The impact of poor usability
includes the waste of innumerable person-hours, high levels
of frustration, and significant under-use of potentially useful
systems.
To address this problem, research support should (1) develop
engineering methodologies for integrating design, develop-
ment, and usability evaluation methodologies into the soft-
ware engineering process, encompassing the range of
development activities from needs assessment through to
use; and (2) develop user-interface architectures that better
support the building of good interfaces.
Users tend to be overloaded with information. Within a
single application, levels of information can often be high
enough to be unintelligible; with the growth of (1) net-
worked information infrastructure such as the World-Wide
Web and (2) enormous new stockpiles of information, users
can easily be at a loss to use these resources effectively.The
impact of this problem is the ironic situation in which users
find themselves so overloaded with information that they
end up with nothing they can use.
To address this problem, research support is needed on tech-
niques for aiding users to understand information, such as
the use of information visualization, information manage-
ment including summarization, multilingual interfaces, and
translingual information retrieval.
Usability is hard to predict. Developers must rely on
incremental empirical methods to find and resolve usability
problems because reliable models for interface usability are
not available. Without reliable predictive models, develop-
ers are often forced to rely on their own intuition; when this
intuition fails, the cost to developers and to the economy as
a whole may be astronomical. The impact of this problem
includes lost time and effort during software development,
the deployment of interfaces that still contain bugs, and
longer development times.
To address this problem, research is needed for metrics,
models of interaction, and simulation. This includes (1) fun-
damental research into better models of human-computer
interaction and collaboration, (2) more applied research into
building simulation tools for designers that incorporate our
expanding understanding of HCI, and (3) establishing ,~riti-
14 October 1999 Volume31, Number 4 SIGCHI Bulletin
3. cal parameters, reference tasks, and better evaluation meth-
odologies.
Users require software to run on a variety of software
. platforms and hardware devices. This problem is ampli-
fied by the trend toward mobile and highly distributed com-
puting, where users might want to access the same
application on a variety of platforms ranging from net-
worked desk-top computers, to palm-top or mobile tele-
phones. Providing different interfaces specially crafted for
each type of device and modality combination will be
extremely costly and could result in users having many dif-
ferent versions of interfaces on different devices. The impact
of this problem includes massive under-use of interfaces'
potential and excessive development costs.
To address this problem, research is needed into how to
design and implement user interfaces that withstand varia-
tions of interaction devices, from wristwatches to large com-
puters, while preserving usability.
Universal Interaction
Researchers and developers in HCI have made important
advances in access and effectiveness for certain categories
of workers and citizens. However, there are important gaps
or digital divides between these people and other members
of society, who have not received the full benefits of these
achievements. Currently, the gaps tend to repeat or worsen
existing inequities that have adverse impact on people with
disabilities, and, to a lesser extent, people who are using
computers in non-traditional, non-workplace settings. The
issue of universal interfaces focuses on removing these gaps,
to permit and encourage full participation and contribution
by allmembers of society. In this section, we describe
research challenges relating to important barriers to univer-
sality of human-computer interaction.
Universality applies at two levels in society: individuals and
constituencies. At both levels, universality involves access
to full and effective participation in areas of employment,
civic and governmental endeavors, commercial activities,
cultural events (both experiencing and producing), and rec-
reation. Full and equitable access must ensure that individu-
als and constituencies can be equally effective in their
participation. Universal access begins with computing
resources that are usable and useful for all users. To achieve
this vision, we must have computing systems that support
universal access for citizens as individuals and as members
of multiple communities and constituencies. Research is
urgently needed to reduce the gaps and digital divides
through (1) accommodation of diverse abilities and (2) sup-
port for mobility and disabling circumstances.
Accommodation of diverse abilities. Accommodating peo-
ple of widely varying abilities (and disabilities), age, educa-
tion, literacy, and culture poses significant technology and
design challenges. In the workplace, employers and retailers
are reluctant to add to their costs by modifying purchased
hardware and software. In government, there are continued
debates about how much accommodation is "enough" in the
provision of information and services to citizens. Similarly,
people may be excluded from economic or civic opportuni-
ties by systems that are not designed for diverse levels of
education and literacy. Moreover, the needs of communities
and constituencies are poorly understood, and the relation-
ships among identity, communities, and access are also
poorly understood.
To address this problem, interdisciplinary research is needed
into:
• Technologies and design practices that can be easily and/or
rapidly adapted to meet the needs of diverse users and user
populations.
• Educational strategies, technologies, and design practices
that can be adapted to accommodate these diverse groups.
• Ways of integrating disability access into existing product
life-cycle models, so that universality becomes an integral
part of conventional computer development activities.
• Technologies that can support swift and accurate transla-
tion of human interfaces from one education level to
another, from one literacy level to another, or from one lan-
guage to another.
• The social science and technology of access and the impli-
cations for designing and developing shared electronic
spaces for individuals and communities.
• New forms of community empowerment, so that members
and representatives of these groups can become co-ana-
lysts, co-designers, and co-evaluators of the new technol-
ogies and services.
Mobility and Disabling Circumstances. Additional barri-
ers involve mobile workers or people who are using comput-
ers under disabling circumstances. A mobile worker
typically has reduced access to resources - smaller, less
capable devices, reduced connectivity, and slower data com-
munications. Workers who must control a computer-based
device while keeping their hands and eyes on a task (e.g.,
operating heavy machinery, flying an aircraft) cannot use a
conventional workstation. A thorough understanding of the
issues faced by mobile users will also benefit users with per-
manent disabilities.
To address this problem, interdisciplinary research is needed
into:
• The potential for new interaction devices to accommodate
the needs of people with disabilities and people using com-
puters under disabling circumstances. An important chal-
lenge in this area is to preserve consistency in the interface
and the operations between conventional and novel inter-
action technologies. Consistency is necessary to maintain
SIGCHI Bulletin Volume 31, Number 4 October 1999 15
4. effective, efficient, and accurate performance, to preserve
the value of users' training, and to ensure high-quality
interactive experiences that contribute positively to the
quality of work life or the quality of interactions with ser-
vices and recreation.
• The difficult problems of connecting diverse devices with
varying bandwidths, with very different assumptions
about the extent, duration, and quality of connectivity.
Complex protocols that provide rich services over high-
bandwidth networks will have to be redesigned and re-
architected to support similar services over the slower and
more error-prone connections of mobile computing. Reli-
ability of transmission and assurance of delivery of critical
messages will require social, design, and technology
advances to meet crucial commercial and governmental
requirements.
• The provision of consistent services and functions across
the diverse platforms of mobile computing. An important
challenge in this area is to develop designs and technolo-
gies to achieve graceful degradation of performance and of
data attributes, so that the same content can be viewed and
edited on both high-quality, rich-media platforms and also
lower-quality, reduced-fidelity platforms.
16 October 1999 Volume31, Number 4 SIGCHI Bulletin