Abdominopelvic quadrants and regions.pptx
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This document discusses the anatomical regions and quadrants of the abdomen and pelvis. It is divided into two main sections. The first section describes how the abdominal cavity is subdivided into 9 regions defined by horizontal and vertical planes, and lists the structures contained within each region. The second section explains that the abdomen is also clinically divided into 4 quadrants by the transumbilical and median planes for general descriptions, and lists the organs located in each quadrant. Understanding the regions and quadrants is important for correlating abdominal pains to the underlying structures.
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The autonomic nervous system consists of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. The sympathetic division is responsible for the "fight or flight" response and uses norepinephrine as its neurotransmitter. Its preganglionic neurons originate in the spinal cord and project to peripheral ganglia. The parasympathetic division is responsible for "rest and digest" functions and uses acetylcholine as its neurotransmitter. Its preganglionic neurons originate in the brainstem and sacral spinal cord and project to ganglia near target organs. Both divisions regulate involuntary functions like heart rate and gland secretion.
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anterior abdominal wall
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Digestive system
The digestive system consists of the digestive tract and accessory organs. The digestive tract includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and anus. Accessory organs include the liver, gallbladder and pancreas. The digestive system breaks down food, absorbs nutrients and eliminates waste through a series of mechanical and chemical processes involving both voluntary and involuntary muscle actions.
Urinary system
The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter waste from the blood to produce urine. Each person has two kidneys located retroperitoneally on the posterior abdominal wall beside the vertebral column. The functional unit of the kidney that filters blood and forms urine is called the nephron. Urine exits the kidneys through ureters into the urinary bladder, then passes through the urethra for excretion from the body.
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This is a presentation on the surface landmark of the abdomen. The presentation gives the definition of the abdominopelvic cavity, borders, an overview of the structure and function of the abdominopelvic cavity, abdominal planes, quadrants, regions and its contents. It also provides an overview of the surface anatomy and specific landmarks of the abdomen and clinical note: superficial reflexes.
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This document provides an overview of the anatomy of the abdomen, including surface anatomy, abdominal quadrants, muscles of the anterior and posterior abdominal walls, the abdominopelvic cavity, peritoneum, divisions of the peritoneal cavity, and blood supply. Key points include: the abdomen is divided into 9 regions within 4 quadrants; the anterior abdominal wall muscles include the rectus abdominis, internal and external obliques, and transversus abdominis; the peritoneum lines the abdominal cavity and organs; and the peritoneal cavity is divided into supracolic, infracolic, and pelvic compartments.
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This document provides an overview of the anatomy of the abdomen, including surface anatomy, abdominal quadrants, muscles of the anterior and posterior abdominal walls, the abdominopelvic cavity, peritoneum, divisions of the peritoneal cavity, and blood supply. Key points include: the abdomen is divided into 9 regions within 4 quadrants; the anterior abdominal wall muscles include the rectus abdominis, internal and external obliques, and transversus abdominis; the peritoneum lines the abdominal cavity and organs; and the peritoneal cavity is divided into supracolic, infracolic, and pelvic compartments.
SURGICAL ANATOMY
The peritoneum lines the abdominal cavity and comprises two layers. The mesentery suspends portions of the bowel and contains blood vessels, lymph nodes, and nerves. The peritoneal spaces include the lesser sac, supracolic and infracolic compartments. During development, the peritoneum and mesentery arise from the trilaminar embryo. Diseases can spread within the peritoneal cavity along ligaments, mesenteries, and lymphatics. The omentum, mesentery, and peritoneal recesses have clinical relevance for surgery and disease spread.
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9 region of Abdomen
The document discusses the nine regions of the abdomen and the organs located within each region. It begins by describing the three layers of the abdomen (skin, fascia, muscle) and how it is divided into nine regions by three horizontal and two vertical lines. These nine regions are: epigastric, right and left hypochondrium, umbilical, right and left lumbar, hypogastric, right and left iliac fossa. Each region is then associated with the organs typically found within it. The document then discusses dividing the abdomen into four quadrants and lists the organs located in the right upper, right lower, left upper, and left lower quadrants.
Anatomy of abdomen (1)
The document provides an overview of the anatomy of the abdomen, including:
- The abdomen is divided into four quadrants and nine regions based on anatomical planes.
- Major organs in the abdominal cavity include the stomach, liver, pancreas, gallbladder, kidneys, small intestine and large intestine.
- The small intestine consists of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum. The large intestine consists of the cecum, colon (ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid portions), rectum and anal canal.
- Other structures discussed include the peritoneum, muscles of the abdominal wall, and boundaries of the abdominal cavity.
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- 1. Abdominopelvic quadrants and regions Prepared by: Ephrem F. (MSc.)
- 2. Abdominopelvic quadrants and regions • It is important to know the abdomen's anatomical regions and quadrants to correlate the pain to the organs contained in each area. • Thus, the abdominopelvic region is clinically divided into quadrants and regions. • Each region and quadrant has different structures within it.
- 3. Subdivisions of abdominal cavity: regions • Clinicians subdivide the abdominal cavity into 9 regions to locate abdominal organs or painsites • Delineated by 4 planes • Two horizontal Subcostal plane: passing through the inferior borderof the 10th costal cartilage. Trans tubercular plane: passing throughiliac tubercles and body of L5vertebra 3
- 4. • Two vertical Midclavicular planes: passing from midpointsof clavicles to mid-inguinalpoints
- 6. Contents of each regions Epigastric region • Liver (left lobe), stomach, pancreas, duodenum, and adrenal glands. Umbilical region: • Duodenum, small intestine, and transverse colon.
- 7. Hypogastric region: • Bladder, rectum, sigmoid colon, small intestine, uterus (in females), fallopian tubes (in females), ovary (in females), prostate gland (in males), and seminal vesicles (in males).
- 8. Right hypochondriac region: • Liver, right kidney, duodenum, large intestine (right colic flexure), and gall bladder. • Left hypochondriac region: • Spleen, the tip of the liver, left kidney, stomach, small intestine (jejunum), large intestine (left colic flexure), and tail of the pancreas.
- 9. • Right lumbar region: • Ascending colon, right kidney, and small intestine. • Right lumbar region • Descending colon, left kidney, and small intestine.
- 10. • Right iliac region: • Cecum, appendix, ascending colon, and small intestine. • Left iliac region: • Sigmoid colon, descending colon, and small intestine.
- 11. Subdivisions of abdominal cavity: quadrants For general clinical descriptions, clinicians use 4 quadrants defined by 2 planes Transumbilical plane: passing through umbilicus and disc between L3 and L4vertebrae Median plane: longitudinal plane dividingthe body into right and left halves 11
- 13. Contents of each quadrant • Right upper quadrant: • Liver, gall blader, stomach, duodenum, pancreas, right kidney, right suprarenal (adrenal) gland, ascending colon, transverse colon, and small intestine.
- 14. • Left upper quadrant: • Spleen, liver, pancreas, stomach, left kidney, left suprarenal (adrenal) gland, transverse colon, descending colon, and small intestine.
- 15. • Right lower quadrant: • Cecum, appendix, ascending colon, right ureter, small intestine, right half of the urinary bladder right ductus deferens (in males), right half of the female reproductive organs (in females).
- 16. • Left lower quadrant: • Sigmoid colon, descending colon, left ureter, left half of the urinary bladder, left ductus deferens (in males), and left half of the female reproductive organs (in females).
- 17. Thank you!