This presentation will help you learn about the Indian Diaspora, What is, the history of Indian Diaspora, its themes, its characteristics, and some writers who are diasporic
This document discusses the Indian diaspora and Indian diasporic literature. It begins by defining diaspora as a scattered population whose origin lies in a separate geographic locale. It then discusses notable diasporas including the Indian diaspora, which is currently the largest in the world. The document outlines some key features and impacts of cultural displacement seen in Indian diasporic literature, such as nostalgia, loss, identity issues, and feelings of loneliness or rejection. It concludes by discussing some of the main contributors to Indian diasporic literature in English, including V.S. Naipaul and how their works often examine themes of displacement, dislocation and the experience of being an outsider.
This document discusses the concept of diaspora and imaginary homelands in post-colonial literature. It defines diaspora as large groups of people who share a homeland but have migrated to other parts of the world. Diaspora increased significantly during World War II and the process of decolonization. Writer Salman Rushdie explored themes of cultural displacement and dual identity for diaspora populations in his work "Imaginary Homelands", drawing on his own experiences growing up in India, migrating to England, and identifying with multiple cultures. The document examines Rushdie's perspectives on belonging, memory, and the challenges faced by those straddling two worlds.
The document defines key terms related to diaspora and postcolonial literature. It defines diaspora as the spreading of people from their original homeland to other countries. Examples given include the southern Chinese diaspora and Jewish diaspora. Postcolonial is defined as referring to people living in a region after the end of colonial rule, especially European colonial rule. Postcolonial literature is then defined as literature from countries that were formerly colonized by European nations.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Swadeshi Movement in Tagore's “The Home and the World”Hina Parmar
In Tagore's "The Home and the World," the Swadeshi Movement is depicted as a pivotal nationalist movement advocating for Indian self-reliance and boycotting foreign goods. The novel explores the tensions between traditional values, represented by the home, and the influence of Western ideals, symbolized by the world, within the context of this movement.
The document discusses the Indian diaspora and several prominent Indian diasporic writers. It defines diaspora as populations forced to leave their homeland and settle elsewhere. The Indian diaspora is classified into those with forced migration due to slavery or indentured labor and voluntary migration for professional or academic purposes. Several major Indian diasporic writers are discussed, including V.S. Naipaul, Salman Rushdie, Amitav Ghosh, and Jhumpa Lahiri. A common theme in their works is the sense of displacement, dislocation, and the search for identity and belonging between cultures for diasporic individuals and communities.
This document summarizes and compares the novels Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe and Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad. It notes that Things Fall Apart depicts the Igbo culture in Africa and the impact of colonialism from the perspective of a black man, portraying a more realistic image of Africa. In contrast, Heart of Darkness depicts Africa from the perspective of a white man and portrays a darker, more primitive image of Africa influenced by imperialism and racism. In conclusion, the document states that Achebe's portrayal of Africa in Things Fall Apart is more cultured and realistic compared to Conrad's darker, racist portrayal in Heart of Darkness.
This document summarizes the 14 National Artists of the Philippines for Literature. It provides brief biographies of each artist, including their notable works and the year they were conferred the award. Some of the artists highlighted include Nick Joaquin, F. Sionil Jose, Edith L. Tiempo, Carlos P. Romulo, and Cirilio F. Bautista. It examines their contributions to developing Philippine literature and literary arts.
This document discusses the Indian diaspora and Indian diasporic literature. It begins by defining diaspora as a scattered population whose origin lies in a separate geographic locale. It then discusses notable diasporas including the Indian diaspora, which is currently the largest in the world. The document outlines some key features and impacts of cultural displacement seen in Indian diasporic literature, such as nostalgia, loss, identity issues, and feelings of loneliness or rejection. It concludes by discussing some of the main contributors to Indian diasporic literature in English, including V.S. Naipaul and how their works often examine themes of displacement, dislocation and the experience of being an outsider.
This document discusses the concept of diaspora and imaginary homelands in post-colonial literature. It defines diaspora as large groups of people who share a homeland but have migrated to other parts of the world. Diaspora increased significantly during World War II and the process of decolonization. Writer Salman Rushdie explored themes of cultural displacement and dual identity for diaspora populations in his work "Imaginary Homelands", drawing on his own experiences growing up in India, migrating to England, and identifying with multiple cultures. The document examines Rushdie's perspectives on belonging, memory, and the challenges faced by those straddling two worlds.
The document defines key terms related to diaspora and postcolonial literature. It defines diaspora as the spreading of people from their original homeland to other countries. Examples given include the southern Chinese diaspora and Jewish diaspora. Postcolonial is defined as referring to people living in a region after the end of colonial rule, especially European colonial rule. Postcolonial literature is then defined as literature from countries that were formerly colonized by European nations.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Swadeshi Movement in Tagore's “The Home and the World”Hina Parmar
In Tagore's "The Home and the World," the Swadeshi Movement is depicted as a pivotal nationalist movement advocating for Indian self-reliance and boycotting foreign goods. The novel explores the tensions between traditional values, represented by the home, and the influence of Western ideals, symbolized by the world, within the context of this movement.
The document discusses the Indian diaspora and several prominent Indian diasporic writers. It defines diaspora as populations forced to leave their homeland and settle elsewhere. The Indian diaspora is classified into those with forced migration due to slavery or indentured labor and voluntary migration for professional or academic purposes. Several major Indian diasporic writers are discussed, including V.S. Naipaul, Salman Rushdie, Amitav Ghosh, and Jhumpa Lahiri. A common theme in their works is the sense of displacement, dislocation, and the search for identity and belonging between cultures for diasporic individuals and communities.
This document summarizes and compares the novels Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe and Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad. It notes that Things Fall Apart depicts the Igbo culture in Africa and the impact of colonialism from the perspective of a black man, portraying a more realistic image of Africa. In contrast, Heart of Darkness depicts Africa from the perspective of a white man and portrays a darker, more primitive image of Africa influenced by imperialism and racism. In conclusion, the document states that Achebe's portrayal of Africa in Things Fall Apart is more cultured and realistic compared to Conrad's darker, racist portrayal in Heart of Darkness.
This document summarizes the 14 National Artists of the Philippines for Literature. It provides brief biographies of each artist, including their notable works and the year they were conferred the award. Some of the artists highlighted include Nick Joaquin, F. Sionil Jose, Edith L. Tiempo, Carlos P. Romulo, and Cirilio F. Bautista. It examines their contributions to developing Philippine literature and literary arts.
PPT on Diaspora literature of Jhumpa Lahiri by Dr Mangesh GoremangeshGore5
1) The document discusses Jhumpa Lahiri's writings that portray the diasporic sensibility of Indian immigrants. It provides background on Lahiri's life and education.
2) Lahiri's debut collection Interpreter of Maladies illuminates the experiences of cultural alienation faced by Indian immigrants through short stories set in India and the United States.
3) Her novel The Namesake explores the identity crisis of Gogol, a first-generation Indian-American, who struggles with his Indian name and cultural roots in America.
Writers from region 1 and their contributions in the development of literaturePrincessCuison1
This document provides biographies of several important writers from Region 1 (Ilocos Region) in the Philippines and their contributions to Philippine literature. It discusses Pedro Bucaneg as the "Father of Ilocano Poetry and Literature" and his translation of religious texts into Ilocano. Leonora Florentino is described as the "Mother of Philippine Women's Literature" and some of her famous poems are mentioned. Isabelo de los Reyes is called the "Father of Philippine Folklore" and his many written works are listed. It also provides brief biographies of Carlos Bulosan, F. Sionil Jose, Santiago Villafania and Melchor Orpilla, important writers from the Iloc
The document discusses the ideals of Indian art through history. It describes how various tribes brought their cultures to India and influenced the arts, which were deeply integrated into people's lives. The artists who created exquisite frescoes at Ajanta remain unknown because Indian art prioritized national identity over individual fame. The Hindu Trinity of Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva also played a role in religious influences on Indian art traditions.
V.S. Naipaul was a prolific travel writer from Trinidad known for his insightful travelogues about post-colonial societies. Some of his most notable works include a trilogy of books about India published over several decades where he revisited the country and chronicled its social, political, and economic changes. His first book "An Area of Darkness" portrayed a fearful perspective of India but later works showed a more positive view as he recognized signs of national development and emancipation. Naipaul also wrote travelogues about his native Trinidad and the Caribbean, offering deft portraits of regions still haunted by their colonial pasts. As a writer, Naipaul remained an insatiable traveler both
This document provides biographical information about Swami Vivekananda and outlines some of the topics covered in his lectures from Colombo to Almorah. It notes that Vivekananda was a Hindu monk and chief disciple of Ramakrishna who introduced Hindu concepts like yoga and Vedanta to the Western world. After his guru's death, Vivekananda traveled throughout India and the world, representing India at the 1893 Parliament of World Religions in Chicago. In his hundreds of lectures, he disseminated Hindu philosophy in India, Europe, the US and parts of Asia in order to spread Indian spiritual ideas. The document lists some of the specific topics Vivekananda discussed, including the
This document provides a summary of the novel Namesake by Jumpa Lahiri. It discusses the key themes of diaspora and identity explored in the novel. The summary is as follows:
Namesake focuses on the contrasting experiences of the first and second generation Indian immigrants in America. The first generation, Ashoke and Ashima, struggle with a sense of displacement and loneliness in their new country. Their son Gogol, part of the second generation, faces an identity dilemma over his unusual name and is torn between Indian and American culture. The novel examines the difficulties Indian immigrants face maintaining their cultural identity while assimilating in a new country.
The term "South Asian literature" refers to the literary works of writers from the Indian subcontinent and its diaspora. ... South Asian literature is written in English as well as the many national and regional languages of the region.
The document provides statistics on Asian Indian immigration to the US between 1899-1920, with most immigrants coming from Punjab, India and being Sikh (85%) or Muslim (13%). The Immigration Act of 1917 and 1924 placed restrictions and quotas on Indian immigration. The 1923 US v. Bhagat Singh Thind Supreme Court ruling deemed East Indians ineligible for citizenship. This was reversed by the 1946 Luce-Celler Act, which allowed naturalization of Indians and set an immigration quota of 100 per year.
Nissim Ezekiel was an influential Indian Jewish poet who helped establish English poetry in post-independence India. He incorporated both romantic and modern elements into his poetry, addressing themes of urban life, Indian identity, skepticism, and social commentary. Ezekiel received numerous honors, including the Sahitya Akademi award in 1983 and Padma Shri in 1988, for his contributions to Indian English literature and establishing it as a medium beyond purely spiritual themes.
This document outlines the major literary periods of Philippine literature from pre-colonial times to the present. It discusses how Philippine literature evolved from an oral tradition to incorporate influences from Spanish, American and Japanese colonizers. The pre-colonial era featured forms like riddles, folk songs, myths and epics that were passed down orally. During Spanish colonization, the Roman alphabet was introduced and Catholic doctrines became an influence. Under American rule, English became prominent and Filipino writers incorporated American words and styles. The contemporary period saw an increase in literary magazines and encouragement of Filipino writers despite wartime challenges.
Salman Rushdie is an Indian-born British author known for works that combine magical realism with historical fiction and address conflicts between religion and society. His novels are connected to disruptions and migrations between Eastern and Western civilizations. Rushdie has experienced diaspora himself, living outside his homeland, and his works often deal with diaspora literature and the relocation of culture and sensibility that comes with living abroad. Some of his major works that exemplify these themes include Midnight's Children, The Moor's Last Sigh, and Shame.
This document summarizes key events and writers in the development of American multiculturalism. It discusses the Watts race riots in 1965 and civil rights legislation passed in the 1960s. It then profiles influential African American, Latina/o, Native American, and Asian American writers who contributed to the emergence of ethnic literature and cultural studies in the United States. These include Ralph Ellison, Toni Morrison, Sandra Cisneros, M. Scott Momaday, Amy Tan, and others. The document examines the representation of different racial and ethnic groups in American arts and media over the 20th century.
This document provides information on several popular Indian literature figures, including RK Narayan, Chetan Bhagat, Premchand, Harivansh Rai Bachchan, Narsinh Mehta, Rabindranath Tagore, and Jhaverchand Meghani. It discusses their biographies, major works, and contributions to Indian literature in English and various regional Indian languages such as Hindi, Gujarati, and Bengali.
This document provides information about Philippine National Artists for Literature, including short biographies and works of 10 Filipino writers who have been recognized with the rank and title of National Artist for their significant contributions to Philippine literature. The writers highlighted are Amado Vera Hernandez, Jose Garcia Villa, Nick Joaquin, Carlos P. Romulo, Francisco Arcellana, Rolando S. Tinio, N.V.M. Gonzales, Levi Celerio, Edith L. Tiempo, and F. Sionil Jose. It also explains what the rank and insignia of a National Artist represents.
The document provides a detailed summary and analysis of chapters 1-7 of V.S. Naipaul's travelogue "Among the Believers". It describes the characters, places, events, historical context, and themes presented in the chapters. Key points analyzed include Naipaul's perspective as a detached observer, descriptions of Indonesian people and culture, discussions of Islam and politics in Indonesia, and vivid passages that illustrate the settings and scenes.
Rabindranath Tagore was a famous Indian writer who lived from 1861 to 1941. He published his first works as a teenager and gained popularity among Bengali readers for his poems, stories, and plays. In 1901, he established a school called Shantiniketan. He traveled to England in 1912 and introduced his translated works to writers like William Butler Yeats. Tagore was critical of some nationalist movements but supported independence. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1913. Some of his most famous works included Gitanjali, Jana Gana Mana, and Aamaar Sonaar Banglaa.
About Act 2 of the play "The Cherry Orchard" by Anton Chekhov.It will give you an overview of Anton Chekhov, the play, its themes, characters, and analysis, all of which will aid in your understanding of Act 2.
PPT on Diaspora literature of Jhumpa Lahiri by Dr Mangesh GoremangeshGore5
1) The document discusses Jhumpa Lahiri's writings that portray the diasporic sensibility of Indian immigrants. It provides background on Lahiri's life and education.
2) Lahiri's debut collection Interpreter of Maladies illuminates the experiences of cultural alienation faced by Indian immigrants through short stories set in India and the United States.
3) Her novel The Namesake explores the identity crisis of Gogol, a first-generation Indian-American, who struggles with his Indian name and cultural roots in America.
Writers from region 1 and their contributions in the development of literaturePrincessCuison1
This document provides biographies of several important writers from Region 1 (Ilocos Region) in the Philippines and their contributions to Philippine literature. It discusses Pedro Bucaneg as the "Father of Ilocano Poetry and Literature" and his translation of religious texts into Ilocano. Leonora Florentino is described as the "Mother of Philippine Women's Literature" and some of her famous poems are mentioned. Isabelo de los Reyes is called the "Father of Philippine Folklore" and his many written works are listed. It also provides brief biographies of Carlos Bulosan, F. Sionil Jose, Santiago Villafania and Melchor Orpilla, important writers from the Iloc
The document discusses the ideals of Indian art through history. It describes how various tribes brought their cultures to India and influenced the arts, which were deeply integrated into people's lives. The artists who created exquisite frescoes at Ajanta remain unknown because Indian art prioritized national identity over individual fame. The Hindu Trinity of Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva also played a role in religious influences on Indian art traditions.
V.S. Naipaul was a prolific travel writer from Trinidad known for his insightful travelogues about post-colonial societies. Some of his most notable works include a trilogy of books about India published over several decades where he revisited the country and chronicled its social, political, and economic changes. His first book "An Area of Darkness" portrayed a fearful perspective of India but later works showed a more positive view as he recognized signs of national development and emancipation. Naipaul also wrote travelogues about his native Trinidad and the Caribbean, offering deft portraits of regions still haunted by their colonial pasts. As a writer, Naipaul remained an insatiable traveler both
This document provides biographical information about Swami Vivekananda and outlines some of the topics covered in his lectures from Colombo to Almorah. It notes that Vivekananda was a Hindu monk and chief disciple of Ramakrishna who introduced Hindu concepts like yoga and Vedanta to the Western world. After his guru's death, Vivekananda traveled throughout India and the world, representing India at the 1893 Parliament of World Religions in Chicago. In his hundreds of lectures, he disseminated Hindu philosophy in India, Europe, the US and parts of Asia in order to spread Indian spiritual ideas. The document lists some of the specific topics Vivekananda discussed, including the
This document provides a summary of the novel Namesake by Jumpa Lahiri. It discusses the key themes of diaspora and identity explored in the novel. The summary is as follows:
Namesake focuses on the contrasting experiences of the first and second generation Indian immigrants in America. The first generation, Ashoke and Ashima, struggle with a sense of displacement and loneliness in their new country. Their son Gogol, part of the second generation, faces an identity dilemma over his unusual name and is torn between Indian and American culture. The novel examines the difficulties Indian immigrants face maintaining their cultural identity while assimilating in a new country.
The term "South Asian literature" refers to the literary works of writers from the Indian subcontinent and its diaspora. ... South Asian literature is written in English as well as the many national and regional languages of the region.
The document provides statistics on Asian Indian immigration to the US between 1899-1920, with most immigrants coming from Punjab, India and being Sikh (85%) or Muslim (13%). The Immigration Act of 1917 and 1924 placed restrictions and quotas on Indian immigration. The 1923 US v. Bhagat Singh Thind Supreme Court ruling deemed East Indians ineligible for citizenship. This was reversed by the 1946 Luce-Celler Act, which allowed naturalization of Indians and set an immigration quota of 100 per year.
Nissim Ezekiel was an influential Indian Jewish poet who helped establish English poetry in post-independence India. He incorporated both romantic and modern elements into his poetry, addressing themes of urban life, Indian identity, skepticism, and social commentary. Ezekiel received numerous honors, including the Sahitya Akademi award in 1983 and Padma Shri in 1988, for his contributions to Indian English literature and establishing it as a medium beyond purely spiritual themes.
This document outlines the major literary periods of Philippine literature from pre-colonial times to the present. It discusses how Philippine literature evolved from an oral tradition to incorporate influences from Spanish, American and Japanese colonizers. The pre-colonial era featured forms like riddles, folk songs, myths and epics that were passed down orally. During Spanish colonization, the Roman alphabet was introduced and Catholic doctrines became an influence. Under American rule, English became prominent and Filipino writers incorporated American words and styles. The contemporary period saw an increase in literary magazines and encouragement of Filipino writers despite wartime challenges.
Salman Rushdie is an Indian-born British author known for works that combine magical realism with historical fiction and address conflicts between religion and society. His novels are connected to disruptions and migrations between Eastern and Western civilizations. Rushdie has experienced diaspora himself, living outside his homeland, and his works often deal with diaspora literature and the relocation of culture and sensibility that comes with living abroad. Some of his major works that exemplify these themes include Midnight's Children, The Moor's Last Sigh, and Shame.
This document summarizes key events and writers in the development of American multiculturalism. It discusses the Watts race riots in 1965 and civil rights legislation passed in the 1960s. It then profiles influential African American, Latina/o, Native American, and Asian American writers who contributed to the emergence of ethnic literature and cultural studies in the United States. These include Ralph Ellison, Toni Morrison, Sandra Cisneros, M. Scott Momaday, Amy Tan, and others. The document examines the representation of different racial and ethnic groups in American arts and media over the 20th century.
This document provides information on several popular Indian literature figures, including RK Narayan, Chetan Bhagat, Premchand, Harivansh Rai Bachchan, Narsinh Mehta, Rabindranath Tagore, and Jhaverchand Meghani. It discusses their biographies, major works, and contributions to Indian literature in English and various regional Indian languages such as Hindi, Gujarati, and Bengali.
This document provides information about Philippine National Artists for Literature, including short biographies and works of 10 Filipino writers who have been recognized with the rank and title of National Artist for their significant contributions to Philippine literature. The writers highlighted are Amado Vera Hernandez, Jose Garcia Villa, Nick Joaquin, Carlos P. Romulo, Francisco Arcellana, Rolando S. Tinio, N.V.M. Gonzales, Levi Celerio, Edith L. Tiempo, and F. Sionil Jose. It also explains what the rank and insignia of a National Artist represents.
The document provides a detailed summary and analysis of chapters 1-7 of V.S. Naipaul's travelogue "Among the Believers". It describes the characters, places, events, historical context, and themes presented in the chapters. Key points analyzed include Naipaul's perspective as a detached observer, descriptions of Indonesian people and culture, discussions of Islam and politics in Indonesia, and vivid passages that illustrate the settings and scenes.
Rabindranath Tagore was a famous Indian writer who lived from 1861 to 1941. He published his first works as a teenager and gained popularity among Bengali readers for his poems, stories, and plays. In 1901, he established a school called Shantiniketan. He traveled to England in 1912 and introduced his translated works to writers like William Butler Yeats. Tagore was critical of some nationalist movements but supported independence. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1913. Some of his most famous works included Gitanjali, Jana Gana Mana, and Aamaar Sonaar Banglaa.
About Act 2 of the play "The Cherry Orchard" by Anton Chekhov.It will give you an overview of Anton Chekhov, the play, its themes, characters, and analysis, all of which will aid in your understanding of Act 2.
This presentation will help you learn about some important facts about Mamta Banerjee as a political leader connecting with Indian Political Thought with reference to her autobiography, Didi : the untold Mamta Banerjee by Shutapa Paul
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How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
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Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...Diana Rendina
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2. History of Indian Diaspora
● The Indian diaspora has grown manifold since the first batch of Indians were
taken to counties in the eastern pacific and the Caribbean islands under the
'Girmitiya' arrangement as indentured labourers.
● The Indian diaspora developed gradually during the 19th and 20th century
when emigration of indenture and contract laborers, traders, professionals,
students took place to the British, French, Dutch, Dane and Portuguese
colonies in Asia Africa, Caribbean and Far Eastern countries.
3. DIASPORA
● Diaspora comes from the word Dia and Sperien.
● Dia - “Away” and Sperien - “Scatter”.
● Movement of people away from their own country.
● According to Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary,
Diaspora means the movement of people from animation
or group away from their own country.
● Diaspora - Dislocation of Jews
● diaspora - cross - cultural displacement
4. Major themes
➢ Alienation
➢ Displacement
➢ Existential rootlessness
➢ Nostalgia
➢ Quest of identity
DIASPORA :
Internal Diaspora - within same country
External Diaspora - different country
5. Diasporic writing
● Works that are written by authors who live outside their native land.
● It is based on the idea of a homeland.
● Diaspora literature provides narrative of harsh journeys undertaken for various reasons.
● Diaspora provides an account of another “sense of place” away from homeland.
Characteristic of Diasporic literature
6. Some Diasporic Writers
● Jhumpa Lahiri
● Robin Cohen
● Meena Alexander
● Bharati Mukherjee
● Jasbir Jain
● Rajinder Kumar Dhawan
● Telugu Sireesha
● Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni
7. Diasporic Writers
● Jhumpa Lahiri (1967) - Nilanjana
Sudeshna “Jhumpa” Lahiri is a Bengali
American author who was born in London,
the daughter of Indian immigrants from the
Indian state of West Bengal.
Major work - The Namesake (2003), The
Lowland (2013)
8. Diasporic Writers
● Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni (1956) - is
an Indian-born American author, poet
who was born in Calcutta, India.
Major work - The Mistress of Spices (1997),
Sister of My Heart (1999)
9. Diasporic Writers
● Robin Cohen (1944) - Robin Cohen
was born in Johannesburg, South
Africa. He left in 1964, returning to
the country for three years in the post-
Mandela period.
Major work - The new helots: migrants in
the international division of labour (1987),
Frontiers of identity (1994)
10. Diasporic Writers
● Bharati Mukherjee (1940 - 2017) - was an
Indian American-Canadian writer and
professor who was born in present-day
Kolkata, West Bengal, India during British
rule. She later travelled with her parents to
Europe after Independence, only returning
to Calcutta in the early 1950s.
Major work -The Tiger's Daughter (1971),
Jasmine (1989)