Acute central nervous system infection
•Descargar como PPTX, PDF•
1 recomendación•47 vistas
Encephalopathy => cerebral dysfunction due to circulatory toxins, poisons, abnormal metabolites. Intrinsic biochemical disorder affecting neurons without inflammatory response Inflammation of meninges – meningitis Involvement of brain parenchyma – meningoencephalitis
Denunciar
Compartir
Denunciar
Compartir
Recomendados
Meningitis
This document provides information on meningitis, including its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. It discusses the main types of meningitis: viral, bacterial, and tuberculous. Viral meningitis is the most common type and is usually benign and self-limiting. Bacterial meningitis can be life-threatening if untreated and requires immediate antibiotic treatment. Tuberculous meningitis occurs in immunocompromised individuals and has distinct stages of severity. Diagnosis involves lumbar puncture and examination of cerebrospinal fluid. Treatment depends on the identified cause but may include antibiotics, antivirals, corticosteroids, and surgery in severe cases.
Acute bacterial meningitis
This document provides information on acute bacterial meningitis, including:
- The most common causative organisms are Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Group B streptococci.
- Clinical presentation typically includes the classic triad of fever, headache, and nuchal rigidity, along with decreased consciousness.
- Diagnosis involves examination of CSF which shows pleocytosis, low glucose, and high protein. Blood cultures and neuroimaging may also be used.
- Treatment involves prompt empiric administration of antibiotics like ceftriaxone, vancomycin, and dexamethasone, with specific therapy guided by diagnostic testing.
Complications of meningitis in children
Complications from meningitis can arise from the spread of infection or the healing process. Infection can spread to areas like the brain ventricles, subdural spaces, veins and sinuses, and bloodstream, potentially causing issues like ependymitis, thrombophlebitis, and metastatic infections. During healing, complications include arachnoid fibrosis which can lead to hydrocephalus, cranial nerve compression causing palsies, and obliterative endarteritis resulting in brain ischemia or infarcts. While viral meningitis complications are rare, bacterial meningitis poses greater risks like subdural effusion and neurological sequelae such as deafness, blindness, seizures, and mental retardation
Bacterial meningitis
Bacterial meningitis can be severe and cause long term effects like hearing loss or learning disabilities, while viral meningitis is generally less severe and resolves without treatment. It is important to determine if meningitis is bacterial or viral and, if bacterial, to identify the specific bacteria causing the infection in order to guide treatment and preventative measures. Meningitis is diagnosed through spinal fluid analysis to check for signs of inflammation and look for bacteria. While some forms of bacterial meningitis can be transmitted between people, viruses that cause meningitis are not as contagious.
Topic Discussion 3 Bacterial Meningitis
This document discusses acute bacterial meningitis (BM), including its definition, incidence, risk factors, etiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment goals and principles, specific treatment recommendations for common causative organisms, prevention through vaccination, and outpatient management considerations. The prognosis of untreated BM is poor, with high treatment failure rates and risk of neurological complications; however, prompt administration of appropriate antibiotic therapy can significantly improve outcomes.
Bacterial meningitis
This document provides information on acute central nervous system infections, including bacterial meningitis and cerebral malaria. It defines meningitis as inflammation of the two inner layers of tissue covering the brain and spinal cord. It describes the relevant anatomy of the brain and meninges. Common causes of bacterial meningitis are discussed for different age groups. Risk factors, pathogenesis, clinical features, differential diagnosis, and initial investigations for meningitis and cerebral malaria are summarized. Lumbar puncture indications, contraindications, and analysis of cerebrospinal fluid are also outlined.
Meningitis
This document discusses different types of meningitis, including acute pyogenic meningitis, acute lymphocytic meningitis, and chronic meningitis. Acute pyogenic meningitis is caused by bacteria and results in inflammation of the meninges around the brain. Common causative organisms vary with age. Acute lymphocytic meningitis is usually viral and has milder symptoms that resolve more quickly. Chronic meningitis includes tuberculous and cryptococcal types, which cause long-term granulomatous inflammation that may lead to hydrocephalus. Diagnosis is based on examination of cerebrospinal fluid characteristics.
Bacterial meningitis
The document discusses bacterial meningitis, providing information on the anatomy of the meninges, causes of meningitis including bacterial, viral and fungal infections. It describes the typical presentation of bacterial meningitis including symptoms like headache, fever and neck stiffness. Complications are outlined such as subdural effusions, ependymitis and hydrocephalus. Causative organisms and their prevalence are summarized for different age groups.
Recomendados
Meningitis
This document provides information on meningitis, including its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. It discusses the main types of meningitis: viral, bacterial, and tuberculous. Viral meningitis is the most common type and is usually benign and self-limiting. Bacterial meningitis can be life-threatening if untreated and requires immediate antibiotic treatment. Tuberculous meningitis occurs in immunocompromised individuals and has distinct stages of severity. Diagnosis involves lumbar puncture and examination of cerebrospinal fluid. Treatment depends on the identified cause but may include antibiotics, antivirals, corticosteroids, and surgery in severe cases.
Acute bacterial meningitis
This document provides information on acute bacterial meningitis, including:
- The most common causative organisms are Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Group B streptococci.
- Clinical presentation typically includes the classic triad of fever, headache, and nuchal rigidity, along with decreased consciousness.
- Diagnosis involves examination of CSF which shows pleocytosis, low glucose, and high protein. Blood cultures and neuroimaging may also be used.
- Treatment involves prompt empiric administration of antibiotics like ceftriaxone, vancomycin, and dexamethasone, with specific therapy guided by diagnostic testing.
Complications of meningitis in children
Complications from meningitis can arise from the spread of infection or the healing process. Infection can spread to areas like the brain ventricles, subdural spaces, veins and sinuses, and bloodstream, potentially causing issues like ependymitis, thrombophlebitis, and metastatic infections. During healing, complications include arachnoid fibrosis which can lead to hydrocephalus, cranial nerve compression causing palsies, and obliterative endarteritis resulting in brain ischemia or infarcts. While viral meningitis complications are rare, bacterial meningitis poses greater risks like subdural effusion and neurological sequelae such as deafness, blindness, seizures, and mental retardation
Bacterial meningitis
Bacterial meningitis can be severe and cause long term effects like hearing loss or learning disabilities, while viral meningitis is generally less severe and resolves without treatment. It is important to determine if meningitis is bacterial or viral and, if bacterial, to identify the specific bacteria causing the infection in order to guide treatment and preventative measures. Meningitis is diagnosed through spinal fluid analysis to check for signs of inflammation and look for bacteria. While some forms of bacterial meningitis can be transmitted between people, viruses that cause meningitis are not as contagious.
Topic Discussion 3 Bacterial Meningitis
This document discusses acute bacterial meningitis (BM), including its definition, incidence, risk factors, etiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment goals and principles, specific treatment recommendations for common causative organisms, prevention through vaccination, and outpatient management considerations. The prognosis of untreated BM is poor, with high treatment failure rates and risk of neurological complications; however, prompt administration of appropriate antibiotic therapy can significantly improve outcomes.
Bacterial meningitis
This document provides information on acute central nervous system infections, including bacterial meningitis and cerebral malaria. It defines meningitis as inflammation of the two inner layers of tissue covering the brain and spinal cord. It describes the relevant anatomy of the brain and meninges. Common causes of bacterial meningitis are discussed for different age groups. Risk factors, pathogenesis, clinical features, differential diagnosis, and initial investigations for meningitis and cerebral malaria are summarized. Lumbar puncture indications, contraindications, and analysis of cerebrospinal fluid are also outlined.
Meningitis
This document discusses different types of meningitis, including acute pyogenic meningitis, acute lymphocytic meningitis, and chronic meningitis. Acute pyogenic meningitis is caused by bacteria and results in inflammation of the meninges around the brain. Common causative organisms vary with age. Acute lymphocytic meningitis is usually viral and has milder symptoms that resolve more quickly. Chronic meningitis includes tuberculous and cryptococcal types, which cause long-term granulomatous inflammation that may lead to hydrocephalus. Diagnosis is based on examination of cerebrospinal fluid characteristics.
Bacterial meningitis
The document discusses bacterial meningitis, providing information on the anatomy of the meninges, causes of meningitis including bacterial, viral and fungal infections. It describes the typical presentation of bacterial meningitis including symptoms like headache, fever and neck stiffness. Complications are outlined such as subdural effusions, ependymitis and hydrocephalus. Causative organisms and their prevalence are summarized for different age groups.
Acute meningoencephalitis
Acute meningoencephalitis Powerpoint presentation.
It comprises of acute meningitis and acute encephalitis, their clinical features, physical assesment, diagnosis and treatment.
Bacterial meningitis
This document provides information about Neisseria meningitidis, the bacteria that causes meningococcal meningitis. It describes the morphological features and virulence factors of N. meningitidis, including its gram-negative diplococcal shape, polysaccharide capsule that allows it to evade the immune system, and pili that enable it to attach to cells in the nasopharynx. The document also outlines the pathogenesis of meningococcal meningitis, noting that the bacteria spread from the nasopharynx via the bloodstream to the meninges, where it can cause inflammation and potentially fatal infection.
Acute cns infection in children
This document discusses acute CNS infections such as acute pyogenic meningitis, meningoencephalitis, and tuberculous meningitis (TBM). It covers the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of these conditions. Common causes of acute pyogenic meningitis in children include Group B streptococcus, pneumococcus, meningococcus, and HIB. Meningoencephalitis can be caused by enteroviruses, arboviruses, or herpes viruses. TBM most often affects children ages 6 months to 4 years and has distinct prodromal, abrupt, and coma stages. Lumbar puncture and CSF analysis are important for diagnosing these infections
Pathophysiology and Treatment of Meningoencephalitis - A journal reading
This document discusses the pathophysiology and treatment of bacterial meningitis. It begins by defining bacterial meningitis as an inflammation of the meninges caused by bacterial invasion. It then discusses the pathogenesis, which involves bacterial invasion across the blood-brain barrier, an inflammatory response, and neuronal damage caused by bacterial toxins and immune responses. Clinical diagnosis is based on nonspecific symptoms but is confirmed by cerebrospinal fluid analysis showing inflammation. Treatment involves immediate empirical antibiotics along with corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and intracranial pressure.
Seminar on cns tubercuosis by Dr.Pradeep Singh
This document discusses central nervous system tuberculosis. It begins by introducing tuberculosis and its causative agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It then classifies and describes the different forms of neurotuberculosis, including tuberculous meningitis, tuberculomas, and Pott's disease. The document outlines the pathology, signs and symptoms, investigations, diagnostic criteria and staging of tuberculous meningitis. It discusses the recommended treatment regimens and adjunctive steroid therapy. It also briefly touches on spinal tuberculosis, tuberculosis in HIV patients, anti-tuberculosis drugs, and the role of surgery in some cases of CNS tuberculosis.
Bacterial Meningitis
Bacterial meningitis is a common central nervous system infection caused by various bacteria. Neisseria meningitidis is a major cause and produces an endotoxin responsible for circulatory collapse. It occurs sporadically or in epidemics, is transmitted via droplets, and prevalence is higher in young children and spleenectomized patients. Clinical presentation includes headache, fever, vomiting, and neck stiffness. Investigations include CSF analysis and blood cultures. Treatment involves antibiotics and supportive care while complications can include neurological deficits if left untreated. Vaccination and chemoprophylaxis can help prevent further spread.
Acute bacterial meningitis
This document discusses meningitis, including risk factors, causes, symptoms, physical exam findings, complications, and diagnosis. The main points are:
- Meningitis is an infection of the meninges that can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi or other organisms. Common bacterial causes include pneumococcus, meningococcus, and H. influenzae.
- Risk factors include extremes of age, immunocompromise, head injuries, co-existing infections like sinusitis. Symptoms include headache, fever, neck stiffness but presentation can vary, especially in young, old, or immunocompromised patients.
- Diagnosis involves lumbar puncture of CSF for analysis of white cells, glucose, proteins
Cns infections biplave nams
Acute infections of the nervous system like bacterial meningitis can be life-threatening if not recognized and treated early. The document discusses various acute infections including bacterial meningitis, viral meningitis, encephalitis, and fungal infections. It provides details on the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of bacterial meningitis, which is often characterized by the classic triad of fever, headache, and neck stiffness, and requires prompt lumbar puncture and antibiotic treatment to identify the pathogen and prevent complications.
Short presentation version cns infections Lecture
This document provides an overview of various infections that can affect the central nervous system, including bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi. It discusses specific conditions like bacterial meningitis, neurosyphilis, herpes simplex encephalitis, poliomyelitis, rabies, and more. For each, it covers topics like causes, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis.
Acute Bacterial Meningitis in Adults
Acute bacterial meningitis in adults remains a significant disease burden with a high mortality rate of up to 30%. It is a medical emergency requiring rapid diagnosis via cerebrospinal fluid analysis. Common causes include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and various bacteria that affect immunocompromised individuals. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to improve prognosis, as sequelae such as hearing loss are otherwise common.
CNS infections
Central nervous system infections can cause meningitis or encephalitis. Bacterial meningitis is commonly caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, or Haemophilus influenzae type b. It presents with fever, headache, neck stiffness, and altered mental status. Diagnosis involves lumbar puncture showing pleocytosis and low glucose in CSF. Treatment involves antibiotics, corticosteroids, and supportive care to prevent increased intracranial pressure complications.
Meningitis and its management
Meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges that can be caused by bacterial, viral, fungal or parasitic infections. Bacterial meningitis is the most common and can be life-threatening if not treated promptly with antibiotics. Symptoms include headache, fever, neck stiffness, nausea and altered mental status. Diagnosis involves lumbar puncture, culture and analysis of cerebrospinal fluid. Treatment focuses on identifying the causative organism and administering the appropriate antibiotics, antivirals or antifungals. Outcomes depend on early diagnosis and treatment, with sequelae including hearing loss, neurological deficits, and death.
Respiratory Complications of COVID-19
COVID-19 can cause lung complications such as pneumonia and, in the most severe cases, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or ARDS. Sepsis, another possible complication of COVID-19, can also cause lasting harm to the lungs and other organs.
2 meningitis
Meningitis p 885/p 902 PCCM p 223
o Causes
o Classification
o Assessment and common findings p 885/p 903
Clinical features, infants, adults
o Pathophysiology
o Management PCCM 223
o Complications
Bacterial meningitis
This document discusses bacterial meningitis. It begins by describing the meninges and cerebrospinal fluid. Bacterial meningitis is defined as an inflammation of the meninges caused by bacterial infection. Risk factors include transmission through air droplets, being a young adult, having a compromised immune system, or being a college student or traveler. Signs and symptoms include neck stiffness, light sensitivity, headache, and rash. Pathogenesis involves bacterial invasion across defects in the skull or spread from other sites of infection. Diagnosis is made through lumbar puncture and analysis of cerebrospinal fluid, along with blood tests and culture of the bacteria. The case study describes a 19-year-old male student diagnosed with men
Cns Infxs
The document discusses various types of meningitis and encephalitis. Meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or other pathogens. Bacterial meningitis presents with fever, headache, neck stiffness, and other neurological symptoms. Diagnosis involves lumbar puncture and microbiological testing of cerebrospinal fluid. Treatment focuses on antibiotics and supportive care. Encephalitis also causes inflammation in the brain and can be caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, or other infectious agents. It presents with fever, headache, and neurological deficits depending on the area of brain involvement. Diagnosis involves imaging, CSF analysis, and PCR testing. Treatment aims to
Pyogenic meningitis in child
Acute CNS infection can cause meningoencephalitis, an inflammation of the meninges and brain tissue. Viruses are a common cause, including enterovirus, arbovirus, and herpes virus. These viruses can directly invade and destroy brain cells. Clinical features include acute onset of fever, headache, irritability, and seizures. Diagnosis involves CSF analysis showing lymphocytic predominance and PCR or culture for the infecting virus. Treatment focuses on antivirals like acyclovir for herpes simplex virus. Outcomes depend on the specific virus and extent of brain involvement.
Brain Infxn 71609
This document discusses various types of meningitis and encephalitis. It begins by defining meningitis as an inflammation of the meninges surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It then describes the different causes of meningitis including bacterial, viral, fungal and others. It discusses the signs and symptoms, diagnostic findings, medical and nursing management of different types of meningitis and encephalitis.
Cns infections
This document discusses various central nervous system infections that can be seen on CT and MRI imaging. It covers different types of infections including bacterial, viral, fungal and parasitic. It describes the routes of spread and typical presentations of these infections. Specific pathogens are discussed along with the imaging appearance of associated conditions like meningitis, encephalitis, brain abscesses and more. Common findings on CT and MRI are presented with examples of imaging findings for infections caused by organisms like herpes simplex virus, tuberculosis, HIV and fungi such as Cryptococcus.
Diagnosis of cns infections
Bacterial infections of the central nervous system can cause meningitis, encephalitis, brain abscesses, and CSF shunt infections. Bacterial meningitis is the most common type and occurs when bacteria invade the subarachnoid space and CSF. The incidence is 3-5 per 100,000 people annually in the US. Bacterial meningitis and other CNS infections can cause significant morbidity and mortality if not treated promptly. A lumbar puncture is required to diagnose meningitis by examining the CSF for white blood cell count, differential count, Gram stain, and culture. Proper collection and rapid transport of CSF specimens to the laboratory is critical for accurate diagnosis. [END SUMMARY]
MENINGITIS & ENCEPHALITIS - Ayushi.pptx pdf
This document discusses meningitis and encephalitis. It defines meningitis as an infection of the meninges and encephalitis as an inflammation of the brain parenchyma. It outlines the different types of meningitis and common causative organisms. It describes the clinical features, investigations, complications, prognosis and treatment for both conditions. The goals of physical therapy for patients with these inflammatory central nervous system disorders are also mentioned.
Bohomolets Neurology Infectious Dx of CNS
The document discusses several infectious diseases of the central nervous system including meningitis, encephalitis, and arachnoiditis. It provides classifications of meningitis by etiology, pathogenesis, clinical course, and localization. Clinical signs of meningitis include fever, meningeal symptoms, and general brain symptoms. Diagnosis involves examination of cerebrospinal fluid. Treatment depends on the type of meningitis and may include antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs. Encephalitis is defined and its clinical manifestations, primary and secondary causes, and stages are outlined. Herpetic encephalitis is described in more detail regarding etiology, pathogenesis, pathomorphology, and early clinical presentations.
Más contenido relacionado
La actualidad más candente
Acute meningoencephalitis
Acute meningoencephalitis Powerpoint presentation.
It comprises of acute meningitis and acute encephalitis, their clinical features, physical assesment, diagnosis and treatment.
Bacterial meningitis
This document provides information about Neisseria meningitidis, the bacteria that causes meningococcal meningitis. It describes the morphological features and virulence factors of N. meningitidis, including its gram-negative diplococcal shape, polysaccharide capsule that allows it to evade the immune system, and pili that enable it to attach to cells in the nasopharynx. The document also outlines the pathogenesis of meningococcal meningitis, noting that the bacteria spread from the nasopharynx via the bloodstream to the meninges, where it can cause inflammation and potentially fatal infection.
Acute cns infection in children
This document discusses acute CNS infections such as acute pyogenic meningitis, meningoencephalitis, and tuberculous meningitis (TBM). It covers the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of these conditions. Common causes of acute pyogenic meningitis in children include Group B streptococcus, pneumococcus, meningococcus, and HIB. Meningoencephalitis can be caused by enteroviruses, arboviruses, or herpes viruses. TBM most often affects children ages 6 months to 4 years and has distinct prodromal, abrupt, and coma stages. Lumbar puncture and CSF analysis are important for diagnosing these infections
Pathophysiology and Treatment of Meningoencephalitis - A journal reading
This document discusses the pathophysiology and treatment of bacterial meningitis. It begins by defining bacterial meningitis as an inflammation of the meninges caused by bacterial invasion. It then discusses the pathogenesis, which involves bacterial invasion across the blood-brain barrier, an inflammatory response, and neuronal damage caused by bacterial toxins and immune responses. Clinical diagnosis is based on nonspecific symptoms but is confirmed by cerebrospinal fluid analysis showing inflammation. Treatment involves immediate empirical antibiotics along with corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and intracranial pressure.
Seminar on cns tubercuosis by Dr.Pradeep Singh
This document discusses central nervous system tuberculosis. It begins by introducing tuberculosis and its causative agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It then classifies and describes the different forms of neurotuberculosis, including tuberculous meningitis, tuberculomas, and Pott's disease. The document outlines the pathology, signs and symptoms, investigations, diagnostic criteria and staging of tuberculous meningitis. It discusses the recommended treatment regimens and adjunctive steroid therapy. It also briefly touches on spinal tuberculosis, tuberculosis in HIV patients, anti-tuberculosis drugs, and the role of surgery in some cases of CNS tuberculosis.
Bacterial Meningitis
Bacterial meningitis is a common central nervous system infection caused by various bacteria. Neisseria meningitidis is a major cause and produces an endotoxin responsible for circulatory collapse. It occurs sporadically or in epidemics, is transmitted via droplets, and prevalence is higher in young children and spleenectomized patients. Clinical presentation includes headache, fever, vomiting, and neck stiffness. Investigations include CSF analysis and blood cultures. Treatment involves antibiotics and supportive care while complications can include neurological deficits if left untreated. Vaccination and chemoprophylaxis can help prevent further spread.
Acute bacterial meningitis
This document discusses meningitis, including risk factors, causes, symptoms, physical exam findings, complications, and diagnosis. The main points are:
- Meningitis is an infection of the meninges that can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi or other organisms. Common bacterial causes include pneumococcus, meningococcus, and H. influenzae.
- Risk factors include extremes of age, immunocompromise, head injuries, co-existing infections like sinusitis. Symptoms include headache, fever, neck stiffness but presentation can vary, especially in young, old, or immunocompromised patients.
- Diagnosis involves lumbar puncture of CSF for analysis of white cells, glucose, proteins
Cns infections biplave nams
Acute infections of the nervous system like bacterial meningitis can be life-threatening if not recognized and treated early. The document discusses various acute infections including bacterial meningitis, viral meningitis, encephalitis, and fungal infections. It provides details on the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of bacterial meningitis, which is often characterized by the classic triad of fever, headache, and neck stiffness, and requires prompt lumbar puncture and antibiotic treatment to identify the pathogen and prevent complications.
Short presentation version cns infections Lecture
This document provides an overview of various infections that can affect the central nervous system, including bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi. It discusses specific conditions like bacterial meningitis, neurosyphilis, herpes simplex encephalitis, poliomyelitis, rabies, and more. For each, it covers topics like causes, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis.
Acute Bacterial Meningitis in Adults
Acute bacterial meningitis in adults remains a significant disease burden with a high mortality rate of up to 30%. It is a medical emergency requiring rapid diagnosis via cerebrospinal fluid analysis. Common causes include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and various bacteria that affect immunocompromised individuals. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to improve prognosis, as sequelae such as hearing loss are otherwise common.
CNS infections
Central nervous system infections can cause meningitis or encephalitis. Bacterial meningitis is commonly caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, or Haemophilus influenzae type b. It presents with fever, headache, neck stiffness, and altered mental status. Diagnosis involves lumbar puncture showing pleocytosis and low glucose in CSF. Treatment involves antibiotics, corticosteroids, and supportive care to prevent increased intracranial pressure complications.
Meningitis and its management
Meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges that can be caused by bacterial, viral, fungal or parasitic infections. Bacterial meningitis is the most common and can be life-threatening if not treated promptly with antibiotics. Symptoms include headache, fever, neck stiffness, nausea and altered mental status. Diagnosis involves lumbar puncture, culture and analysis of cerebrospinal fluid. Treatment focuses on identifying the causative organism and administering the appropriate antibiotics, antivirals or antifungals. Outcomes depend on early diagnosis and treatment, with sequelae including hearing loss, neurological deficits, and death.
Respiratory Complications of COVID-19
COVID-19 can cause lung complications such as pneumonia and, in the most severe cases, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or ARDS. Sepsis, another possible complication of COVID-19, can also cause lasting harm to the lungs and other organs.
2 meningitis
Meningitis p 885/p 902 PCCM p 223
o Causes
o Classification
o Assessment and common findings p 885/p 903
Clinical features, infants, adults
o Pathophysiology
o Management PCCM 223
o Complications
Bacterial meningitis
This document discusses bacterial meningitis. It begins by describing the meninges and cerebrospinal fluid. Bacterial meningitis is defined as an inflammation of the meninges caused by bacterial infection. Risk factors include transmission through air droplets, being a young adult, having a compromised immune system, or being a college student or traveler. Signs and symptoms include neck stiffness, light sensitivity, headache, and rash. Pathogenesis involves bacterial invasion across defects in the skull or spread from other sites of infection. Diagnosis is made through lumbar puncture and analysis of cerebrospinal fluid, along with blood tests and culture of the bacteria. The case study describes a 19-year-old male student diagnosed with men
Cns Infxs
The document discusses various types of meningitis and encephalitis. Meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or other pathogens. Bacterial meningitis presents with fever, headache, neck stiffness, and other neurological symptoms. Diagnosis involves lumbar puncture and microbiological testing of cerebrospinal fluid. Treatment focuses on antibiotics and supportive care. Encephalitis also causes inflammation in the brain and can be caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, or other infectious agents. It presents with fever, headache, and neurological deficits depending on the area of brain involvement. Diagnosis involves imaging, CSF analysis, and PCR testing. Treatment aims to
Pyogenic meningitis in child
Acute CNS infection can cause meningoencephalitis, an inflammation of the meninges and brain tissue. Viruses are a common cause, including enterovirus, arbovirus, and herpes virus. These viruses can directly invade and destroy brain cells. Clinical features include acute onset of fever, headache, irritability, and seizures. Diagnosis involves CSF analysis showing lymphocytic predominance and PCR or culture for the infecting virus. Treatment focuses on antivirals like acyclovir for herpes simplex virus. Outcomes depend on the specific virus and extent of brain involvement.
Brain Infxn 71609
This document discusses various types of meningitis and encephalitis. It begins by defining meningitis as an inflammation of the meninges surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It then describes the different causes of meningitis including bacterial, viral, fungal and others. It discusses the signs and symptoms, diagnostic findings, medical and nursing management of different types of meningitis and encephalitis.
Cns infections
This document discusses various central nervous system infections that can be seen on CT and MRI imaging. It covers different types of infections including bacterial, viral, fungal and parasitic. It describes the routes of spread and typical presentations of these infections. Specific pathogens are discussed along with the imaging appearance of associated conditions like meningitis, encephalitis, brain abscesses and more. Common findings on CT and MRI are presented with examples of imaging findings for infections caused by organisms like herpes simplex virus, tuberculosis, HIV and fungi such as Cryptococcus.
Diagnosis of cns infections
Bacterial infections of the central nervous system can cause meningitis, encephalitis, brain abscesses, and CSF shunt infections. Bacterial meningitis is the most common type and occurs when bacteria invade the subarachnoid space and CSF. The incidence is 3-5 per 100,000 people annually in the US. Bacterial meningitis and other CNS infections can cause significant morbidity and mortality if not treated promptly. A lumbar puncture is required to diagnose meningitis by examining the CSF for white blood cell count, differential count, Gram stain, and culture. Proper collection and rapid transport of CSF specimens to the laboratory is critical for accurate diagnosis. [END SUMMARY]
La actualidad más candente (20)
Pathophysiology and Treatment of Meningoencephalitis - A journal reading
Pathophysiology and Treatment of Meningoencephalitis - A journal reading
Similar a Acute central nervous system infection
MENINGITIS & ENCEPHALITIS - Ayushi.pptx pdf
This document discusses meningitis and encephalitis. It defines meningitis as an infection of the meninges and encephalitis as an inflammation of the brain parenchyma. It outlines the different types of meningitis and common causative organisms. It describes the clinical features, investigations, complications, prognosis and treatment for both conditions. The goals of physical therapy for patients with these inflammatory central nervous system disorders are also mentioned.
Bohomolets Neurology Infectious Dx of CNS
The document discusses several infectious diseases of the central nervous system including meningitis, encephalitis, and arachnoiditis. It provides classifications of meningitis by etiology, pathogenesis, clinical course, and localization. Clinical signs of meningitis include fever, meningeal symptoms, and general brain symptoms. Diagnosis involves examination of cerebrospinal fluid. Treatment depends on the type of meningitis and may include antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs. Encephalitis is defined and its clinical manifestations, primary and secondary causes, and stages are outlined. Herpetic encephalitis is described in more detail regarding etiology, pathogenesis, pathomorphology, and early clinical presentations.
Cns infections
This document provides an overview of central nervous system (CNS) infections including distinct clinical syndromes such as acute bacterial meningitis, viral meningitis, encephalitis, focal infections, and infectious thrombophlebitis. It discusses the epidemiology, etiology, risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of various CNS infections with a focus on bacterial meningitis. Common causes of bacterial meningitis are outlined for different age groups and risk factors. The diagnosis involves CSF and blood analysis as well as imaging studies. Treatment depends on the suspected pathogen and involves antimicrobial therapy. Viral encephalitis is also overviewed including definition, clinical manifestations, diagnosis involving CSF analysis and imaging, and generally
MENINGITIS.ppt
Meningitis is an inflammation (swelling) of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. A bacterial or viral infection of the fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord usually causes the swelling. However, injuries, cancer, certain drugs, and other types of infections also can cause meningitis.
Wbc physioclinical significance .
This document discusses the physiological and clinical significance of white blood cell counts. It describes what causes increased or decreased levels of neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, and other white blood cell types. Increased or decreased levels can indicate pathological conditions like infections, allergies, parasitic infections, bone marrow depression, AIDS, and other issues. The document provides examples of diseases and disorders that cause abnormalities in different white blood cell counts.
Tuberculous meningitis
This document discusses tuberculous meningitis, which is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infecting the meninges and brain. India has a high burden of tuberculosis cases, with around 10% of TB patients developing central nervous system involvement like tuberculous meningitis. Risk factors include delays in diagnosis and treatment as well as immunocompromised states. Clinically, patients initially experience headaches, vomiting and fever, progressing to altered mental status. Diagnosis involves lumbar puncture showing lymphocytic predominant meningitis as well as imaging and culture of cerebrospinal fluid. Treatment involves a combination of anti-tuberculosis drugs administered for 9-12 months.
Meningitis
This document discusses meningitis, including its classification, causative organisms, incidence, risk factors, pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and nursing management. It defines meningitis as an inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord, most commonly caused by bacteria or viruses. The main types are acute bacterial meningitis, which requires emergency treatment, and chronic meningitis, present for over a month. Common causative organisms are pneumococcal, meningococcal, and H. influenza bacteria. Clinical features include headache, fever, neck stiffness, and altered mental status. Diagnosis involves examination of cerebrospinal fluid. Treatment involves antibiotics and supportive care. Nursing focuses on
neuro infectious diseases.pptx
This document provides information on various neurological infections. It discusses meningitis, defining it as an inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It notes that meningitis can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi or other toxins. It also discusses types of meningitis such as bacterial, viral, and chronic meningitis. Additionally, it covers encephalitis, defining it as an inflammation of the brain tissue and membranes. It notes various causes of encephalitis and discusses associated clinical manifestations and treatment approaches.
BACTERIAL MENINGITIS present today.pptx
This document provides an overview of meningitis beyond the neonatal period. It discusses the epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, complications and prognosis of meningitis. The most common causative organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Clinical features may include fever, headache, vomiting, and signs of meningeal irritation. Diagnosis involves lumbar puncture and culture of CSF. Empiric antibiotic treatment is initiated while awaiting culture results. Complications can be early like seizures or late like hearing loss. Prognosis depends on causative organism, age of presentation, and presence of co-morbidities.
Recent trends in the mx of bacterial meningitis copy
This document discusses current trends in the management of infectious bacterial meningitis. It covers topics such as recognition of symptoms, risk factors, investigations including lumbar puncture, common causative organisms such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis, and empirical and specific antibiotic therapy. The management of bacterial meningitis requires rapid diagnosis and initiation of appropriate antibiotics within 60 minutes to prevent high mortality and neurological sequelae.
Nervous conditions 1.pdf
This document provides information on meningitis, including its causes, signs and symptoms, diagnostic evaluation, and management. It begins by defining meningitis as an inflammation of the meninges caused by various infectious microorganisms or non-infectious etiologies. The major causes are categorized as infective, including bacteria (such as Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae), viruses, fungi, and parasites, or non-infective such as cancers or autoimmune disorders. Clinical presentation varies depending on age but may include headache, fever, vomiting, seizures, and neck stiffness. Diagnosis involves lumbar puncture for cerebrospinal fluid analysis along with imaging and lab tests. Management is
Viral heamorraghic fever
This document provides an overview of viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF) and focuses on yellow fever. It classifies VHFs and describes their pathogenesis. Yellow fever is caused by a flavivirus transmitted by mosquitoes. It presents with fever, bleeding, liver and kidney damage. Diagnosis involves blood tests showing low platelets and clotting factors. Treatment focuses on supportive care; vaccines can prevent yellow fever.
Central Nervous System (CNS) TBacterialM
Central nervous system tuberculosis (CNS TB) can manifest as tuberculous meningitis, tuberculomas, or spinal tuberculous arachnoiditis. It accounts for 1-2% of active TB cases and 8% of extrapulmonary TB. The document discusses the pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, and management of CNS TB. It provides details on the types of CNS TB, their characteristics, and treatment involving antitubercular drugs with or without corticosteroids and intrathecal therapy.
22 Purulent Meningitis
Purulent meningitis is a serious infectious disease of the central nervous system that is most common in infants and children. The causative bacteria vary depending on the patient's age. Common bacteria include meningococci, hemophilus influenzae, and pneumococci. Purulent meningitis presents with nonspecific systemic symptoms along with signs of meningeal irritation and increased intracranial pressure. Diagnosis involves analysis of cerebrospinal fluid which shows neutrophilic pleocytosis, elevated proteins and low glucose. Complications can include subdural effusions, seizures, hydrocephalus and ventriculitis. Treatment involves initial broad-spectrum antibiotics targeting the common bacteria, followed by pathogen-directed therapy for
04 Neurologic
This document provides an overview of central nervous system infections, focusing on acute bacterial meningitis. It describes the typical causes, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, complications and treatment of bacterial meningitis. Key points include that the most common causes are Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae. Bacteria reach the subarachnoid space via the bloodstream or direct invasion. Typical symptoms are fever, headache, vomiting and signs of meningeal irritation. Diagnosis involves CSF analysis showing cloudy appearance, high pressure, neutrophil pleocytosis, elevated proteins and low glucose. Complications can include subdural effusions, hydrocephalus and brain damage.
04 Neurologic
This document provides an overview of central nervous system infections, focusing on acute bacterial meningitis. It describes the typical causes, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, complications and treatment of bacterial meningitis. Key points include that the most common causes are Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae. Bacteria reach the subarachnoid space via the bloodstream or direct invasion. Typical symptoms are fever, headache, vomiting and signs of meningeal irritation. Diagnosis involves CSF analysis showing cloudy appearance, high pressure, neutrophil pleocytosis, elevated proteins and low glucose. Complications can include subdural effusions, hydrocephalus and brain damage.
Encephelitis and brain abcess
Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma that is usually caused by viral infection. Common viruses include herpes simplex virus type 1 and West Nile virus. Clinical features include altered mental status, seizures, and focal neurological deficits. Diagnosis involves CSF analysis showing pleocytosis and identifying the virus through PCR or serology. Treatment involves antivirals for suspected viruses and managing increased intracranial pressure and seizures. Prognosis depends on the specific virus and early initiation of treatment.
CNS INFECTIONS.pdf
The document discusses central nervous system infections, focusing on bacterial meningitis. It outlines the epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment and management of various bacterial causes of meningitis such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, Listeria monocytogenes, and gram-negative bacilli. Early diagnosis and treatment with antibiotics is essential to prevent complications and reduce mortality from bacterial meningitis.
P10.cns infec
Central nervous system infections can cause fever and signs of neurological dysfunction. The most common types are meningitis (inflammation of the meninges) and encephalitis (inflammation of the brain). Acute bacterial meningitis is commonly caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae type b. Clinical manifestations include fever, headache, neck stiffness, and altered mental status. Diagnosis involves lumbar puncture and CSF analysis. Treatment involves supportive care, antibiotics, and management of increased intracranial pressure. Complications can include hearing loss, seizures, and intellectual disability. Prevention is through vaccination and chemoprophylaxis of close contacts for certain bacteria.
Similar a Acute central nervous system infection (20)
Recent trends in the mx of bacterial meningitis copy
Recent trends in the mx of bacterial meningitis copy
Más de Ramagopalan Surenthiran
Treatment of encephalitis
This document discusses the treatment and management of encephalitis. The main aims are to maintain vital functions, provide symptomatic management, ensure adequate nutrition, and prevent neurological sequelae. Specific treatments are outlined for different causes of encephalitis, including acyclovir for herpes simplex encephalitis, doxycycline for rickettsia, and amphotericin B or fluconazole for cryptococcal infections. Complications can include personality changes, speech and language problems, memory issues, and epilepsy. The prognosis depends on the cause, with an overall 5% mortality rate and two-thirds of survivors usually recovering fully.
tuberculous Meningitis treatment and complications
Symptomatic therapy:
Raised intracranial pressure- 20% Mannitol i.v 0.5 g/kg every 4-6 hr for maximum 6 doses.
Convulsions-Diazepam i.v followed by phenytoin.
Dyselectrolytemia-Maintenance fluids.
Hydrocephalus and persistent decerebration-Ventriculocaval shunt.
PATHOGENESIS AND CLINICAL FEATURES OF TB MENINGITIS
Tuberculous Meningitis,
Meningitis is a complication of childhood TB
More common at the age of 6 and 24 months of age
There is usually a focus of primary infection or miliary tuberculosis.
If untreated, high frequency of neurological sequelae and mortality occurs.
Investigations of encephalitis
VIRAL MENINGOENCEPHALITIS
CSF PRESSURE : Normal or Slightly raised (80-150 mm of H20)
LEUCOCYTES : few-1000 cells/mm3 - Initially poly morpho nuclear later mononuclear cells predominate
PROTEIN : Usually 50 -200 mg/dL
GLUCOSE : Normal or slightly reduced
ACUTE DISSEMINATED ENCEPHALOMYELITIS
CSF PRESSURE : Normal or Slightly raised
LEUCOCYTES: 100 cells/mm3, lymphocytosis
PROTEIN : Mildly elevated
GLUCOSE : Normal
Investigations of acute bacterial meningitis
csf findings:
Elevated pressure , turbid.
Elevated cell count >1000/mm3 , mostly polymorphic neutrophil.
Protiens are elevated above 100mg/dl.
Sugar is reduced below 50% of blood sugar level or below 40mg /dl.
Microspic examination of sediments with gram stain helps to identify organisms.
Collect CSF for culture.
In partially treated cases CSF is clear with more lymphocytes, culture is usually sterile.
Acute bacterial meningitis - clinical presentation
signs and symptoms:
Projectile vomiting
Shrill cry
Bulging fontanel
Altered sensorium
Seizures
Photophobia
Hypertonia
Neck rigidity
Kernig sign and Brudzinki sign positive
FUNDUS: Congestion, Pappilloedema
investigation of tuberculous bacterial meningitis
CSF analysis:
Elevated csf pressure (30-40cm h20)
Appearance clear or xanthochromic
Lymphocytic pleocytosis(100-500 cells/mm3)
Protein (>40mg/dl),mild hypoglycorrhachia
Chloride(>600mg/dl)
Low glucose concentration (<2.2mmol/L)
Encephalitis - clinical presentation
Is an inflammatory process of brain parenchyma.
Occurs most often in the first year of life
M/C in world and in INDIA _ Japanese encephalitis
In immunocompetent host- Vaicella , EBV, herpes
treatment of acute bacterial meningitis final
OUTLINE:
*INITIAL STABILIZATION
*ANTIBIOTICS THERAPY
*STEROIDS
*ICP MANAGEMENT
*SYMPTOMATIC THERAPY
*PROGNOSIS AND PREVENTION
INITIAL STABILIZATION
•
Airway, breathing and circulation must be
maintained
•
Correct shock, respiratory distress , multiple
organ system failure
•
Paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) until the
child is stable.
•
Monitoring of pulse rate, BP and respiratory rate
•
Frequent neurologic assessment
Cranium- anatomy of basi-cranium, dural venous sinus
Cranium is the skeleton of the head.
Neurocranium is the bony case of the brain and meninges. It is formed by a series of eight bones:
Unpaired: Frontal, Ethmoid, Sphenoid & Occipital
Paired : Temporal, Parietal
Ethmoid bone relatively minor contribution
ovary - Anatomy, histology and embryological development of ovary
Overview
*Anatomy
Location
Peritoneal relation
External features
*Blood supply
*Lymphatics drainage
*Nerve supply
*Embryology
*histology
Organic nitrates - pharmacology
These agents are simple nitric and nitrous acid esters of polyalcohols. Otherwise called, Nitro-vasodilators
Nitroglycerin may be considered the prototype of the group.
Important molecular donors of exogenous nitric oxide.
Denitration of the organic nitrates to liberate nitric oxide.
Relax smooth muscle (especially vascular smooth muscle, but also other types including oesophageal and biliary smooth muscle).
Classification breast tumour
This document outlines the classification of breast tumours according to histopathology, grade, stage, receptor status, and DNA. It describes the WHO histological classification including epithelial and stromal tumours of the breast, as well as tumours of the male breast and nipple. Benign and malignant epithelial lesions are defined. Malignant lesions include carcinoma in situ (DCIS and LCIS) and invasive carcinoma. Molecular subtypes and specific tumour types such as lobular carcinoma are also detailed. The classification of stromal tumours, tumours of the male breast, and nipple are summarized.
Adverse effect of Phenytoin
It is a non sedating oral antiepileptic drug.
Fosphenytoin :
Used in status epilepticus
water soluble prodrug of phenytoin
i.V administration
anatomy of Para nasal sinus with clinical anatomy
Paranasal sinuses are a group of air containing spaces that surround the nasal cavity and directly open into the nasal cavity through their ostia.
Lined by pseudo stratified columnar epithelium
Paget's disease
pathological aspects of paget's disease of nipple with excellent animation for progress of paget's disease. all the points derived from standard reference books.
Diabetic foot ulcer
proper clinical presentation of diabetic foot with photographic picture. each point analysed from surgical manual of Das.
Femoral hernia with umbilical hernia
This document provides information on femoral triangle anatomy, femoral hernia, and umbilical hernia. It describes the boundaries of the femoral triangle and sheath. It then discusses the presentation, types, investigations, and surgical treatments of femoral hernia using various approaches like Lockwood, Lotheissen, and McEvedy. For umbilical hernia, it outlines the causes in children versus adults and various surgical repair techniques like Mayo's repair and mesh repair options based on hernia size and location.
Más de Ramagopalan Surenthiran (18)
tuberculous Meningitis treatment and complications
tuberculous Meningitis treatment and complications
PATHOGENESIS AND CLINICAL FEATURES OF TB MENINGITIS
PATHOGENESIS AND CLINICAL FEATURES OF TB MENINGITIS
Acute bacterial meningitis - clinical presentation
Acute bacterial meningitis - clinical presentation
Cranium- anatomy of basi-cranium, dural venous sinus
Cranium- anatomy of basi-cranium, dural venous sinus
ovary - Anatomy, histology and embryological development of ovary
ovary - Anatomy, histology and embryological development of ovary
Último
How to deliver Powerpoint Presentations.pptx
"How to make and deliver dynamic presentations by making it more interactive to captivate your audience attention"
ANATOMY AND BIOMECHANICS OF HIP JOINT.pdf
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 Inventory
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptx
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
Physical pharmaceutics notes for B.pharm students
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit Innovation
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pecb/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective UpskillingExcellence Foundation for South Sudan
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh - RAYH...
Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh
PCOS corelations and management through Ayurveda.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptxMohd Adib Abd Muin, Senior Lecturer at Universiti Utara Malaysia
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...National Information Standards Organization (NISO)
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...
Librarians are leading the way in creating future-ready citizens – now we need to update our spaces to match. In this session, attendees will get inspiration for transforming their library spaces. You’ll learn how to survey students and patrons, create a focus group, and use design thinking to brainstorm ideas for your space. We’ll discuss budget friendly ways to change your space as well as how to find funding. No matter where you’re at, you’ll find ideas for reimagining your space in this session.
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2024-2025 - ...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2024-2025 - ...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
https://app.box.com/s/tacvl9ekroe9hqupdnjruiypvm9rdaneHow to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
Último (20)
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 Inventory
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 Inventory
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptx
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptx
Digital Artefact 1 - Tiny Home Environmental Design
Digital Artefact 1 - Tiny Home Environmental Design
RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit Innovation
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit Innovation
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh - RAYH...
Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh - RAYH...
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...
Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2024-2025 - ...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2024-2025 - ...
Acute central nervous system infection
- 1. ACUTE CNS INFECTION P.POOJA SWETHA MBBS IV YEAR
- 2. INTRODUCTION Encephalopathy => cerebral dysfunction due to circulatory toxins, poisons, abnormal metabolites. Intrinsic biochemical disorder affecting neurons without inflammatory response Inflammation of meninges – meningitis Involvement of brain parenchyma – meningoencephalitis
- 3. ETIOLOGY OF ENCEPHALOPATHIES Infections Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis Postinfectious : typhoid, shigella, Reye syndrome Hypoxic encephalopathy, heat hyperpyrexia Metabolic : diabetic acidosis, uremic coma, hepatic coma, neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, lactic acidosis, mitochondrial disorders, inborn error of metabolism Fluid and electrolyte disturbances: water intoxication, hypernatremia, hyponatremia, alkalosis, acidosis Toxic: heavy metals, insecticides, carbon monoxide Post vaccination
- 5. AGE AND INCIDENCE Age: – 90% between 1month to 5 yrs Incidence: – 5.4 to 7.3/1,00000 population Decreased after use of conjugate Hemophilus Influenza b vaccine
- 6. ETIOLOGY Depends on Age Immune Status of the host Environmental factors
- 7. ETIOLOGICAL ORGANISMS NEONATAL PERIOD: Group B streptococcus, Gram negative enteric organisms, Listeria monocytogenes, Hemophilus influenza. 2MONTHS ‐12YRS: Hemophilus influenza(<5yrs), Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, Rarely : Staph.aureus, S.typhi, Pseudomonas
- 8. RISK FACTORS Lack of immunity Close contact with invasive disease caused by He mophilus influenza, Neisseria meningitidis. Overcrowding Occult bacteremia in infants
- 10. ROUTES OF SPREAD Blood spread • pneumonia • Cochlear implant, osteomyelitis Direct spread • Trauma, neuro surgery • sinusitis Others • Csf rhinorrhea • Myelo menigocele
- 11. PATHOGENESIS Meninges infiltrated with inflammatory cells Cortex shows edema , proliferation of microglia, destruction of ependymal cells. PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES Exudate Subpial toxemia Vasculitis and thrombosis
- 12. EXUDATES Sites of collection • Cerebral vessels • Sylvian fissures • Base and surface of brain • cerebellum Manifestations • Meningeal irritation • Raised ICT Complications • Internal hydrocephalus • Neurodeficits
- 13. VASCULAR CHANGES Subintimal changes in the small vessels & arte ries, Thrombosis and thrombophlebitis of small cortical veins, Subarachnoid haemorrhage, Hemiparesis due to ischemia
- 14. SUBCELLULAR PATHOGENIC MECHANISM Subpial toxemia: TNF and cytokine production Bacterial pathogen release endotoxin and peptidoglycans => extensive host damage Cerebral edema Cytotoxins- cytotoxic edema Increased vascular permeability- vasogenic edema
- 15. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF MENINGITIS Tubercular meningitis Viral encephalitis Meningism Aseptic meningitis Cryptococcal meningitis Lyme disease Subarachnoid hemorrhage
- 16. TUBERCULAR MENINGITIS Tuberculosis -major global health problem 2nd leading cause of death among infectious disease worldwide ‐ after HIV In 2013 –9.0 million new TB cases & 1.5 million TB deaths Infection of the CNS is one of the most devastating clini cal manifestations of tuberculosis
- 17. EPIDEMIOLOGY Approximately 95% of tuberculosis cases occur in the devel oping world. Worldwide (2013) ‐‐ 8.7 million incident cases, ‐‐ 12 million prevalent cases, ‐‐ 1.4 million deaths from tuberculosis India accounts for 1/5 of the global TB burden The global burden is influenced by the HIV pandemic; MDR TB; Most common between 6 and 24 months of age
- 18. ETIOPATHOGENESIS TB Bacillemia (primary or late reactivation) Subependymal tubercles Rupture into the subarachnoid space Meningitis
- 19. ENCEPHALITIS Inflammation of brain parenchyma ETIOLOGY RNA viruses : mumps, measles, rubella, enterovirus DNA viruses : HSV , CMV , EBV Arthropod borne viruses: JE, west nile, equine virus HIV, Rabies, prion infections , dengue virus Lymphocytic meningitis Rickettsia; cryptococcus; toxoplasma
- 20. THANK YOU