This document provides an overview of geriatrics and common issues in caring for elderly patients. It discusses how biological age is more important than chronological age in clinical decision making. Frailty and disability are also addressed. Common geriatric problems like falls, delirium, incontinence and adverse drug reactions are examined in terms of presentation, evaluation, and management strategies. The importance of a comprehensive assessment, considering multiple comorbidities and functional status, is emphasized in developing treatment plans for elderly patients.
Geriatric medicine focuses on frail older patients whose health is easily impacted by minor illness. These patients often have multiple medical issues and atypical presentations of conditions. Decisions about their care require considering biological age, tolerance for interventions, impact on management, and patient/family preferences. Falls are a major problem and can result from acute illness, syncope, or mechanical issues like weakness, poor vision or balance. Thorough evaluation and targeting modifiable risk factors can help prevent falls and fractures in older adults.
This document discusses the management of diabetes in elderly patients. It notes that diabetes prevalence is increasing globally and is especially prevalent in aging populations due to increased complexity, comorbidities, and risk of functional decline. Proper management of elderly diabetes requires individualized, holistic care plans focused on safety, risk minimization, and maintaining quality of life. Key aspects of care include education, nutrition, exercise, medication management, screening and prevention of complications, and management of comorbidities like cardiovascular disease.
DEVOLOPMENTAL DISABILTIES IN OLDER PEOPLE NEW.pptxhashimedavath
Developmental disabilities can persist into older age and present unique challenges. Common conditions that contribute to disability in older populations include arthritis, cognitive impairment, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, and falls. Effective management involves a combination of medications, physical therapy, lifestyle changes, and social support tailored to individual needs and conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, autism, Down syndrome, or cerebral palsy. Regular medical care and communication between individuals and healthcare providers are important to address evolving health issues.
This document provides an overview of geriatrics and aging. It defines geriatrics as the care of aged people and notes it is a subspecialty of internal medicine focused on prevention and treatment of age-related disabilities. Key points include:
- Geriatrics aims to address common problems in old age like immobility, instability, intellectual impairment, incontinence, and multiple medical issues.
- Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment is a multidisciplinary approach to evaluate older patients' medical, psychological and functional status to maximize health and quality of life.
- Research seeks to understand aging processes to develop interventions that may slow or stop aging through approaches like modifying gene expression, repairing telomeres, or
medical surgical nursing , nursing care of elderly patient with disease conditions and different care given to them,it contain introduction , definition, nursing care, patient teaching, diet management, research.
This document provides an overview of geriatrics and common issues in caring for elderly patients. It discusses how biological age is more important than chronological age in clinical decision making. Frailty and disability are also addressed. Common geriatric problems like falls, delirium, incontinence and adverse drug reactions are examined in terms of presentation, evaluation, and management strategies. The importance of a comprehensive assessment, considering multiple comorbidities and functional status, is emphasized in developing treatment plans for elderly patients.
Geriatric medicine focuses on frail older patients whose health is easily impacted by minor illness. These patients often have multiple medical issues and atypical presentations of conditions. Decisions about their care require considering biological age, tolerance for interventions, impact on management, and patient/family preferences. Falls are a major problem and can result from acute illness, syncope, or mechanical issues like weakness, poor vision or balance. Thorough evaluation and targeting modifiable risk factors can help prevent falls and fractures in older adults.
This document discusses the management of diabetes in elderly patients. It notes that diabetes prevalence is increasing globally and is especially prevalent in aging populations due to increased complexity, comorbidities, and risk of functional decline. Proper management of elderly diabetes requires individualized, holistic care plans focused on safety, risk minimization, and maintaining quality of life. Key aspects of care include education, nutrition, exercise, medication management, screening and prevention of complications, and management of comorbidities like cardiovascular disease.
DEVOLOPMENTAL DISABILTIES IN OLDER PEOPLE NEW.pptxhashimedavath
Developmental disabilities can persist into older age and present unique challenges. Common conditions that contribute to disability in older populations include arthritis, cognitive impairment, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, and falls. Effective management involves a combination of medications, physical therapy, lifestyle changes, and social support tailored to individual needs and conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, autism, Down syndrome, or cerebral palsy. Regular medical care and communication between individuals and healthcare providers are important to address evolving health issues.
This document provides an overview of geriatrics and aging. It defines geriatrics as the care of aged people and notes it is a subspecialty of internal medicine focused on prevention and treatment of age-related disabilities. Key points include:
- Geriatrics aims to address common problems in old age like immobility, instability, intellectual impairment, incontinence, and multiple medical issues.
- Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment is a multidisciplinary approach to evaluate older patients' medical, psychological and functional status to maximize health and quality of life.
- Research seeks to understand aging processes to develop interventions that may slow or stop aging through approaches like modifying gene expression, repairing telomeres, or
medical surgical nursing , nursing care of elderly patient with disease conditions and different care given to them,it contain introduction , definition, nursing care, patient teaching, diet management, research.
This document discusses common problems in the elderly population and principles of geriatric care. It outlines several key issues:
1. Common geriatric syndromes include impaired cognition, urinary incontinence, falls, depression, and polypharmacy. Chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, and osteoarthritis are also prevalent.
2. Effective geriatric care requires a comprehensive approach that considers multimorbidity, screening for underdiagnosed conditions, and goals of maintaining function rather than cure.
3. Key principles of care include considering aging itself is not a disease, screening for cognitive and affective disorders, preventing iatrogenic illnesses, and providing interprofessional and person-centered care.
Geriatric Dentistry with Nutrition in Geriatrics...Prosthodontics and Geriatrics...Management of Geriatric Patients in Prosthodontics...Full prepared seminar.. Have a look :)
This document summarizes a chapter from the third edition of the textbook "Gerontological Nursing" about caring for frail older adults with multiple health conditions. The chapter discusses how aging-related changes and comorbidities can lead to frailty, functional decline, and increased risks of hospitalization. It also covers nursing assessments and interventions to improve care and quality of life for older adults with complex health needs, including a focus on palliative care approaches.
This document discusses several major geriatric syndromes including falls, polypharmacy, cognitive impairment (delirium and dementia), urinary incontinence, and overactive bladder. It provides details on the evaluation and management of these conditions. Geriatric syndromes are multifactorial health conditions that occur with impairments in multiple body systems, and these syndromes cross disciplinary boundaries. Falls are one of the most common geriatric syndromes that internists encounter. Polypharmacy increases risks of adverse drug events in older adults. Delirium and dementia are forms of cognitive impairment that require evaluation and management of underlying causes.
Homeopathic Doctor - Dr. Anita Salunke homeopathic clinic for DimentiaShewta shetty
Homeopathic Doctor Anita Salunke practices in Chembur, Mumbai, India in her homeopathic clinic Mindheal. Find more information about homeopathic treatment at Mindheal. Welcome to safe, sure and effective homeopathic treatment Dimentia
This document defines frailty and discusses its biological underpinnings. It begins by defining frailty as a clinical state of increased vulnerability to stressors due to age-related declines in physiological systems. Two main approaches to conceptualizing frailty are described: the phenotypic approach which sees it as a biological syndrome, and the deficit accumulation approach which views it as a multidimensional risk state. The document then discusses the potential biological mechanisms that can drive physical frailty, including declines in metabolism, nutrition utilization and skeletal muscle that trigger a cycle of physiological decline. It also briefly discusses the epidemiology and risk factors of frailty.
July 2022 - ATYPICAL PRESENTATIONS Prof. A.E.A. Jaiyesimi.pdfAdamu Mohammad
The document discusses atypical presentations of diseases in the elderly. It notes that diseases may present differently in older patients compared to textbook descriptions. Conditions can manifest as falls, confusion, or worsening of other diseases, rather than typical symptoms. It is important for clinicians to consider any changes from an elderly patient's baseline as a potential medical problem. Misdiagnosis is common if presentations are not recognized as atypical. A thorough assessment accounting for multiple conditions and medications is crucial for accurate diagnosis and treatment of disease in older patients.
July 2022 - ATYPICAL PRESENTATIONS Prof. A.E.A. Jaiyesimi.pdfAdamu Mohammad
1) Diseases often present atypically in the elderly due to changes from the aging process and increased likelihood of multiple conditions. Symptoms may be non-specific like fatigue rather than typical features.
2) Assessment of any changes from baseline in functioning, behavior, or symptoms is important as subtle changes could indicate an underlying medical problem.
3) Atypical presentations can lead to misdiagnosis, delayed treatment, and worse outcomes in the elderly if the clinician is not experienced in geriatric care. A high index of suspicion is needed.
Geriatric medicine is practiced across various clinical settings to treat older patients. It is an important field because most doctors will treat many older patients, yet illness in older adults often presents atypically. A comprehensive geriatric assessment by a multidisciplinary team that includes a geriatrics doctor can improve outcomes for older patients by optimizing medical care, functional ability, and quality of life. Communication with older patients and their caregivers is key.
Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention: Nutritional Needs and the ABCS Approachwef
This document discusses a workshop on heart disease and stroke prevention through proper nutrition. The objectives are to understand nutrition needs of older adults, the relationship between nutrition and health, and the ABCS approach to prevention. Key points covered include nutritional needs like calories, fluids, protein, vitamins and minerals; potential complications in older adults like physical changes, malnutrition risks, and dehydration risks; special needs of groups like those with disabilities or dementia; how medications can impact nutrition and vice versa; nutrition interventions for chronic diseases; and the ABCS initiative of aspirin use, blood pressure control, cholesterol management, and smoking cessation.
The document discusses several topics related to nutrition and pharmacology in elderly patients. It covers nutrition and how age-related changes can impact nutritional status. Methods of nutritional assessment are described, including anthropometric measurements, biochemical tests, clinical evaluations, and dietary assessments. Energy and protein requirements as well as vitamin needs in elderly patients are also covered. The document then discusses how certain drugs can impact nutrition and how pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics are altered in elderly patients due to changes in absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs. Geriatric services available are summarized, including informal care, health care services, rehabilitation programs, and long-term care facilities like nursing homes.
Evaluation and Management of Behaviors in Persons with Cognitive ImpairmentVITAS Healthcare
The goal of this webinar is to enable healthcare clinicians to implement a comprehensive approach to non-pharmacologic and pharmacologic management of dementia-related behaviors for the benefit of patients and their caregivers.
1) End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is a chronic condition requiring artificial means of excretion for survival, impacting patients' sense of control and leading to high rates of anxiety and depression compared to other chronic illnesses.
2) Depression is common in ESRD patients and can complicate treatment compliance. Additional stressors like biochemical changes and cognitive impairment may also contribute to depression.
3) The physical and time demands of dialysis treatment restrict patients' diets, activities, and social interactions, further impacting their quality of life and psychological well-being. Faith and religion help some patients cope.
The document provides an overview of geriatrics and how older patients differ from younger patients. It discusses several key points: (1) Physiological changes associated with aging can increase vulnerability to disease and functional decline; (2) Geriatric syndromes like falls, incontinence and dementia are more prevalent in older adults and negatively impact health; (3) Assessing and addressing geriatric syndromes requires an interdisciplinary team approach. Maintaining function and independence in older patients requires understanding unique aging issues and challenges.
Nursing management of the- medical surgical nursing-1 UNIT 14.pptxJyotiBhagat31
nursing management of the elderly, Geriatrics, Gerontology,
assessment of elderly, ageing process, common ageing changes, psychological changes, assessment of disabilities, helping elderly person in promoting wellness and self care, home and institution care of elders.
Eating disorders and impulse control disorders are pathological conditions characterized by difficulties regulating behaviors related to food, stealing, fire-setting, hair-pulling, and gambling. Anorexia nervosa involves refusal to maintain a healthy body weight due to fear of gaining weight. It often begins in adolescence and can have severe medical complications if untreated. Impulse control disorders like kleptomania and trichotillomania involve recurrent failure to resist urges to steal or pull out one's hair despite negative consequences. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and cognitive behavioral therapy may help treat eating disorders and impulse control disorders.
lecture 11 NUTRITION FOR THE ELDERLY NTLC (1).pptxSYEDZIYADFURQAN
This document discusses nutrition for the elderly, covering several key points:
1) Good nutrition and physical activity can increase longevity and quality of life for the elderly by supporting health and preventing or delaying disease.
2) The elderly have changing nutritional needs due to physiological factors like loss of muscle mass and changes to sensory abilities.
3) Proper hydration, protein intake, and vitamins/minerals like vitamin D are especially important for health and disease prevention in the elderly.
The document discusses several factors that should be considered for syndromes associated with the geriatric population, including diminished physiological reserve, loss of complexity, and higher basal sympathetic activity. It then presents several clinical scenarios involving an elderly male with diabetes and hypertension presenting with malaise and fatigue, an elderly female who fell and injured her leg, and an elderly male with urinary incontinence. It discusses conditions like frailty, falls, pressure ulcers, urinary incontinence, and cognitive impairment that are common in geriatric patients.
Secrets of individualisation unspoken issues in diabetesNeuro Mcq
Sexual dysfunction is a common but underreported complication of diabetes. For men, erectile dysfunction is prevalent, affecting 35-75% of diabetic men compared to 26% of non-diabetic men. For women, diabetes is associated with higher rates of female sexual dysfunction. Both vascular and neurological changes from diabetes contribute to sexual issues. While challenging for patients and doctors to discuss, evaluating and treating sexual dysfunction can help improve quality of life for people with diabetes.
This document discusses common problems in the elderly population and principles of geriatric care. It outlines several key issues:
1. Common geriatric syndromes include impaired cognition, urinary incontinence, falls, depression, and polypharmacy. Chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, and osteoarthritis are also prevalent.
2. Effective geriatric care requires a comprehensive approach that considers multimorbidity, screening for underdiagnosed conditions, and goals of maintaining function rather than cure.
3. Key principles of care include considering aging itself is not a disease, screening for cognitive and affective disorders, preventing iatrogenic illnesses, and providing interprofessional and person-centered care.
Geriatric Dentistry with Nutrition in Geriatrics...Prosthodontics and Geriatrics...Management of Geriatric Patients in Prosthodontics...Full prepared seminar.. Have a look :)
This document summarizes a chapter from the third edition of the textbook "Gerontological Nursing" about caring for frail older adults with multiple health conditions. The chapter discusses how aging-related changes and comorbidities can lead to frailty, functional decline, and increased risks of hospitalization. It also covers nursing assessments and interventions to improve care and quality of life for older adults with complex health needs, including a focus on palliative care approaches.
This document discusses several major geriatric syndromes including falls, polypharmacy, cognitive impairment (delirium and dementia), urinary incontinence, and overactive bladder. It provides details on the evaluation and management of these conditions. Geriatric syndromes are multifactorial health conditions that occur with impairments in multiple body systems, and these syndromes cross disciplinary boundaries. Falls are one of the most common geriatric syndromes that internists encounter. Polypharmacy increases risks of adverse drug events in older adults. Delirium and dementia are forms of cognitive impairment that require evaluation and management of underlying causes.
Homeopathic Doctor - Dr. Anita Salunke homeopathic clinic for DimentiaShewta shetty
Homeopathic Doctor Anita Salunke practices in Chembur, Mumbai, India in her homeopathic clinic Mindheal. Find more information about homeopathic treatment at Mindheal. Welcome to safe, sure and effective homeopathic treatment Dimentia
This document defines frailty and discusses its biological underpinnings. It begins by defining frailty as a clinical state of increased vulnerability to stressors due to age-related declines in physiological systems. Two main approaches to conceptualizing frailty are described: the phenotypic approach which sees it as a biological syndrome, and the deficit accumulation approach which views it as a multidimensional risk state. The document then discusses the potential biological mechanisms that can drive physical frailty, including declines in metabolism, nutrition utilization and skeletal muscle that trigger a cycle of physiological decline. It also briefly discusses the epidemiology and risk factors of frailty.
July 2022 - ATYPICAL PRESENTATIONS Prof. A.E.A. Jaiyesimi.pdfAdamu Mohammad
The document discusses atypical presentations of diseases in the elderly. It notes that diseases may present differently in older patients compared to textbook descriptions. Conditions can manifest as falls, confusion, or worsening of other diseases, rather than typical symptoms. It is important for clinicians to consider any changes from an elderly patient's baseline as a potential medical problem. Misdiagnosis is common if presentations are not recognized as atypical. A thorough assessment accounting for multiple conditions and medications is crucial for accurate diagnosis and treatment of disease in older patients.
July 2022 - ATYPICAL PRESENTATIONS Prof. A.E.A. Jaiyesimi.pdfAdamu Mohammad
1) Diseases often present atypically in the elderly due to changes from the aging process and increased likelihood of multiple conditions. Symptoms may be non-specific like fatigue rather than typical features.
2) Assessment of any changes from baseline in functioning, behavior, or symptoms is important as subtle changes could indicate an underlying medical problem.
3) Atypical presentations can lead to misdiagnosis, delayed treatment, and worse outcomes in the elderly if the clinician is not experienced in geriatric care. A high index of suspicion is needed.
Geriatric medicine is practiced across various clinical settings to treat older patients. It is an important field because most doctors will treat many older patients, yet illness in older adults often presents atypically. A comprehensive geriatric assessment by a multidisciplinary team that includes a geriatrics doctor can improve outcomes for older patients by optimizing medical care, functional ability, and quality of life. Communication with older patients and their caregivers is key.
Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention: Nutritional Needs and the ABCS Approachwef
This document discusses a workshop on heart disease and stroke prevention through proper nutrition. The objectives are to understand nutrition needs of older adults, the relationship between nutrition and health, and the ABCS approach to prevention. Key points covered include nutritional needs like calories, fluids, protein, vitamins and minerals; potential complications in older adults like physical changes, malnutrition risks, and dehydration risks; special needs of groups like those with disabilities or dementia; how medications can impact nutrition and vice versa; nutrition interventions for chronic diseases; and the ABCS initiative of aspirin use, blood pressure control, cholesterol management, and smoking cessation.
The document discusses several topics related to nutrition and pharmacology in elderly patients. It covers nutrition and how age-related changes can impact nutritional status. Methods of nutritional assessment are described, including anthropometric measurements, biochemical tests, clinical evaluations, and dietary assessments. Energy and protein requirements as well as vitamin needs in elderly patients are also covered. The document then discusses how certain drugs can impact nutrition and how pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics are altered in elderly patients due to changes in absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs. Geriatric services available are summarized, including informal care, health care services, rehabilitation programs, and long-term care facilities like nursing homes.
Evaluation and Management of Behaviors in Persons with Cognitive ImpairmentVITAS Healthcare
The goal of this webinar is to enable healthcare clinicians to implement a comprehensive approach to non-pharmacologic and pharmacologic management of dementia-related behaviors for the benefit of patients and their caregivers.
1) End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is a chronic condition requiring artificial means of excretion for survival, impacting patients' sense of control and leading to high rates of anxiety and depression compared to other chronic illnesses.
2) Depression is common in ESRD patients and can complicate treatment compliance. Additional stressors like biochemical changes and cognitive impairment may also contribute to depression.
3) The physical and time demands of dialysis treatment restrict patients' diets, activities, and social interactions, further impacting their quality of life and psychological well-being. Faith and religion help some patients cope.
The document provides an overview of geriatrics and how older patients differ from younger patients. It discusses several key points: (1) Physiological changes associated with aging can increase vulnerability to disease and functional decline; (2) Geriatric syndromes like falls, incontinence and dementia are more prevalent in older adults and negatively impact health; (3) Assessing and addressing geriatric syndromes requires an interdisciplinary team approach. Maintaining function and independence in older patients requires understanding unique aging issues and challenges.
Nursing management of the- medical surgical nursing-1 UNIT 14.pptxJyotiBhagat31
nursing management of the elderly, Geriatrics, Gerontology,
assessment of elderly, ageing process, common ageing changes, psychological changes, assessment of disabilities, helping elderly person in promoting wellness and self care, home and institution care of elders.
Eating disorders and impulse control disorders are pathological conditions characterized by difficulties regulating behaviors related to food, stealing, fire-setting, hair-pulling, and gambling. Anorexia nervosa involves refusal to maintain a healthy body weight due to fear of gaining weight. It often begins in adolescence and can have severe medical complications if untreated. Impulse control disorders like kleptomania and trichotillomania involve recurrent failure to resist urges to steal or pull out one's hair despite negative consequences. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and cognitive behavioral therapy may help treat eating disorders and impulse control disorders.
lecture 11 NUTRITION FOR THE ELDERLY NTLC (1).pptxSYEDZIYADFURQAN
This document discusses nutrition for the elderly, covering several key points:
1) Good nutrition and physical activity can increase longevity and quality of life for the elderly by supporting health and preventing or delaying disease.
2) The elderly have changing nutritional needs due to physiological factors like loss of muscle mass and changes to sensory abilities.
3) Proper hydration, protein intake, and vitamins/minerals like vitamin D are especially important for health and disease prevention in the elderly.
The document discusses several factors that should be considered for syndromes associated with the geriatric population, including diminished physiological reserve, loss of complexity, and higher basal sympathetic activity. It then presents several clinical scenarios involving an elderly male with diabetes and hypertension presenting with malaise and fatigue, an elderly female who fell and injured her leg, and an elderly male with urinary incontinence. It discusses conditions like frailty, falls, pressure ulcers, urinary incontinence, and cognitive impairment that are common in geriatric patients.
Secrets of individualisation unspoken issues in diabetesNeuro Mcq
Sexual dysfunction is a common but underreported complication of diabetes. For men, erectile dysfunction is prevalent, affecting 35-75% of diabetic men compared to 26% of non-diabetic men. For women, diabetes is associated with higher rates of female sexual dysfunction. Both vascular and neurological changes from diabetes contribute to sexual issues. While challenging for patients and doctors to discuss, evaluating and treating sexual dysfunction can help improve quality of life for people with diabetes.
Similar a AGEING POPULATION in the university presentations .pptx (20)
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune DiseaseHealth Advances
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
Travel vaccination in Manchester offers comprehensive immunization services for individuals planning international trips. Expert healthcare providers administer vaccines tailored to your destination, ensuring you stay protected against various diseases. Conveniently located clinics and flexible appointment options make it easy to get the necessary shots before your journey. Stay healthy and travel with confidence by getting vaccinated in Manchester. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
Hiranandani Hospital in Powai, Mumbai, is a premier healthcare institution that has been serving the community with exceptional medical care since its establishment. As a part of the renowned Hiranandani Group, the hospital is committed to delivering world-class healthcare services across a wide range of specialties, including kidney transplantation. With its state-of-the-art facilities, advanced medical technology, and a team of highly skilled healthcare professionals, Hiranandani Hospital has earned a reputation as a trusted name in the healthcare industry. The hospital's patient-centric approach, coupled with its focus on innovation and excellence, ensures that patients receive the highest standard of care in a compassionate and supportive environment.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
One health condition that is becoming more common day by day is diabetes.
According to research conducted by the National Family Health Survey of India, diabetic cases show a projection which might increase to 10.4% by 2030.
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.
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2. At the end of the session, you will be
able to:
• Understand the physical and
psychological changes in ageing
population;
• Discuss frailty as an example of such
changes in ageing population;
• Assess and plan to respond to frailty
and other changes in ageing
population.
3. • Multiple definitions available.
• The condition of being weak and delicate…
• Frailty is most often defined as a syndrome
of physiological decline in late life,
characterized by marked vulnerability to
adverse health outcomes.
• Frailty can be defined as a clinical state where
there is a increase in individual’s vulnerability
to develop negative health-related events
(including disability, hospitalizations, and
death).
• Age-associated declines in physiologic
reserve and functions…
Frailty -Definition
4. • Physical frailty
and
psychological
frailty
• Aging-related state
of vulnerability
• High risk - for: mortality;
falls; disability;
hospitalization
• Potential for treatment and
prevention of frailty as well
as its poor outcomes
• Syndrome of shrinking,
slowing and weakness,
with low activity and low
Frailty:Geriatricians’Perspective
5. • Frailty is a common geriatric syndrome.
Estimated frailty prevalence is 7–16%.
• The occurrence of frailty increases incrementally
with advancing age, and is more common in
older women than men, and among those of
lower socio-economic status.
• Chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular
disease, diabetes, chronic kidney disease,
depression, and cognitive impairment.
• Physiologic impairments: Activation of
inflammation and coagulation systems,
anemia,
atherosclerosis, autonomic dysfunction,
hormonal abnormalities, hypovitaminosis etc.
Why??…Understanding ofFrailty
6. • The cardiac output decreases, blood pressure
increases and arteriosclerosis develops.
• The lungs show impaired gas exchange, a
decrease in vital capacity and slower expiratory
flow rates.
• Atrophic gastritis and altered hepatic drug
metabolism are common in the elderly.
• Progressive elevation of blood glucose.
• Osteoporosis is frequently seen due to a linear
decline in bone mass after the fourth decade.
• Metabolism is altered – e.g. Reduced glucose
tolerance, Reduced resting metabolic rate (RMR),
and reduced kidney function.
Physiological changes inageing
7. • Impaired digestion due to: deterioration of
digestive enzyme production, decrease in
the production of stomach acid, slower
bowel movements caused by inadequate
liquid and dietary fibre intakes.
• Oral health problems: dry mouth or xerostomia
due to inadequate production of saliva can
affect more than 70% of the elderly population.
• Loss of sensory perception: reduced taste
perception (dysgeusia) and impaired ability to
smell (hyposmia)
• Deterioration or loss of sight may also
negatively affect food intake
Physiological changesCont….
8. • Cognitive impairment increases with age
• 5-10% of elderly have dementia
• Alzheimer’s disease is most prevalent
type of dementia
• Some cognitive functions decline with age,
while others are stable or improve
Intellectual Changes withAgeing
9. • Theories of aging can be divided into
two categories:
• those that answer the question “Why do we age?”
and
• those that address the question “How do we age?”
• Theories or Hypotheses? About “How do we
age?”
• BIOLOGIC THEORY OF AGEING
• ‘PROGRAMMED’ THEORY OF DEVELOPMENT
• EVOLUTIONARY THEORY OF AGING
• CROSS-LINKING/GLYCATION HYPOTHESIS
OF AGING GENOME MAINTENANCE
HYPOTHESIS OF AGING
• NEUROENDOCRINE HYPOTHESIS OF AGING
• OXIDATIVE DAMAGE/ FREE RADICAL
Theories ofAging
10. Curve 1: Modern non-programmed aging theories – The evolutionary value of
furtherlifeand reproduction is effectivelyzero beyond some species-specific age.
Curve 2: Modern programmed aging theories – There is an evolutionary cost
associatedwith survivingbeyond a species-specificage.
Curve3:Medawar’s concept – The evolutionaryvalueof survivaland
reproduction declines with age followinga species-specificage.
14. Preventing frailty or itsprogression,
adverseoutcomes
• Prevention of frailty:
• Preventing onset
• Improving frailty
• Preventing outcomes, minimizing associated risks – at
times of stressors
• Minimizing interactions: of frailty with other comorbidity
• Medications tolerance
• Treating the frail patient at times of stressors to
decrease risk
• Hospitalization
• Surgery
• Acute illness, bed rest
15. PH Goals forAgeing Population
• Compression of morbidity
• Active life expectancy
• Support healthy conditions
for people of all ages
• Ensure effective PH and
preventive approaches (all
levels) for older people
• Provide community and
home- based supports
• Effective care systems and
competent work force to
support healthy aging
16. Challenges in relation to:
• Improve quality of acute hospital care -
costly
• Be aware of “cascade” of acute hospital care
• Early detection and screening – resources,
skills, willingness, social norms etc.
• Comprehensive geriatric assessment – site,
skills
• Home-based vs palliative care alternatives
• Rehab and improve survival
Challenges and Solutions in Careof
FrailElderly
17. Assessment of elderly people
in hospital
• The holistic assessment of older people.
• The MDT members include doctors, nurses,
physiotherapist (PT), occupational therapist (OT),
dietician, clinical pharmacist, social worker (SW),
specialist nurses (e.g. tissue viability nurse and
Parkinson’s disease nurse specialist), hospital
discharge liaison team and care givers.
• Input from a clinical psychologist or old age
psychiatrist may be needed depending on
individual patients’ needs.
• All members engage with patients and care givers
to complete their assessments and intervention,
followed by multidisciplinary meeting (MDM) to
formulate ongoing care plan and follow-up.
18. Assessment and Management of
elderly people
• Multiple co-morbidities, physical limitations, increased
functional dependence and complex psychosocial
issues are common health problem of elderly people.
• The elderly people are more vulnerable and could
easily decompensate with minor stressors, resulting
in increased frailty.
• To improve outcomes for frail older people with multiple
co- morbidities, admission should be to an Emergency
Frailty Unit (EFU) having Acute Medical Unit (AMU) for
elderly.
• The physical illness or adverse effects of drugs are
more pronounced in atypical presentation among
elderly people and cognitive decline, delirium or
inability to manage routine activities of daily living
(ADLs) are common.
19. Medical Problems in Old Age (1)
Common medical
conditions seen in
older people
• Alzheimer’s disease
• Normal pressure hydrocephalus
• Temporal arteritis (giant cell arteritis)
• Diastolic heart failure
• Inclusion body myositis
• Atrophic urethritis and vaginitis
• Shingles (herpes zoster)
• Benign prostatic hyperplasia
• Aortic aneurysm
• Polymyalgia rheumatic arthritis.
20. Common medical
conditions in older
age group
• Degenerative osteoarthritis
• Overactive bladder with urinary
incontinence
• Diabetic hyperosmolar non-ketotic coma
• Falls and fragility hip fracture
• Osteoporosis
• Parkinsonism
• Accidental hypothermia
• Pressure ulcers
• Prostate cancer
• Stroke
• Glaucoma and cataract
Medical Problems in Old Age (2)
21. Two Key Drivers of Age-
Friendly Health Systems
Age-Friendly
Health
System:
4Ms
Assess:
Know about the 4Ms for
each elderly people in
your care
Act On:
Incorporate 4Ms in
the Plan of Action
22. Putting the 4Ms into Practice
Integrating the 4Ms into Care Using the PDSACycle
• Provide
care
• Study your
performance (M&E,
CBA, CEA etc)
• Understand
your current
state
• Describe care
consistent with
4Ms
• Design or adapt
your health
workforce
• Improve and sustain
care
Ac
t
Pla
n
D
o
Stud
y
23. • Ask the older adult What Matters most,
document it, and share What Matters across the
care team
• Align the care plan with ‘What Matters’ most
• Review for high-risk medication use and
document it
• Avoid high-risk medications, and document
and communicate changes
• Ensure sufficient oral hydration
• Orient to time, place, and situation
• Ensure older adults have their personal
adaptive equipment
• Support non-pharmacological sleep
4Ms in an Age-Friendly Health
System Hospital & Practice
24. • Screen for delirium at least every 12 hours
and document results
• Screen for dementia/cognitive impairment
and document the results
• Screen for depression and document the results
• Consider further evaluation and manage
manifestations of dementia, educate older adults
and caregivers, and/or refer out
• Identify and manage factors contributing to
depression and/or refer out
• Screen for mobility limitations and document
the results
• Ensure early, frequent, and safe mobility.
4Ms in an Age-Friendly Health
System Hospital & Practice
25. Challenges & Opportunities
for 4Ms
Lack of a framework for the technological
ecosystem
Wide variety of country socio-economic-
cultural contexts
Need to engage all!
Need political commitment and
champions
Put it within the existing health system –
no parallel