This document provides background information on a study analyzing feminism perspectives depicted in the movie Mad Max: Fury Road. It discusses movies as a modern form of literature and how they can convey beliefs and messages. The study aims to identify how the female character displays new women's roles and evidence of gender equality in the movie, analyzing it through a feminist literary criticism lens. It establishes the scope, goals and importance of understanding evolving depictions of women's roles and gender relations in society and media.
An Analysis Of Gender Stereotypes And Performativity In Brave Disney MovieLiz Adams
This document provides background information and context for analyzing gender stereotypes and performativity in the Pixar film Brave. It begins with an introduction to the topic and definitions of key terms like gender stereotypes and Judith Butler's theory of gender performativity. It then outlines the problem statements, scope, goals and functions of the study. The study aims to identify gender stereotypes in Brave and analyze the masculine performances of the main female character Merida through the lens of gender performativity theory. It concludes with an overview of the systematic presentation of the study across 5 chapters.
The article discusses the concept of the "female gaze" in film and compares it to the traditional "male gaze". It notes that the term "male gaze" was coined by film critic Laura Mulvey to refer to the perspective of sensually viewing and objectifying the female body. In contrast, the female gaze is proposed to be more emotional, intimate, empathetic rather than objectifying, and respectful. The article highlights a film festival featuring the works of female cinematographers to showcase alternative perspectives to the male gaze. It notes debate around defining and developing the concept of a "female gaze", with differing opinions among female filmmakers on its usefulness as a term and whether it simply reinforces a gender binary.
The article discusses the concept of the "female gaze" in film in response to Laura Mulvey's theory of the "male gaze". It introduces the Film Society at Lincoln Center's series on "The Female Gaze", which features 36 films shot by female cinematographers. These films range in style from raw to disorienting. The article explores different perspectives on what a "female gaze" might be, including that it sees people as people rather than objects, is emotional and intimate, and seeks to empathize rather than objectify. It notes that female cinematographers interviewed have varying opinions on the usefulness of the term and what it means given their technical skills and experiences that extend beyond gender.
Laura Mulvey's 1975 essay "Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema" argued that classic 1970s Hollywood cinema encouraged the "male gaze," or voyeuristic way of looking at women. She identified five features of the male gaze in cinema, including focusing the camera on female bodies and showing events through the male character's reaction rather than the female's perspective. The male gaze objectifies and sexualizes women for the pleasure of the male viewer. It positions women as weak objects in need of male protection rather than as fully realized characters.
This document discusses gender roles in films from different time periods. It provides examples of how gender roles were portrayed traditionally in films like You've Got Mail from 1998, compared to more modern portrayals in films and TV shows like Sex and the City that showed more independent women. It also discusses how magazines like Cosmopolitan aimed to "liberate" women sexually and how little mainstream media content explicitly targets LGBT audiences due to being produced through a heterosexual male gaze.
The traditional representation of women (questions)ellen brown
The document discusses the traditional representation of women in media texts such as films and magazines. It provides details on tropes like the "final girl" in horror films and the four common roles of women in media identified in 1983: domestic, sexual, consumer, and marital. Research from 1992 found that men outnumbered women on screen by a ratio of 2 to 1, with the sole exception being primetime TV ads. The document also discusses how some characters like Lara Croft are seen as a step back from earlier stronger female protagonists like Ripley in Alien due to increased sexual objectification. Magazines are also noted to often portray women based on their domestic roles, sexuality, and through the "three C's"
The document discusses representation of women in film and media. It notes that most films are directed by men and that female directors often only direct one film. Films directed by women are more likely to portray feminist themes accurately. The "male gaze" refers to depicting women from a heterosexual male perspective, often as sexual objects. While representation of women has improved, the male gaze is still prevalent. Forced or extreme "feminism" can also be counterproductive. The document advocates for a balanced representation of women's empowerment and experiences without shaming or stereotyping. It analyzes the TV show Reign for its portrayal of trauma and recovery through lighting, framing, and the characters finding strength in each other.
This document discusses themes of gender inequality and representation in the film industry. It notes that the majority of directors and executive positions are held by men, resulting in an imbalance in the types of stories told and topics covered. Female directors are more likely to portray feminist themes and accurate depictions of issues like abuse. The concept of the "male gaze" is introduced, where women are often depicted as sexual objects from a heterosexual male perspective. The document argues for the importance of the "female gaze" to reject this objectification and portray compelling female characters. It notes the need for a balance in representation that empowers women without engaging in "forced feminism" or internalized misogyny. The author plans to incorporate these
An Analysis Of Gender Stereotypes And Performativity In Brave Disney MovieLiz Adams
This document provides background information and context for analyzing gender stereotypes and performativity in the Pixar film Brave. It begins with an introduction to the topic and definitions of key terms like gender stereotypes and Judith Butler's theory of gender performativity. It then outlines the problem statements, scope, goals and functions of the study. The study aims to identify gender stereotypes in Brave and analyze the masculine performances of the main female character Merida through the lens of gender performativity theory. It concludes with an overview of the systematic presentation of the study across 5 chapters.
The article discusses the concept of the "female gaze" in film and compares it to the traditional "male gaze". It notes that the term "male gaze" was coined by film critic Laura Mulvey to refer to the perspective of sensually viewing and objectifying the female body. In contrast, the female gaze is proposed to be more emotional, intimate, empathetic rather than objectifying, and respectful. The article highlights a film festival featuring the works of female cinematographers to showcase alternative perspectives to the male gaze. It notes debate around defining and developing the concept of a "female gaze", with differing opinions among female filmmakers on its usefulness as a term and whether it simply reinforces a gender binary.
The article discusses the concept of the "female gaze" in film in response to Laura Mulvey's theory of the "male gaze". It introduces the Film Society at Lincoln Center's series on "The Female Gaze", which features 36 films shot by female cinematographers. These films range in style from raw to disorienting. The article explores different perspectives on what a "female gaze" might be, including that it sees people as people rather than objects, is emotional and intimate, and seeks to empathize rather than objectify. It notes that female cinematographers interviewed have varying opinions on the usefulness of the term and what it means given their technical skills and experiences that extend beyond gender.
Laura Mulvey's 1975 essay "Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema" argued that classic 1970s Hollywood cinema encouraged the "male gaze," or voyeuristic way of looking at women. She identified five features of the male gaze in cinema, including focusing the camera on female bodies and showing events through the male character's reaction rather than the female's perspective. The male gaze objectifies and sexualizes women for the pleasure of the male viewer. It positions women as weak objects in need of male protection rather than as fully realized characters.
This document discusses gender roles in films from different time periods. It provides examples of how gender roles were portrayed traditionally in films like You've Got Mail from 1998, compared to more modern portrayals in films and TV shows like Sex and the City that showed more independent women. It also discusses how magazines like Cosmopolitan aimed to "liberate" women sexually and how little mainstream media content explicitly targets LGBT audiences due to being produced through a heterosexual male gaze.
The traditional representation of women (questions)ellen brown
The document discusses the traditional representation of women in media texts such as films and magazines. It provides details on tropes like the "final girl" in horror films and the four common roles of women in media identified in 1983: domestic, sexual, consumer, and marital. Research from 1992 found that men outnumbered women on screen by a ratio of 2 to 1, with the sole exception being primetime TV ads. The document also discusses how some characters like Lara Croft are seen as a step back from earlier stronger female protagonists like Ripley in Alien due to increased sexual objectification. Magazines are also noted to often portray women based on their domestic roles, sexuality, and through the "three C's"
The document discusses representation of women in film and media. It notes that most films are directed by men and that female directors often only direct one film. Films directed by women are more likely to portray feminist themes accurately. The "male gaze" refers to depicting women from a heterosexual male perspective, often as sexual objects. While representation of women has improved, the male gaze is still prevalent. Forced or extreme "feminism" can also be counterproductive. The document advocates for a balanced representation of women's empowerment and experiences without shaming or stereotyping. It analyzes the TV show Reign for its portrayal of trauma and recovery through lighting, framing, and the characters finding strength in each other.
This document discusses themes of gender inequality and representation in the film industry. It notes that the majority of directors and executive positions are held by men, resulting in an imbalance in the types of stories told and topics covered. Female directors are more likely to portray feminist themes and accurate depictions of issues like abuse. The concept of the "male gaze" is introduced, where women are often depicted as sexual objects from a heterosexual male perspective. The document argues for the importance of the "female gaze" to reject this objectification and portray compelling female characters. It notes the need for a balance in representation that empowers women without engaging in "forced feminism" or internalized misogyny. The author plans to incorporate these
Feminist theory explores how gender inequality is portrayed in media such as film. Horror films of the 1970s-1980s often objectified and brutalized female characters in misogynistic ways. However, the "final girl" theory introduced the idea of a female hero character who survives confronting the villain. Still, women were often depicted as "nerdy virgins" who had to behave morally. The Bechdel test, which measures female representation in films, found that 43% of films fail to portray women in a meaningful way by having no more than one named female character or conversations not focused on men. While progress has been made, many films still revolve around male stories and perspectives.
This document provides an introduction and literature review for a study analyzing the portrayal of women in popular science fiction and fantasy television shows. The introduction discusses how women have gained more lead roles but are often still portrayed in a masculine way to be seen as strong heroes, or with feminine traits that are seen as weaknesses. The literature review summarizes previous research on strong female characters in sci-fi/fantasy and how they are often still objectified or defined by their relationship to male characters. It discusses the concept of patriarchy and the "male gaze" in media. The study aims to identify if subtle ways television is diminishing women's value through archetypes female leads fall into.
The document discusses how the male gaze was used in historical movie posters, particularly James Bond posters, to sexualize women and portray them as objects for male pleasure and rescue. It analyzes posters by Frank McCarthy for Thunderball and other Bond films that depicted half-naked women without agency. Other discussed posters, like for The Dirty Dozen and The Venetian Affair, similarly objectified and sexualized women. While less overt now, the male gaze still influences modern film marketing and contributes to stereotypical gender roles and assessment of films led by women. The lasting effects of its historical normalization continue to impact perceptions of women in society and the film industry.
ORIGINAL ARTICLEThe Empowering (Super) Heroine The Effect.docxgerardkortney
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
The Empowering (Super) Heroine? The Effects of Sexualized
Female Characters in Superhero Films on Women
Hillary Pennell & Elizabeth Behm-Morawitz
Published online: 11 March 2015
# Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015
Abstract The present study was conducted with female un-
dergraduates in the Midwestern region of U.S. to examine the
potential positive and negative influences of the gendered de-
pictions of women in superhero films. This study utilized so-
cial cognitive and objectification theory frameworks to exper-
imentally examine the short-term effects of exposure to sexu-
alized female characters in superhero films on 83 female
viewers’ gender role beliefs, body esteem, and self-objectifi-
cation. Results show that exposure to the sexualized-victim
images of women in superhero films decreased egalitarian
gender role beliefs. Exposure to the sexualized-heroine im-
ages resulted in lower body esteem. Additionally, a positive
effect emerged with a greater belief in the importance of body
competence to the self-concept for women who were exposed
to the superheroine characters. This study demonstrates short-
term effects from viewing sexualized images of women in
superhero films and provides a significant understanding of
how sexualized female representations may impact gender
related beliefs as well as perceptions of one’s self-esteem
and body objectification.
Keywords Superhero . Sexualization . Objectification .
Gender . Stereotyping
Introduction
This research explores the short-term effects of exposure to
gendered representations in superhero films on female audi-
ences. This study was conducted with female undergraduates
in the U.S. to examine the potential positive and negative
influences of the representations of women in superhero films.
According to the U.S. Movie Market Summary, in 2012, 1.3
billion tickets were purchased, and the U.S. film industry
earned an impressive $10.8 billion. The popularity of film
has held steady over the years, but certain genres of film have
become more recognizable than ever. Action films, more spe-
cifically comic book/superhero films, have become increas-
ingly popular in the since the beginning of the new millenni-
um (McCallister et al. 2006).
Although U.S. comic book-based films have greatly con-
tributed to the U.S. film industry since the 1930s
(McCallisteret al. 2006), with new technology, today’s comic
book films have become Bblockbusters^ and sure successes
for movie studios. These blockbuster comic book films are
characterized by big action sequences coupled with computer
generated image (CGI) special effects technology; they are
fast-paced, entertaining, and have become cultural phenome-
na. Comic book movies, specifically those films done by the
comic power-house of Marvel Entertainment, the largest U.S.
comic publisher, with approximately 37 % of the comic book
market (McCallisteret al. 2006), have taken over the box of-
fice with movies like Spider-Man.
The document discusses the concept of the "male gaze" proposed by feminist theorist Laura Mulvey. The male gaze refers to how media and films typically portray women from the perspective of heterosexual men for the purpose of male pleasure. Women are often objectified and depicted in ways that emphasize their physical attractiveness rather than their humanity. An example is given of Megan Fox's character in the film Transformers, who is portrayed primarily as a sexual object through camera angles focused on her body. The document argues that mainstream media frequently utilizes the male gaze, reflecting an imbalance of power that prioritizes the male perspective and can negatively impact how women see themselves.
1) Mulvey analyzes how cinema provides visual pleasure through scopophilia, or the pleasure of looking, which stems from psychological processes like Jacques Lacan's concept of the "Mirror Phase" of development.
2) Cinema reinforces traditional gender stereotypes by giving men narrative agency and positioning women as objects to be looked at, reinforcing the "male gaze."
3) The "male gaze" refers to how women are looked at in film for both the pleasure of male characters and the audience, asserting power and control through sight as stereotypically masculine traits.
The portrait of women resistance towards patriarchy system in the movie of di...Suhadi Rembang
The documentary film "Dilema Ijab Kabul" portrays early and short-term marriages in a rural community where parents have complete control over their children's marriages. Marriages can last only a day or week before ending in divorce. Economic transactions between families are part of the marriage process. The film examines the social pressures and traditions that lead to this system and how early marriage impacts young women. It invites viewers to consider the meaning of marriage in this context and how the system exploits women.
The document discusses several theories about the potential effects films can have on audiences and applies them to the film Star Wars: The Force Awakens. It analyzes how the hypodermic needle theory and two-step flow theory may influence audiences to accept the modern representations in the film. It also examines how the uses and gratifications theory shows that audiences watch for different reasons, such as diversion or connection to characters. Both positive and negative effects on audiences are considered. Legal and ethical issues regarding content are discussed, along with debates around representations of gender, race, age, and sexuality in media. Regulatory bodies like the BBBC that set content rules are analyzed in terms of their effect on the filmmaking process.
The document discusses several theories about how films can affect audiences, including the hypodermic needle theory, two-step flow theory, and uses and gratifications theory. It analyzes how these theories relate to the film Star Wars: The Force Awakens and its potential effects on audiences. Specifically, it suggests the film appeals to audiences' needs for entertainment and diversion, and allows them to connect with characters. However, it may negatively impact some in the audience who dislike changes to the storyline or lack context from not seeing previous films. The document also examines representations of race, gender, age in the film and debates around how mainstream or challenging these depictions are. Finally, it discusses legal considerations like discrimination and copyright as well as
This document discusses how masculinity and men are represented in action genre films. It argues that action heroes are typically portrayed as hyper-masculine, physically fit, and able to command women, contrasting with research suggesting men also experience vulnerability. It analyzes how such portrayals reinforce dominant societal ideologies around gender, sexuality, race and nationalism.
A summary, with some overview questions, of Laure Mulvey's article 'Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema' and it's uses in thinking about gender representations.
How To Write A Good Literature Review In PsychSarah Robinson
The document provides instructions for creating an account and submitting assignment requests to the writing service HelpWriting.net. It explains that users complete an order form with instructions and sources, and writers bid on the request. Users can then choose a writer, make a deposit, and receive the completed paper, with options for revisions. The service promises original, high-quality work or a full refund.
The document discusses several ways that Star Wars: The Force Awakens represents and affects audiences. It addresses representations of gender, race, age and sexuality in the film. It also analyzes several communication theories that may influence audiences, such as uses and gratifications theory and the hypodermic needle theory. Finally, it discusses how legal considerations like the BBFC impact the film's production.
The document discusses possible effects of films on audiences and issues of representation in Disney's Star Wars: The Force Awakens. It analyzes several media effects theories and their potential application to the film, such as the hypodermic needle theory, two-step flow theory, and uses and gratifications theory. It also examines representations of race, gender, age, and sexuality in the film, and debates around these topics. Finally, it outlines some legal issues around discrimination and copyright as well as ethical issues concerning violence in the film.
Udell 1Dyllan Udell English 201 Marion Quirici May 6th, .docxwillcoxjanay
Udell 1
Dyllan Udell
English 201
Marion Quirici
May 6th, 2014
Gender and Masculinity Within Action Films
Throughout history the representation of disability in movies has been a common theme for many screen writers. Many of these movies include stories of people with disabilities and their journey to overcome any barriers that stand in their way. However, there’s more to these particular films than meets the eye. Each individual film targets a different underlying meaning that is related to people with disabilities. Some of these themes include norms such as gender roles of people with disability and the roles of masculinity and disability. Generally, the social expectation of gender norms is based on ability. There are different perceptions of a male’s ability to do something compared to females and these films reinforce and deconstruct this concept. These perceptions also lead to the outburst of many stereotypes. In my paper I will be analyzing four modern day action movies that many of you are familiar with.
I first want to apologize due to chance that I might spoil some of these movies for those of you that have not yet seen them. These representations are very crucial to the argument of my paper.
The first film that I’ve analyzed is Zack Snyder’s 300. This movie is based on the Battle of Thermopoly and how Leonidas’ 300 Spartans fought for their country against the ruthless Persian King, Xerxes. Gender roles and masculinity is displayed throughout a large portion of this movie. “Only the hard and strong can call themselves Spartans. Only the hard and strong.” What this quote is really saying is that only the physically and emotionally strong can call themselves Spartans. In this film, Snyder represents the ideal Spartan man as one who is more than physically fit and shows no weaknesses in his character. The contrast between able-bodied Spartans and Spartans with disabilities arises when Ephialtes is introduced. Ephialtes is a deformed hunchback who wants nothing more than to be a Spartan warrior and to carry out his family legacy. King Leonidas explains to Ephialetes that he could never be a Spartan warrior because of his deformities. While it makes logical sense not to send a disabled man to battle, Leonidas is basically telling Ephialtes that he will never be a real man, no matter how hard he tries. This example shows the social expectations of a given culture and the consequences when these expectations aren’t met.
The next movie I will turn my attention to is James Cameron’s Avatar. This film depicts the correlation between disability and masculinity on numerous occasions. Main character Jake Sully is introduced as both an ostracized and emasculated character. He is emasculated in a literal sense because of a physical injury making him a paraplegic. His masculinity is defied as he is given the privilege to cooperate in the Avatar program and through experimentation; his mind is then relocated into a body without any physica ...
The document discusses rational decision making and some challenges to rationality. It argues that to make truly rational decisions, one needs time and space to carefully consider options without external influences. However, social and personal factors often interfere with rational thought. Specifically, media propaganda, conformity to social pressures, preexisting schemas, and poor aggression management can lead people to make irrational decisions even when trying to be rational. The essay will examine how these factors impacted the author's responses to a survey by exploiting emotions like fear around a recent terrorist attack.
This document is an essay analyzing the portrayal of women in mass media such as films, television, music videos, and advertising. It discusses how women have traditionally been portrayed in narrow gender roles and stereotypes, such as being thin, fragile, and focused on beauty and relationships. However, it notes that some recent portrayals in films like Frozen and music videos like "All About That Bass" show a move toward more empowering and diverse portrayals. The essay also examines how exposure to stereotypical portrayals can influence societal expectations of women. Overall, it argues that while some progress has been made, further work is still needed to eliminate harmful stereotypes and achieve accurate, non-stereotypical representation of women across all
Appropriating the Male Gaze in The Hunger Games The Rhetoric of a Resistant ...Erica Thompson
The document summarizes an essay that analyzes how the film The Hunger Games appropriates the typical male gaze of Hollywood films to advance a resistant female perspective. It does this through Katniss Everdeen, the strong female protagonist, and by focusing on her power and agency rather than objectifying her. The essay argues this encourages audiences to question patriarchal power structures through seeing the story from a feminist point of view. It discusses how the film challenges traditional gender roles for action heroes and draws on feminist film theory about appropriating the male gaze.
Midterms 1 Perspective in Gender and Sexuality.pptxGavin Malala
This document discusses gender-fair language and violations of it, including sexist language, invisibilization of women, trivialization of women, fostering unequal gender relations, and gender polarization of words. It defines stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination. It also discusses media representation of women in areas like Western art, advertising, film, and stereotypes in the LGBTQ+ community. Reclaiming media through empowerment and alternative perspectives is suggested.
The document provides a 5-step process for requesting writing assistance from HelpWriting.net:
1. Create an account with a password and valid email.
2. Complete a 10-minute order form providing instructions, sources, deadline, and attaching a writing sample.
3. Review bids from writers and choose one based on qualifications, history, and feedback and place a deposit.
4. Review the completed paper and authorize final payment if pleased, with free revisions available.
5. Request multiple revisions to ensure satisfaction, with plagiarized work resulting in a full refund.
IELTS Academic Essay Writing Tips For A Better ScoreJeff Brooks
The document provides tips for getting a better score on the IELTS Academic Essay Writing exam. It outlines 5 steps: 1) Create an account; 2) Complete an order form providing instructions, sources, and deadline; 3) Review bids from writers and choose one; 4) Ensure the paper meets expectations and authorize payment; 5) Request revisions to ensure satisfaction and get a refund for plagiarized work. The document stresses choosing HelpWriting.net for high-quality, original content and customer satisfaction.
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Similar a An Analysis Of Feminism Perspectives Depicted In Mad Max Fury Road Movie
Feminist theory explores how gender inequality is portrayed in media such as film. Horror films of the 1970s-1980s often objectified and brutalized female characters in misogynistic ways. However, the "final girl" theory introduced the idea of a female hero character who survives confronting the villain. Still, women were often depicted as "nerdy virgins" who had to behave morally. The Bechdel test, which measures female representation in films, found that 43% of films fail to portray women in a meaningful way by having no more than one named female character or conversations not focused on men. While progress has been made, many films still revolve around male stories and perspectives.
This document provides an introduction and literature review for a study analyzing the portrayal of women in popular science fiction and fantasy television shows. The introduction discusses how women have gained more lead roles but are often still portrayed in a masculine way to be seen as strong heroes, or with feminine traits that are seen as weaknesses. The literature review summarizes previous research on strong female characters in sci-fi/fantasy and how they are often still objectified or defined by their relationship to male characters. It discusses the concept of patriarchy and the "male gaze" in media. The study aims to identify if subtle ways television is diminishing women's value through archetypes female leads fall into.
The document discusses how the male gaze was used in historical movie posters, particularly James Bond posters, to sexualize women and portray them as objects for male pleasure and rescue. It analyzes posters by Frank McCarthy for Thunderball and other Bond films that depicted half-naked women without agency. Other discussed posters, like for The Dirty Dozen and The Venetian Affair, similarly objectified and sexualized women. While less overt now, the male gaze still influences modern film marketing and contributes to stereotypical gender roles and assessment of films led by women. The lasting effects of its historical normalization continue to impact perceptions of women in society and the film industry.
ORIGINAL ARTICLEThe Empowering (Super) Heroine The Effect.docxgerardkortney
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
The Empowering (Super) Heroine? The Effects of Sexualized
Female Characters in Superhero Films on Women
Hillary Pennell & Elizabeth Behm-Morawitz
Published online: 11 March 2015
# Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015
Abstract The present study was conducted with female un-
dergraduates in the Midwestern region of U.S. to examine the
potential positive and negative influences of the gendered de-
pictions of women in superhero films. This study utilized so-
cial cognitive and objectification theory frameworks to exper-
imentally examine the short-term effects of exposure to sexu-
alized female characters in superhero films on 83 female
viewers’ gender role beliefs, body esteem, and self-objectifi-
cation. Results show that exposure to the sexualized-victim
images of women in superhero films decreased egalitarian
gender role beliefs. Exposure to the sexualized-heroine im-
ages resulted in lower body esteem. Additionally, a positive
effect emerged with a greater belief in the importance of body
competence to the self-concept for women who were exposed
to the superheroine characters. This study demonstrates short-
term effects from viewing sexualized images of women in
superhero films and provides a significant understanding of
how sexualized female representations may impact gender
related beliefs as well as perceptions of one’s self-esteem
and body objectification.
Keywords Superhero . Sexualization . Objectification .
Gender . Stereotyping
Introduction
This research explores the short-term effects of exposure to
gendered representations in superhero films on female audi-
ences. This study was conducted with female undergraduates
in the U.S. to examine the potential positive and negative
influences of the representations of women in superhero films.
According to the U.S. Movie Market Summary, in 2012, 1.3
billion tickets were purchased, and the U.S. film industry
earned an impressive $10.8 billion. The popularity of film
has held steady over the years, but certain genres of film have
become more recognizable than ever. Action films, more spe-
cifically comic book/superhero films, have become increas-
ingly popular in the since the beginning of the new millenni-
um (McCallister et al. 2006).
Although U.S. comic book-based films have greatly con-
tributed to the U.S. film industry since the 1930s
(McCallisteret al. 2006), with new technology, today’s comic
book films have become Bblockbusters^ and sure successes
for movie studios. These blockbuster comic book films are
characterized by big action sequences coupled with computer
generated image (CGI) special effects technology; they are
fast-paced, entertaining, and have become cultural phenome-
na. Comic book movies, specifically those films done by the
comic power-house of Marvel Entertainment, the largest U.S.
comic publisher, with approximately 37 % of the comic book
market (McCallisteret al. 2006), have taken over the box of-
fice with movies like Spider-Man.
The document discusses the concept of the "male gaze" proposed by feminist theorist Laura Mulvey. The male gaze refers to how media and films typically portray women from the perspective of heterosexual men for the purpose of male pleasure. Women are often objectified and depicted in ways that emphasize their physical attractiveness rather than their humanity. An example is given of Megan Fox's character in the film Transformers, who is portrayed primarily as a sexual object through camera angles focused on her body. The document argues that mainstream media frequently utilizes the male gaze, reflecting an imbalance of power that prioritizes the male perspective and can negatively impact how women see themselves.
1) Mulvey analyzes how cinema provides visual pleasure through scopophilia, or the pleasure of looking, which stems from psychological processes like Jacques Lacan's concept of the "Mirror Phase" of development.
2) Cinema reinforces traditional gender stereotypes by giving men narrative agency and positioning women as objects to be looked at, reinforcing the "male gaze."
3) The "male gaze" refers to how women are looked at in film for both the pleasure of male characters and the audience, asserting power and control through sight as stereotypically masculine traits.
The portrait of women resistance towards patriarchy system in the movie of di...Suhadi Rembang
The documentary film "Dilema Ijab Kabul" portrays early and short-term marriages in a rural community where parents have complete control over their children's marriages. Marriages can last only a day or week before ending in divorce. Economic transactions between families are part of the marriage process. The film examines the social pressures and traditions that lead to this system and how early marriage impacts young women. It invites viewers to consider the meaning of marriage in this context and how the system exploits women.
The document discusses several theories about the potential effects films can have on audiences and applies them to the film Star Wars: The Force Awakens. It analyzes how the hypodermic needle theory and two-step flow theory may influence audiences to accept the modern representations in the film. It also examines how the uses and gratifications theory shows that audiences watch for different reasons, such as diversion or connection to characters. Both positive and negative effects on audiences are considered. Legal and ethical issues regarding content are discussed, along with debates around representations of gender, race, age, and sexuality in media. Regulatory bodies like the BBBC that set content rules are analyzed in terms of their effect on the filmmaking process.
The document discusses several theories about how films can affect audiences, including the hypodermic needle theory, two-step flow theory, and uses and gratifications theory. It analyzes how these theories relate to the film Star Wars: The Force Awakens and its potential effects on audiences. Specifically, it suggests the film appeals to audiences' needs for entertainment and diversion, and allows them to connect with characters. However, it may negatively impact some in the audience who dislike changes to the storyline or lack context from not seeing previous films. The document also examines representations of race, gender, age in the film and debates around how mainstream or challenging these depictions are. Finally, it discusses legal considerations like discrimination and copyright as well as
This document discusses how masculinity and men are represented in action genre films. It argues that action heroes are typically portrayed as hyper-masculine, physically fit, and able to command women, contrasting with research suggesting men also experience vulnerability. It analyzes how such portrayals reinforce dominant societal ideologies around gender, sexuality, race and nationalism.
A summary, with some overview questions, of Laure Mulvey's article 'Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema' and it's uses in thinking about gender representations.
How To Write A Good Literature Review In PsychSarah Robinson
The document provides instructions for creating an account and submitting assignment requests to the writing service HelpWriting.net. It explains that users complete an order form with instructions and sources, and writers bid on the request. Users can then choose a writer, make a deposit, and receive the completed paper, with options for revisions. The service promises original, high-quality work or a full refund.
The document discusses several ways that Star Wars: The Force Awakens represents and affects audiences. It addresses representations of gender, race, age and sexuality in the film. It also analyzes several communication theories that may influence audiences, such as uses and gratifications theory and the hypodermic needle theory. Finally, it discusses how legal considerations like the BBFC impact the film's production.
The document discusses possible effects of films on audiences and issues of representation in Disney's Star Wars: The Force Awakens. It analyzes several media effects theories and their potential application to the film, such as the hypodermic needle theory, two-step flow theory, and uses and gratifications theory. It also examines representations of race, gender, age, and sexuality in the film, and debates around these topics. Finally, it outlines some legal issues around discrimination and copyright as well as ethical issues concerning violence in the film.
Udell 1Dyllan Udell English 201 Marion Quirici May 6th, .docxwillcoxjanay
Udell 1
Dyllan Udell
English 201
Marion Quirici
May 6th, 2014
Gender and Masculinity Within Action Films
Throughout history the representation of disability in movies has been a common theme for many screen writers. Many of these movies include stories of people with disabilities and their journey to overcome any barriers that stand in their way. However, there’s more to these particular films than meets the eye. Each individual film targets a different underlying meaning that is related to people with disabilities. Some of these themes include norms such as gender roles of people with disability and the roles of masculinity and disability. Generally, the social expectation of gender norms is based on ability. There are different perceptions of a male’s ability to do something compared to females and these films reinforce and deconstruct this concept. These perceptions also lead to the outburst of many stereotypes. In my paper I will be analyzing four modern day action movies that many of you are familiar with.
I first want to apologize due to chance that I might spoil some of these movies for those of you that have not yet seen them. These representations are very crucial to the argument of my paper.
The first film that I’ve analyzed is Zack Snyder’s 300. This movie is based on the Battle of Thermopoly and how Leonidas’ 300 Spartans fought for their country against the ruthless Persian King, Xerxes. Gender roles and masculinity is displayed throughout a large portion of this movie. “Only the hard and strong can call themselves Spartans. Only the hard and strong.” What this quote is really saying is that only the physically and emotionally strong can call themselves Spartans. In this film, Snyder represents the ideal Spartan man as one who is more than physically fit and shows no weaknesses in his character. The contrast between able-bodied Spartans and Spartans with disabilities arises when Ephialtes is introduced. Ephialtes is a deformed hunchback who wants nothing more than to be a Spartan warrior and to carry out his family legacy. King Leonidas explains to Ephialetes that he could never be a Spartan warrior because of his deformities. While it makes logical sense not to send a disabled man to battle, Leonidas is basically telling Ephialtes that he will never be a real man, no matter how hard he tries. This example shows the social expectations of a given culture and the consequences when these expectations aren’t met.
The next movie I will turn my attention to is James Cameron’s Avatar. This film depicts the correlation between disability and masculinity on numerous occasions. Main character Jake Sully is introduced as both an ostracized and emasculated character. He is emasculated in a literal sense because of a physical injury making him a paraplegic. His masculinity is defied as he is given the privilege to cooperate in the Avatar program and through experimentation; his mind is then relocated into a body without any physica ...
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LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
An Analysis Of Feminism Perspectives Depicted In Mad Max Fury Road Movie
1. 17
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
Movie is considered as modern form of literature. Apart of the ability to
formerly convey what was depicted inside the novel, prose, play, or poem (movie
adaptation), movies nowadays can stand alone as purely new form of literature.
The making progress of movie involves such ability, which also includes writing,
interpreting, reading, and acting. The only written form of a movie is the script.
This is why movie nowadays is considered as a new form of literary work which
can stand alone.
Moreover, movies are not only using interpreted written text as the way to
visualize what is inside the story, but also be supported by sound effect, which
tremendously make movies a priority choice in spending leisure time by so many
people or moviegoers. It is much quicker and easier. Apparently people who pick
movies than books do not want their time to be spent by reading a thick book.
This is also why some movie makers out there consider producing their own
movies which are not adapted from books or novels. The audience then would get
a new sensation because of it.
Just as much the written forms of literature can influence people or anyone
who read one, movies bluntly do the same even much easier. They are supported
by the acting performed by the actor and actress, making the visualization of what
is stated on script much easier to indulge. They can reach a lot of people by age,
2. 10
race, gender and class. Here is then another reason why movie is considered as
visual literacy as opposed to verbal one. They are on the same position as plays
played on stage, or mostly Broadway.
Besides the connection between movie and literature, expressing thoughts,
ideas, and beliefs can be delivered easily through movies. Sometimes the script
writer and the one who directs a movie implicitly hide certain thoughts so that the
audiences can secretly get it all without directly showing it all. These hidden
things become such gems to them who are sensitive enough in certain issues
wrapped in those gems. Then they have rights to criticize the movie based on
those sensitive issues or even support it.
Movies used to deliver certain thoughts or embrace a new perspective are
worth analyzing. There so many of it out there. These sensitive issues trigger the
conflict in the plot, characters, as well as setting. They become dominant in the
movie. That is when actually those issues are purposely planted, so that the
audience can embrace and get the hidden meaning of it. Take an example of
feminist movies. There is a lot of reason why Legally Blonde movie is called as
feminist movie. Apart of the big number of women playing in the movie, there are
also feminist thoughts and empowered messages hiding there. There is also a
reason why its title goes with Legally Blonde which definitely questions the
stereotype of blonde girls prevail at that time.
Feminist issues can be found in a lot of modern movies these days, playing
important role in destining the fate of gender equality. It is known that women
nowadays still struggle in living their life under patriarchy system. They are
3. 11
everywhere and holding such control including in preventing women to do this
and that in a more professional way. The struggles are still in there although many
years had been spent by feminists to fight for gender equality. This gender
equality, which by definition means the successfulness of women and men getting
equally the same rights in all fields, should be taken seriously. Because there are
some movies, and other literature works who deliver opposite thoughts until they
are classified as anti-feminist. These are the works which deliver the thoughts of
one gender abusively mistreat the other in job fields, occupations, and so on.
Movie producers and makers should be careful because their job can make the
women around the world looking more fragile and weaker, instead of empowering
them.
There are also movies showing the audiences otherwise. They bluntly
display how women are playing important roles and becoming dominant in the
story. They make such changes. They are not defined by harmful stereotyping.
They are given the chance to make decision. They break through boundaries
which society once made it unable to cross. That is why some movies portraying
such things are put into this „feminist‟ box. There are a lot of examples of feminist
movies, like the one mentioned earlier, Legally Blonde, and the recently made
remarkable memory is Mad Max: Fury Road. The latter movie portrays a lot of
empowered messages of women struggling to escape from slavery and sexual-
abuse designed by men.
The study which is entitled, An Analysis of Feminism Perspectives
Depicted in Mad Max: Fury Road Movie is worth analyzing. This feminist movie
4. 12
delivers a lot of strong messages and perspectives of how women can actually
replace men‟s roles in the battlefield and better the situation where actually they
also become the objects of sexual abuse happened in the movie. When it comes to
defend their loved ones, gender is not something to think about. Most of them just
do it for the sake of their safety because practically women and men are both
human beings wrapped by feelings and strong wills too. This then leads to the
questions of women roles in everyday life and how some of their roles are only
shutting them to develop even more as equal as men. Other feminism perspectives
depicted in the movie is how the female character proves the world that the good
ending of this movie is because some of women roles and gender equality.
Women roles come from gender roles, which are based on standards, or
norms created by society. In the United States itself, masculine roles refer to
strength, dominance, aggression, while feminine roles refer to nurturing,
submissive, subordination and submissive. As for today‟s world, it sounds way
too old to say that women should be weak, fragile, and passive. What about those
single mothers who are there to help their own households single-handedly?
When women rule, things could get better to as men did it. It is quite rare
as looking back to so many years ago women‟s rule became something pretty
uncommon to see. The femininity, or women roles which is a set of behaviors,
attributes, and roles constructed by society and defined biologically also become
the focal point in the selected movie.
According to Butler (1990:7):
Is there a gender which persons are said to have, or is it an essential attribute
that a person is said to be, as implied in the question “what gender are you?”
When feminist theorists claim that gender is the cultural interpretation of sex or
5. 13
that gender is culturally constructed, what is the manner of mechanism of this
construction?
Based on the quote above, if only gender is seen as a fluid, changeable
thing, instead of solid, then a person can freely change their traits when it is
needed. Sure there are reasons why women can act bravely and compassionate at
the same time. The same thing also prevails to men. They can cry anytime they
want, when they feel they would feel relieved after doing it. Because of this
categorizing of feminine and masculine traits, people tend to hide their true self.
They are actually afraid of society to alienate them for breaking down the traits
that they possess as soon as their sexes are identified. As for the last lines of the
quote above, Butler definitely asks the mechanism of „that‟ construction which
builds the gender as the interpretation of sex.
Mad Max: Fury Road movie questions this fluid thing which is previously
mentioned as the female character, Imperator Furiosa, played by Charlize Theron
performs a new set of women roles, which are, of course against the old and
traditional roles, along with some evidences of the existence of gender equality
approved by the male character. These feminism perspectives then become the
reasons why this study is conducted.
1.2 Statements of the Problem
In this study, the problems are formulated into two questions, as follows:
1. What are the changing of women roles performed by the female
character which represent the idea of feminism?
2. What are the evidences of gender equality depicted in the movie?
6. 14
1.3 Scope and Limitation of the Problems
This study covers the analysis of Mad Max: Fury Road movie through
revealing the evidences related to feminism perspectives as depicted in it until it is
considered as feminist movie. To make sure the study is more focused, the topics
are limited only in the analysis of characters, women roles, and gender equality
evidences depicted in the movie.
1.4 Goals of the Study
The aim of this study is to reveal how some feminism perspectives
depicted in the movie leads to a conclusion that Mad Max: Fury Road movie is
actually a feminist movie. Thus, there are some other goals expected to be
fulfilled, and they are as follow:
1. To identify the changing of women roles performed by the female
character depicted in the movie.
2. To reveal the evidences of gender equality depicted in the movie.
1.5 Functions of the Study
This study also needs to provide general information about women roles
related to feminism perspectives and gender equality. Moreover, there are also
several results which also share the following functions to its readers:
7. 15
1. This study helps widening the writer‟s knowledge about the changing
of women roles in society and gender equality based on feminism
perspectives.
2. The readers will understand that some of the changing of women roles
is happening and consciously planted within each woman in the world.
These brand new set of women roles are against the patriarchal system.
These women roles and gender equality depicted in the movie lead to a
conclusion that this movie is a feminist movie.
3. This study can be one of related studies which discusses about these
brand new women roles and gender equality that could be agreed even
by men as depicted in Mad Max: Fury Road movie.
Last, this study is also expected to be a reference or source of information
for the next student of English department who plans to use similar theme.
1.6 Systematical Presentation
To make it easy to understand and to enable on organizing the thesis, the
writer divides this thesis in to five chapters as follows:
Chapter 1 is introduction that consists of background of the study, scope
and limitation of the study, statements of the problems, goals of the study,
functions of the study and systematical presentation.
Chapter 2 is related studies and review of literatures. In this chapter the
writer put some related studies from other writers, students‟ college, theories,
8. 16
definitions and statements from experts. The writer also gives short explanation
about the correlation between theories and the object of the study.
Chapter 3 is research methodology consisting of approach of the study,
data sources, technique of collecting data, and method of data analysis.
Chapter IV deals with research findings and analysis. In this chapter, the
writer describes about Feminism approach in selected movie.
Chapter V is conclusion and suggestion. In this chapter, the writer
concludes the result of the study and also gives some suggestions to the reader.
9. 17
CHAPTER II
RELATED STUDIES, REVIEW OF LITERATURE,
AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
2.1 Related Studies
There are several studies conducted which are related to this study, like
shown below here;
The first study was conducted by Lestari (2012), which is entitled “A
Feminist Literary Criticism Analysis of Main Character in Novel "Magic Hour"
By Kristin Hannah””. This study analyzed and described the characteristics of the
main character in the selected novel, Dr. Julia Cates using feminist perspective.
Using descriptive method, this study showed the world how this female character
had to struggle against oppression from then society and the capitalist. Her role as
a woman was degraded by her competence in this case is the way she performed
her job as a psychiatrist. As for the outcome of this study, Dr. Julia Cates proved
everyone who doubted her role, as a woman, which was believed as a weak
creature that she actually was able to prove them wrong by defending on Alice‟s
side, the helpless forest girl.
The second study was conducted by Umastuti (2015), which is entitled
“An Analysis of Gender Stereotypes and Performativity in Brave Movie”. This
study was conducted with the aims to figure out the feminist side of Brave Movie,
despite of the strong stereotyping towards the main female character, Merida in
10. 18
Medieval times. She must act the way a Princess should be, although it is against
her true identity; a free woman who postpones the decision to choose her own
„gender‟. The result of this study is Merida can prove her mother, who used to
discipline her about how to be a Princess that her masculinity traits in her body
can help the struggle faced by her family.
And the last one is a study conducted by Prasetyo (2013), which is entitled
“An Analysis of the Image of “Mulan” using Feminist Perspective”. This study
investigated the dialogues and pictures done by the main character in the movie
using qualitative method. This study shows that the feminism found in Mulan
movie is indeed the representation of today‟s perspective of women.
This study is quite similar with the mentioned related studies above,
especially in bringing up the feminism perspectives in a literary work, yet still
uses different object and theory.
2.2 Review of Literature
Movie as a modern kind of literature also comes from written type of
literary work, which is the script. Without movie script, the struggle to display the
plot, characterization and settings become more challenging. This is also why
movie considered as visual literary work, instead of verbal one like the other types
of literature.
Formerly, movie was made based on the play, drama, or novel. They are
bounded to each other. To capture what is written in the script by adding
visualization can suggest the efficiency of spreading some beliefs through movies.
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As for the elements of movie, they are similar with the ones found in
drama or play. There are also setting, theme, plot, characterization and some other
features. Like in any literary works, there are two approaches that can be used to
analyze how the beliefs are planted, and it is through intrinsic and extrinsic
approaches.
2.2.1 Intrinsic Approach
Each literary work should be dissected from the inside. It needs to be
started from the work itself to find many aspects which build the work.
According to Wellek and Warren (1948:139),
The natural and sensible starting point for works in literary scholarship is the
interpretation and analysis of the works of literature themselves. After all, only
the works themselves justify all our interest in the life of an author, in his social
environment and the whole process of literature.
By analyzing the aspects which built the literary work, the chance to
identify the foundation of a literary work, like plot, setting, theme, character, point
of view, and style are widely open. By analyzing these elements, it would be easy
to comprehend the work by figuring out how the story flows, where the story is
set, and how the characters act and think. This study only revealed how the main
female character is developed from the outside pressures.
2.2.1.1 Character
Character is one of the most important elements in literature; character
holds the main role in a story of literature such as novel, drama, tale, and poem. In
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movies, the characters are not only in the form of human, but also it can be
animals.
Characters as the person that presented in the literary work, their
appearance is interpreted by the reader as being endowed with desires, motivation,
and emotional qualities that are expressed in their appearance is interpreted by the
reader as being endowed with desires, motivation and emotional qualities that are
expressed in their saying and action in the story.
According to Holman (1985:74),
Most often used to refer to a person in a fictional story, character is also a term
applied to a literary form which flourished in England and France in the
seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. It is a brief descriptive sketch of a
personage who typifies some definite quality.
On the other word, character in the fiction work is the representative and
the description of personal qualities in the real life. Therefore, although the
character in the literary works is fictitious, they have the personal qualities as the
real person.
2.2.1.1.1 Major and Minor Characters
Major character is an important figure at the centre of story‟s action or
theme whereas minor is the character which support the major character and to
illuminate them.
Furthermore, major or central characters are vital to the development and
resolution of the conflict. In other words, the plot and resolution of conflict
revolves around these characters. As for minor characters, they serve to
complement the major characters and help move the plot events forward.
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2.2.2 Extrinsic Approach
Extrinsic approach is the other aspects which build the story from outside,
like the background of the author, the condition of social politic, economic and
culture. Using this approach, it was easy to see those outside factors which
developed the selected object for this study.
2.2.2.1 Feminist Literary Criticism
This criticism talks about the position of women who are sometimes found
in literature oppressed by patriarchy economically, politically, socially, and
psychologically. When the influence of women feels strong in a literary work,
there is possibility there are some feminism issues that can be dug out.
According to Tyson (1998: 83),
Broadly defined, feminist criticism examines the ways in which literature (and
other cultural production) reinforces or undermines the economic, political,
social, and psychological oppression of women.
Feminism is a vast movement which is specifically concerned with
challenging the unfair and unequal distribution of power and wealth in a
patriarchal society towards women. It is also described as an awareness of
women‟s oppression and exploitation in society, at work and within the family
and conscious action by men and women in changing the situation.
According to Abrams (1999:89),
It is widely held that while one's sex is determined by anatomy, the prevailing
concepts of gender—of the traits that are conceived to constitute what is
masculine and what is feminine in identity and behavior—are largely, if not
14. 22
entirely, cultural constructs that were generated by the pervasive patriarchal
biases of our civilization. As Simone de Beauvoir put it, "One is not born, but
rather becomes, a woman. ... It is civilization as a whole that produces this
creature, which is described as feminine." By this cultural process, the masculine
in our culture has come to be widely identified as active, dominating,
adventurous, rational, creative; the feminine, by systematic opposition to such
traits, has come to be identified as passive, ac- quiescent, timid, emotional, and
conventional.
Feminism perspectives focus on how these feminine and masculine traits
create a wide distinction or honors to male, specifically, that they tend to be built
to be more superior to women.
2.2.2.1.1 Women Roles
To achieve the so-called „ideal family‟, back in the 1950‟s, most of family
in United States have this term. During that time, this type of family consists of a
father, a mother, and their children as the backbone of American society. And to
function smoothly, women had to accept their role as homemakers.
According to Friedan (1963:391-392),
It is better for a woman to compete impersonally in society, as men do, than to
compete for dominance in her own home with her husband, compete with her
neighbors for empty status, and so smother her son that he cannot compete at all.
During this time also, one of women roles, which are to be a homemaker,
became widely spread. Then the other negative roles followed, like the need to be
dependent, submissive, passive, home-oriented, of course, sensitive, indecisive,
and emotional. While the masculine roles held the most important, to get
education as higher as possible and support the family financially, the women
roles surely block out the chances for them to develop and grow, and especially to
get good education as equal as men.
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Even worse, women are degraded as the sex machine, nowadays, which is
also the main issue related to feminism in the selected movie; Mad Max: Fury
Road. To be a homemaker, women also hold this role, to be nurturing, gentle and
sexually-attractive to their husband despite of the struggle that they have been
through.
According to Friedan (1963:335),
It is surely as true of women‟s whole human potential what earlier psychological
theorists have only deemed true of her sexual potential —that if she is barred
from realizing her true nature, she will be sick. The frustration not only of needs
like sex, but of individual abilities could result in neurosis. Her anxiety can be
soothed by therapy, or tranquilized by pills or evaded temporarily by busy-work.
But her unease, her desperation, is nonetheless a warning that her human
existence is in danger, even though she has found fulfillment, according to the
tenets of the feminine mystique, as a wife and mother.
The psychological even thought of women at that time (around 1950‟s) as
the sex machine, that they were regarded as whole human being from their sexual
potential. They did not regarded as the true human being as equal as men; their
ability to use their brains, their ability in other aspects, because naturally each
person is born with both masculine and feminine traits.
2.2.2.1.2 Gender Equality
Gender equality is the situation when the access to rights or opportunities
is unaffected by gender. In this case is, women have the same rights and
opportunities as equal as men in order to do anything they do, without respecting
a person is a woman or vice versa. This state or situation is achieved when women
and men enjoy the same rights and opportunities across all sectors of society,
including economic participation and decision-making, and when the different
16. 24
behaviors, aspirations and needs of women and men are equally valued and
favored.
The inequality condition of gender happens when one of gender, either
male or female is oppressed and abused. So this does not only concern always to
women. Men can also face the inequality in such roles. However, this study finds
a lot of evidences where the women face inequality and struggle to meet their
needs; that equality by saving some females who used to be abused by patriarchy
in the movie.
Furthermore, the equality in the Mad Max: Fury Road movie is seen from
the male‟s perspective. There is this Max, main male character who agrees to let
this female character do what she needs to do because he knows she can do that.
One of ways to reach the equality towards women is by reaching out the men
perspectives about it. Once one man believes the same thoughts as women, that
women have equal rights and opportunities then the gender equality would be
realized easily.
2.3 Theoretical Framework
In this study, Mad Max: Fury Road movie is analyzed using various
theories related to feminism and gender equality. The main theory is about gender
equality based on Hooks‟ phenomenal book, Feminism is For Everybody:
Passionate Politics. As stated in her book, Hooks (2000:12):
Males of all ages need settings where their resistance to sexism is affirmed and
valued. Without males as allies in struggle feminist movement will not progress.
As it is we have to do so much work to correct the assumption deeply embedded
in the cultural psyche that feminism is anti-male. Feminism is anti-sexism. A
male who has divested of male privilege, who has embraced feminist politics, is
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a worthy comrade in struggle, in no way a threat to feminism, whereas a female
who remains wedded to sexist thinking and behavior infiltrating feminist
movement is a dangerous threat.
Using her theory, it is much easier to find out the evidences which lead to
the conclusion; gender equality indeed exists in the selected movie; mad Max:
Fury Road.
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CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
There are four parts in this section, and they are; approach of the study,
data source, technique of data collection, and method of data analysis.
3.1 Approach of the Study
This study applies the descriptive method of qualitative approach. The
data and the result of this study are described into short essays along with the
evidences formed in either pictures or text scripts.
As Creswell (2003:18) states;
A qualitative approach one in which the inquirer often makes knowledge claims
based primarily on constructivist perspectives (i.e., the multiple meanings of
individual experiences, meanings, socially and historical constructed, with an
intent of developing a theory or pattern) or advocacy / participatory perspectives
(i.e., political, issue-oriented, collaborative, or change oriented) or both. It also
uses strategies of inquiry such narratives, phenomenologies, ethnographies,
grounded theory studies, or case studies. The researcher collects open-ended,
emerging data with the primary intent of developing themes from the data.
Qualitative method helps the researchers gather an in-depth understanding
of human behavior. It also leads to find out the reasons that govern such behavior.
Based on the explanation above, this approach is able to describe the facts
and the relationship between the source and the findings accurately.
3.2 Data Source
There are two data sources used in this research. The first data is taken
from the movie, Mad Max: Fury Road. The data is pictures and text scripts spoken
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and performed by the characters. Their behaviors are analyzed to seek out the
symptoms of related issues; feminism perspectives. The second data is taken from
books of chosen feminists or experts which support the related issues discussed in
this study.
3.3 Technique of Collecting Data
The visual observation is used to collect the data for this study. Since the
object is a movie, visual observation is important to do and is the only way to
analyze the related issues depicted in the movie.
To conduct this qualitative approach, several steps were done; first was
watching the movie repeatedly, second was finding out the characterization in the
main female character, and then analyzing the dialogues acted by her, as well as
performances performed in the movie. In the end, the findings related to the
keywords are picked up to be investigated and classified.
3.4 Method of Data Analysis
The collected data are classified to fill up the findings and are analyzed
using various experts‟ theories which was mentioned earlier; Betty Friedan with
women roles and Bell Hooks with gender equality. The data are presented in
dialogues and performances conducted by the main characters. The analyses then
followed. In the end, the conclusion is stated based on statements of problems and
the findings. They should be related to each other and answered to each one of
another.
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CHAPTER IV
FINDING AND ANALYSIS
This chapter has 2 subchapters, which each of it explains the problems
stated in the statements of the problems. Each subchapter also comes with
findings and analysis.
Mad Max: Fury Road is an apocalyptic story set in the furthest reaches of
our planet, in a stark desert landscape where humanity is broken, and almost
everyone is crazed fighting for the necessities of life. Within this world there are
two rebels on the run who just might be able to restore order. There's Max, a man
of action and a man of few words, who seeks peace of mind following the loss of
his wife and child in the aftermath of the chaos. And Furiosa, who is a woman of
action and a woman who believes her path to survival may be achieved if she can
make it across the desert back to her childhood homeland. She also brings along
the five other girls, the mistresses of Warlord who seeks for pedigree so he can
continue ruling the cruel world by storing up the water which is at the time is rare
(see Appendix for the complete plot).
4.1. The Changing of Women Roles Performed By the Female Character
Feminism perspectives are found easily in this movie. There are two points
which show up pretty often; the changing of women roles and gender equality
performed by the male character.
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Beforehand, gender roles, in the end, separate the distinction between men
and women in several roles. Men, as they come with their personal traits, they are
then led to embrace some new roles, which are similar with their personal traits.
They are believed to be stronger, intuitive, braver, creative, and active, so the
roles they must perceive are to be a responsible and dependable person. They are
related to the personal traits and roles perfectly.
As for women, they are believed to be more sensitive, passive, and
submissive, so the roles they must carry are only home-oriented activities. They
are the pillars of their homes, which also means they are perfectly fitted the
housewives occupation; subordinate of their husbands who play roles as
breadwinners.
In the selected movie, there is unique side of how the women roles are
portrayed. Through the findings depicted in the movie, the relevance of how the
woman roles are changed throughout the movie can be seen clearer.
4.1.1. Findings and Analysis
This subchapter is filled with findings alongside the analysis to ease the
reading activity and to get clearer view how the findings are supported by strong
analysis so it reaches the goal brought by this study.
The main female character, Imperator Furiosa is the only female in War
Boys‟ squad owned by the tyrant Immortan Joe. She is Joe‟s lieutenant and then
sent in her armored truck in order to collect more gasoline. When she drives off-
22. 33
route, Joe realizes that she has stolen his five wives. Immortan Joe then leads his
army in pursuit of Furiosa, with the aid of nearby Gas Town and the Bullet Farm.
Since the very beginning of the movie, there are a lot of evidences formed
in depicted scenes where the female character showing the changing of women
roles.
Evidence 1
Minute: 00:08:10
Description: Immortan Joe salutes his lieutenant, imperator Furiosa who is ready
with her war rig to get more gasoline and bullets.
Analysis:
Furiosa is the only female amidst bunch of males and she stands out. She
is in charge for lieutenant position. It is the position where male can only fill in.
But this movie shows strong women like Furiosa, who is far from feminine can
get this role while the other women in the movie are wed by the Immortan Joe. If
23. 34
the question is arose about why Joe picks her, it can be proved in the next scenes
where Furiosa is indeed a heroine and deserves to be in leadership position.
Evidence 2
Minute: 00:12:17
Description: One of her War Boys asks why Furiosa change her route. She detours
from Gas Town for more gasoline to the East.
Analysis:
The word „boss‟ appointed to Furiosa affirms how strong her power in her
new role; a Lieutnant for hundred underlings; War Boys. Her words are heard.
Her orders are compulsory. Her responsibilities are big. Each word she said is
dictation. This gets the audience to a thinking why a female character has so much
power, while in fact, if women get more chances and opportunities to really show
everything what they capable of doing, they can flip the table and reach the same
level as men. It is about either giving the opportunities or forbidding them to do
so. Furiosa has a new role, as a lieutenant; hence her powerful tasks. When a
24. 35
woman gets the same opportunity to get the lieutenant position as men, then the
verification has been proved either from skills or strengths. In other words,
women have beaten up men in fair match.
Evidence 3
Minute: 00:12:50
Description: Most of women, who are weak enough to fight like Furiosa have to
breed and get their milks abused for stocks, not their babies. It is the order of the
tyrant Immortan Joe who gives order to replace the lack of water with milk.
Analysis:
This is the evidence where the other female characters or extras in the
movie are degraded to the same level as animals. If they have once married, their
milks are pushed to fulfill the drinking material‟s replacement from water. This
confirms the roles forcefully pushed to own by women, that they are homemakers
and sex slaves at the same time. But the appearance of Furiosa gives another sign
that unmarried woman has right to change her fate.
25. 36
Evidence 4
Minute: 00:14:29
Description: Miss Giddy plays the role as the governess of the five-precious-
wives of Immortan Joe; The Splendid Angharad, Toast The Knowing, Capable,
The Dag, and Cheedo the Fragile, whom one of them is having his baby. He traps
them in a cell, or secured-place and treat them as his property.
Analysis:
This scene depicts the situation where the five wives of Immortan Joe have
successfully escaped by the help of Furiosa. They show their protest through
mural saying, „we are not things‟. This shows they had become „things‟ of
Immortan Joe. Furiosa is then becoming a traitor. It is because she thinks
Immortan Joe has killed the world and brutally treated women as slaves and his
properties. These five wives play roles as sex slaves and properties, which in other
words is degrading human beings to the lowest level ever. But with the help of
Furiosa, they beg for freedom and the changing roles then they get; as freewomen.
26. 37
Evidence 5
Minute: 00:20:49
Description: Furiosa shots the gun to confirm her underlings that she is indeed a
reliable lieutenant.
Analysis:
Women are forced to be subordinate and passive. This evidence depicts
the changing role of women; superior and active. She knows how to deal with
guns, which usually only men know that kind of things. She plays the role of a
decisive person who needs to do something beyond her personal traits, because
women also have courage in their blood, not only in men‟s.
Evidence 6
Minute: 00:29:57
Description: Furiosa smashes her rig war to the Nux‟ car, one of the War Boys
which is after her.
27. 38
Analysis:
This depicts how cruel a woman can be when she fights for the justice.
Apart of Furiosa‟s personal traits, which are believed to be gentle and nurturing,
her role in the movie is an agitated and uncaring woman towards bad treatments
done by men.
Evidence 7
Minute: 00:33:35
Description: The Splendid Angharad clearly says to Max Rockatansky, a survivor
and blood bag for Nux, one of Joe‟s War Boys, to not going back to Immortan Joe
while the others are cleaning themselves and taking off the clothes which declare
Joe‟s possessions. Max has made it to reach Furiosa with intention to take off the
blood veins which connect his to Nux‟, and to take over Furiosa‟s war rig.
28. 39
Analysis:
It depicts the brand new role that is possessed by The Spelndid Angharad,
that she is no longer Immortan Joe‟s property, that she is now a freewoman. She
believes she can do whatever she wants because it is wrong to treat human beings
as „things‟ and make them sex slaves.
Evidence 8
Minute: 00:35:44
Description: Furiosa attacks Max in order to defend the girls.
29. 40
Analysis:
Despite of her disability, she confirms that she still can do many things,
like attacking a man and becoming furious towards them. This evidence depicts
the fact that there is changing role in the movie; female character plays role as a
hero to her peers. Around this minute also the other girls help Furiosa to attack
Max and win the gun-battle. They have courage once they get their freedom.
4.2. The Evidences of Gender Equality Depicted in the Movie
Gender equality does not only on women‟s sides. It applies to any gender;
male and female from various age, race and nations. This movie indeed shares a
lot of evidences as depicted in the middle of the length of time of the movie about
gender equality. However, as depicted in the movie, the women characters are
treated as objects, properties. So it is right to say that there is gender inequality
from women‟s sides done by the big number of male characters in the movie, such
as Immortan Joe, rictus, and the War Boys. But it is only a little part of the movie.
The rest of the movie clearly shows how gender equality, indeed exist in the
movie. The equality where men and women are not banned to get what they
deserve to have, that they stand on the same foot.
4.2.1. Findings and Analysis
This subchapter is filled with findings alongside the analysis to ease the
reading activity and to get clearer perspective how the findings are supported by
strong analysis so it reaches the goal brought by this study.
30. 41
Max is the only protagonist male character in the movie. He is treated as
the blood bag to one of War Boys squad, Nux. When he encounters the girls
(Furiosa and the five wives of Warlord Joe), he only seeks for protection from the
cruel Immortan or Warlord Joe. He is by heart sees how kind the intention of
Furiosa; it is to save the five wives from breeding the heir of Warlord Joe. They
demand for a change, peace in their land. So they fight together to reach the
Greend Place, the place where Furiosa was born. She believes there are no bad
things at there, especially there is life and green at there so they can start a new
life.
When Max first makes an appearance, he has been whittled down to basic
survival instincts. He is also in a practically animalistic state, while Furiosa, then,
is the one in charge of the vehicle while Max rides shotgun. Max remains mostly
unknown. There is no background story of him. The camera stays on Furiosa and
the five wives the whole time, and there is only assumption what Max did out
there in order to win. That is the first sign of gender equality based on
cinematography of the movie.
The findings are displayed through a representative picture, which means a
single picture which covers the whole point from the beginning of the movie until
the very end of it. As for the other evidences depicted in the movie, they are
displayed in Appendix.
As for the analysis, for the gender quality evidences found or depicted in
the movie also speaks for the whole point of the movie. The analysis for each
31. 42
picture covers the main point of it. It has already covered the whole point of the
movie, thus makes this movie as a feminist one.
Evidence 1
Minute: 00:08:12
Analysis: Furiosa is a very important member of the society that she operates in.
As the driver of a big rig war machine, she has her own band of men *a big
number of War Boys, or in this case is underlings) and is in charge of bringing
gasoline back to the citadel. She is honored by name in front of the whole citadel
by the leader, Immortan Joe. It is the first evidence of the existence of gender
equality towards women, agreed by the male characters.
Evidence 2
Minute: (From the beginning to the very end of movie)
Analysis: Furiosa is respected outright by everyone she meets, and her gender is
not once brought up or remarked upon, despite being a society predominantly
32. 43
composed of men. For the entirety of the film there is not a single joke about her
gender, nor are there any rape jokes or sexual innuendos (towards her or another
of the other women), although the Immortan Joe harshly abused his five wives
and consider them as properties or objects. Oppositely, the movie mostly shows
the courage of women in struggling to get the exact freedom. It shows the viewers
how they can attack the bad characters and protect each other. It is the second
evidence of the availability of gender equality towards women in this movie.
Women have rights to do whatever they want in order to survive, and yet men also
get the same portions of rights. It is perfectly displayed in this movie.
Evidence 3
Minute: 00:35:45
Analysis: Furiosa is physically disabled as depicted in the picture below here.
Even like that, her physical does not become focal point, or be referenced as her
weakness. The movie does not mention the background story of it, at all. It just
shows up in the movie, and that is it. It is gone in minutes.
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Evidence 4
Minute: 00:11:06
Analysis: Max shows up in the beginning of the movie, but is desperately chased
after by the War Boys. He is then caged and treated as the blood bag for the sick
War Boys squad. He is deprived to the tip of Nux‟ war rig on his chase to get
Furiosa. It is then agreed that the first major action scene is dominated by Furiosa,
while Max is in chains for most of it.
34. 45
Evidence 5
Minute: 00:12:55
Analysis: When the women are displayed breastfed, the Immortan Joe regards
breast milk as necessary because it is high in protein and the water supply is
scarce. The scene is displayed very short and not sexualized in any way; apart of
they are pumped to produce a giant jar of milk. It becomes a perfect hint, how
unconsciously the male character displays unique traits; either he regards women
or degrades them. This evidence shows gender equality agreed by the male
character.
Evidence 6
Minute: 00:55:05
Analysis: The wives in the movie are not the portraits of damsels-in-distress.
There are no vibes of it at all. They are active participants in their own rescuing.
They also have strong faiths in reaching Green Place of Many Mothers. They play
roles as caretaker of guns supply. They reload the guns, take stock of weapons,
35. 46
guard the rear of the big rig, and otherwise work to distract and thwart Joe‟s men.
There is also a notable scene where one of the wives saves Max‟s life by shielding
him with her body, knowing that Joe will not shoot her (and he does not). In
another scene, one of the wives pretends she wants to be rescued by Joe‟s men in
order to give Furiosa a hand up into their vehicle so Furiosa can take them out
(see Appendix).
Evidence 7
Minute: 00:55:05
36. 47
Analysis: One of evidences of gender equality depicted in the movie, when Max
demands the wives to pass him their guns. One of wives goes with, “You don‟t
have to do it just because he tells you to,” while staring confidently-brave at Max.
Evidence 8
Minute: 00:54:56
Analysis: In order to survive Immortan Joe‟s rampage, Max and Furiosa quickly
figure out that they need to work together. This evidence shows how they lean
back and forth across each other shooting fire guns to the enemies. They also take
out the bad guys in complete harmony. This evidence shows their relationship
which is far from romantic. It is mutual relationship with mutual respect and
equality in the need of survival. This evidence really shows gender equality at its
finest level where a man and a woman who are both equally as competent at
surviving in a wasteland, do whatever it takes to survive. They work in harmony
in order to get out of the wasteland heading to Green Place where the greens exist
37. 48
and many mothers live peacefully, which is also the place where Furiosa was born
at.
Evidence 9
Minute: 01:03:48
Analysis: This evidence strongly shows how affection can make bad people to be
more human. It happens to Nux, he grows and becomes more human. It is thanks
to his surrounding, which is dominated by women. A motherly/daughterly aspect
to all of that is important for a civilized society.
38. 49
Evidence 10
Minute: 01:37:10
Analysis: Furiosa‟s squad has got help from the older women from Furiosa‟s
hometown. They help her in taking down the War Boys, although some of them
are died and hurt. The older women completely hold their own in the battle and
are working together in harmony in order to keep Max and everyone else alive.
This clearly shows equality of being able to do men‟s job in battlefield.
Evidence 11
Minute: 01:48:46
Analysis: Furiosa got stabbed on her waist and is dying. She is injured so badly.
Her blood is drained. But Max is the only person who takes care of her. He
becomes her nurse by transferring his veins to hers. His blood is running in her
blood and that what makes her staying alive until the very end of movie. This
evidence clearly shows a notable gender role reversal, which is fine and
acceptable.
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CHAPTER V
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
5.1. Conclusions
This study comes to some conclusions drawn from the statements of
problem after listing down the findings alongside the analysis.
Mad Max: Fury Road movie is indeed sharing a lot of evidences which
lead to a conclusion; that it is a feminist movie. Apart of being considered as
feminist movie, the movie also portrays some evidences of gender equality, which
prevail also to both gender; male and female. All of the female characters are
displayed as equal as male characters. They both strive for surviving from the
cruel Immortant Joe.
As for the women roles, there are 8 evidences which visually display the
changing roles for women without completely change to the opposite personal
traits. They struggle a lot to win the battle, though still show some affection
towards the bad characters in the movie. These changing roles can be considered
as proofs that women and men can equally stand on the same foot. It goes exactly
the same to gender equality where a big number of evidences are perfectly
depicted in the movie.
5.2. Suggestions
This study is probably found as lacking in deep analysis. However, there is
precious experience that the writer gains during the completion. This study then
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needs a lot of improvements here and there. Still, the writer hopes the
understanding that she gains is felt equally by the other readers. This is because
the writer finally understands the definition of women roles, what are they and can
they be changed, as well as the gender equality evidences depicted in the movie
can widen up her horizon in seeing almost everything.
As for some readers or students who plan to use similar topics, in this case
is feminism perspectives, they have to be more meticulous in compiling the data.
There is this importance to execute the problems stated smoothly without leaving
more confusion in the end. To prove each evidence and connect it to the problems
is also important to do.