The metallic form appears in a bright silver colour brittle and non-metallic form will appear as the grey powder.
It is a weak conductor of electricity and heat. The special feature of antimony and its alloys is that they expand on cooling.
It is not acted on by air at room temperature, but burns brilliantly when heated with the formation of white fumes.
3. Properties of Antimony:
The metallic form appears in a bright silver colour brittle and non-metallic form will appear as the
grey powder.
It is a weak conductor of electricity and heat. The special feature of antimony and its alloys is that
they expand on cooling.
It is not acted on by air at room temperature, but burns brilliantly when heated with the formation of
white fumes.
Uses :
Pure antimony is used in the manufacturing of certain semiconductors like infrared detectors and
diodes.
It is used to harden lead and increase its durability.
Batteries consist of antimony for smooth functioning.
It is also used to make small arms & bullets.
It is a very good flame retardant.
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4. Sources
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Occurs in the form of oxide and sulphide.
Present as an impurity in many mineral ores.
Inorganic compounds:
Antimony potassium tartarate
Antimony trioxide
Antimony trichloride
Antimony hydride(stibine)
5. Mechanism of toxicity
Antimony compounds act
by binding to sulfhydryl
groups, enhancing
oxidative stress, and
inactivating key enzymes.
Ingested antimonials
are corrosive to GI
mucosal membranes.
Stibine causes hemolysis.
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6. Toxic dose
Lethal oral dose – 100mg/kg of body weight.
Trivalent and pentavalent oxides are
less toxic, with LD50 in rats ranging from
3200 - 4000 mg/kg of body weight.
Workplace limit is 0.5 mg/meter cube for 8
hours.
The air level considered to be immediately
dangerous to life is 50 mg/ cubic meter.
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7. Sign and
Symptoms
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Strong Metallic taste
Burning sensation
Constriction of throat
Nausea
Vomiting with pain in stomach and abdomen
Respiration is labour
Death occurs by cardiac failure
8. Chemical test
for Antimony
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Reinsch Test
Micro Test with Stained Copper Strip in
Reinsch test
Marsh's Test
Group Analysis
Rhodamine B Reagent
Phosphomolybdic Reagent
9. Treatment
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Emergency and supportive measures
Specific drugs and antidotes
Decontamination
Enhanced elimination
