Art Nouveau was an artistic style that emerged in the late 19th century in response to industrialization and social changes. It emphasized organic and flowing forms inspired by nature. The movement sought to reform art and society through a variety of mediums including architecture, interior design, painting and more. While short-lived, Art Nouveau had a lasting influence and helped pave the way for 20th century modernism. It played a role in improving standards of living through its emphasis on housing reform and innovations like introducing bathrooms into home design.
Impressionism was an art movement that originated in the 19th century with a group of Paris-based artists. They held independent exhibitions that brought them prominence in the 1870s-1880s despite opposition. The style is characterized by visible brush strokes, emphasis on light/color, and inclusion of movement. It influenced other media like music and literature.
Modern art includes artistic works produced from the 1860s to the 1970s that experimented with new techniques and ways of seeing. The movement began with Post-Impressionists like Van Gogh, Cézanne, Gauguin, and Seurat who rejected realism. In the early 20th century, Cubism, led by Picasso and Braque, and other styles like Fauvism and Expressionism emerged. After World War I, Dada, Surrealism, Bauhaus, and other anti-art movements developed. By the 1950s-60s, Abstract Expressionism, Pop Art, Minimalism, and new media like video art gained prominence, especially in the US. Modern art
This document provides an overview of art and architecture trends in the Modern Era. It discusses the rise of abstract expressionism in America led by Pollock and de Kooning. It also describes other art movements like pop art popularized by Andy Warhol, op art focusing on optical illusions, minimalism reducing elements down to basic forms, and conceptual art questioning what constitutes a work of art. For architecture, it outlines the modern movement seeking functionalism over decoration and the international style drawing inspiration from machines. Organic architecture pioneered by Frank Lloyd Wright is also summarized.
The Industrial Revolution was a period from 1750 to 1850 where changes in agriculture, manufacturing, mining, transportation, and technology had a profound social and economic impact. It began in the UK and spread worldwide. It marked a major turning point in history, increasing average income and population growth unprecedentedly. For the first time, living standards of ordinary people began sustained growth.
The Industrial Revolution was a period from 1750 to 1850 where changes in manufacturing and technology profoundly impacted society. It began in the UK and spread worldwide. The Industrial Revolution marked a major turning point in history, with unprecedented growth in average income and population. For the first time, living standards of ordinary people began sustained growth.
The 1920s saw a period of optimism following World War I. New technologies like radio and skyscrapers emerged during this boom time. Women gained more freedom as flappers and gained the right to vote. An exhibition in Paris in 1925 showcased the emerging Art Deco style, which was influenced by various artistic movements. The discovery of King Tut's tomb in 1922 also sparked interest in Egyptian styles that further influenced Art Deco designs globally.
Art Nouveau was an international style of art and design that peaked in popularity around 1900. It emphasized flowing, organic forms inspired by nature. Characteristics included curved lines, plant-derived motifs, and use of new materials like glass and iron. While it began in architecture and design, Art Nouveau encompassed many mediums including painting, graphics, furniture, jewelry and more. The style was influenced by Japanese woodcuts and sought to modernize forms while celebrating nature.
This document provides an overview of modern art movements from Neoclassicism in the 18th century through Surrealism in the early 20th century. It discusses the key characteristics and examples of works for each major movement including Neoclassicism, Romanticism, Realism, Impressionism, Post-Impressionism, Art Nouveau, Expressionism, Fauvism, Cubism, Futurism, Vorticism, Dada, Suprematism, Constructivism, De Stijl, and Surrealism. The movements had varying styles and subject matters but many revolted against prior conventions and explored new ways of representing visual art.
Impressionism was an art movement that originated in the 19th century with a group of Paris-based artists. They held independent exhibitions that brought them prominence in the 1870s-1880s despite opposition. The style is characterized by visible brush strokes, emphasis on light/color, and inclusion of movement. It influenced other media like music and literature.
Modern art includes artistic works produced from the 1860s to the 1970s that experimented with new techniques and ways of seeing. The movement began with Post-Impressionists like Van Gogh, Cézanne, Gauguin, and Seurat who rejected realism. In the early 20th century, Cubism, led by Picasso and Braque, and other styles like Fauvism and Expressionism emerged. After World War I, Dada, Surrealism, Bauhaus, and other anti-art movements developed. By the 1950s-60s, Abstract Expressionism, Pop Art, Minimalism, and new media like video art gained prominence, especially in the US. Modern art
This document provides an overview of art and architecture trends in the Modern Era. It discusses the rise of abstract expressionism in America led by Pollock and de Kooning. It also describes other art movements like pop art popularized by Andy Warhol, op art focusing on optical illusions, minimalism reducing elements down to basic forms, and conceptual art questioning what constitutes a work of art. For architecture, it outlines the modern movement seeking functionalism over decoration and the international style drawing inspiration from machines. Organic architecture pioneered by Frank Lloyd Wright is also summarized.
The Industrial Revolution was a period from 1750 to 1850 where changes in agriculture, manufacturing, mining, transportation, and technology had a profound social and economic impact. It began in the UK and spread worldwide. It marked a major turning point in history, increasing average income and population growth unprecedentedly. For the first time, living standards of ordinary people began sustained growth.
The Industrial Revolution was a period from 1750 to 1850 where changes in manufacturing and technology profoundly impacted society. It began in the UK and spread worldwide. The Industrial Revolution marked a major turning point in history, with unprecedented growth in average income and population. For the first time, living standards of ordinary people began sustained growth.
The 1920s saw a period of optimism following World War I. New technologies like radio and skyscrapers emerged during this boom time. Women gained more freedom as flappers and gained the right to vote. An exhibition in Paris in 1925 showcased the emerging Art Deco style, which was influenced by various artistic movements. The discovery of King Tut's tomb in 1922 also sparked interest in Egyptian styles that further influenced Art Deco designs globally.
Art Nouveau was an international style of art and design that peaked in popularity around 1900. It emphasized flowing, organic forms inspired by nature. Characteristics included curved lines, plant-derived motifs, and use of new materials like glass and iron. While it began in architecture and design, Art Nouveau encompassed many mediums including painting, graphics, furniture, jewelry and more. The style was influenced by Japanese woodcuts and sought to modernize forms while celebrating nature.
This document provides an overview of modern art movements from Neoclassicism in the 18th century through Surrealism in the early 20th century. It discusses the key characteristics and examples of works for each major movement including Neoclassicism, Romanticism, Realism, Impressionism, Post-Impressionism, Art Nouveau, Expressionism, Fauvism, Cubism, Futurism, Vorticism, Dada, Suprematism, Constructivism, De Stijl, and Surrealism. The movements had varying styles and subject matters but many revolted against prior conventions and explored new ways of representing visual art.
Art Appreciation Topic IX: Early 20th Century ArtThomas C.
The document provides an overview of major art movements in the early 20th century. It discusses the rejection of naturalism and academic traditions with the birth of Modernism. Key movements discussed include Fauvism, Cubism, Futurism, Orphism, Rayonism, Constructivism, Dada, Bauhaus, Surrealism, and Neue Sachlichkeit. Specific artists and works are mentioned from Britain, the US, Vienna, Germany, and Paris. The text focuses on the experimentation with technique and questioning of the nature of art during this revolutionary period.
Art Nouveau emerged in Europe in the late 19th century, influencing art, architecture, graphics and more. The style emphasized organic forms and integrated materials. Key figures included Victor Horta, whose Maison Tassel in Brussels was one of the first Art Nouveau buildings. The style varied between countries, such as the curving forms in France versus the geometric style in Austria. Art Nouveau buildings experimented with structure and decoration, reflecting the modern age through innovative designs.
Aniko Katona Hungarian Art Deco PostersMonique Carr
The document discusses Art Deco poster art in interwar Hungary. It provides historical context for the rise of Art Deco tastes and styles. The period between the World Wars was one of economic and political turmoil in Hungary following losses after WWI. Art Deco posters emerged as a form of popular culture that depicted luxury and beauty, providing an escape for the public. The document examines the development of Hungarian poster art from the late 19th century influences through the Art Nouveau period to the rise of Modernist and Constructivist styles in the interwar years. It explores how Modernist and Art Deco styles were sometimes interwoven in posters, combining functional design with decorative elements that appealed to middle class tastes.
Art Nouveau was an artistic style that emerged in the late 19th century and emphasized organic and geometric forms inspired by nature. It aimed to modernize design and move away from historical eclectic styles. The movement spread across Europe under different names and had a significant influence on decorative arts. Romanticism was also an important 19th century art movement that emphasized emotion and the imagination as a response to Enlightenment rationalism. Romantic artists often depicted the unpredictable and powerful forces of nature to convey feelings of the sublime.
Modernity arose in the 19th century in response to industrialization, urbanization, and new attitudes among artists; it was characterized by new styles of painting, universal access to art, and changing social classes. As cities and consumerism grew, new artistic movements developed that rejected realism and embraced new subject matters and styles, making art more accessible through museums, lithography, and photography. Postmodernism emerged in the late 20th century as a rejection of modernism's focus on rationality and function in favor of pluralism and mixing of styles and cultures in response to a capitalist and mass consumer society.
Modernism arose in the 19th century in response to industrialization and urbanization. Artists rejected depicting historical events and instead portrayed modern life, anxieties, and class relations. New artistic movements developed, and art became more accessible through museums, lithography, and photography. In the 20th century, postmodernism emerged as a departure from modernism's ideals of rationality and authentic style. Postmodernists embraced pluralism, mixing high and low culture and styles old and new.
This document provides an overview of major art periods from prehistoric times to the present. It begins with Paleolithic cave paintings and ancient works focused on religion and daily life. As time progressed, art styles like Classical, Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque developed, often influenced by new technologies and societal changes. Major movements like Romanticism, Realism, Impressionism and Cubism emphasized different techniques and subjects. The document highlights influential artists such as Leonardo da Vinci, Picasso and Warhol and how their works helped define each era. It concludes with 20th century abstract styles like Surrealism and Pop Art that incorporated new subjects and perspectives.
The document provides an overview of major periods in art history from prehistoric times to the modern era. It discusses characteristics and examples of art from periods including Paleolithic, Classical, Medieval, Renaissance, Baroque, Rococo, Neoclassicism, Romanticism, Realism, Impressionism, Post-Impressionism, Expressionism, Cubism, Surrealism, and Pop Art. It also includes short biographies and works from prominent artists such as Leonardo da Vinci, Pablo Picasso, and Andy Warhol.
This document provides an overview of major art periods from prehistoric times to the present. It begins with Paleolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic art from over 10,000 BC featuring cave paintings and stone structures. Classical art of Greece and Rome from 500 BC focused on naturalistic sculptures honoring gods. Medieval art from 476 AD centered around Christian religious themes. The Renaissance starting in the 15th century revived interest in realism and human subjects. Major modern movements discussed include Baroque, Rococo, Neoclassicism, Romanticism, Realism, Impressionism, Post-Impressionism, Expressionism, Cubism, Surrealism, and Pop Art. Key artists like Leonardo da Vinci
Rococo & Neoclassicism In Early 18th CenturyAndrea Fuentes
The document provides an overview of Rococo and Neoclassicism in 18th century Europe. It discusses the political context and shifts in power from French royalty to aristocrats. Rococo began as an architectural style featuring undulating forms and spread to painting and sculpture. Neoclassicism emerged in response to Enlightenment ideals and was inspired by the ruins of Pompeii. It featured simpler, more structured compositions with references to Greek and Roman antiquity. The document summarizes key works of Rococo artists like Fragonard and Boucher and Neoclassical artists like David, West, and Ingres.
The document summarizes several artworks that explore themes of globalization and how cultures interact and influence each other globally. It discusses works by artists from different countries that incorporate both traditional and modern iconography from diverse cultures like Li Lihong's porcelain sculptures blending Chinese and Western motifs and Korakrit Arunanondchai's video art examining the merging of art and life in contemporary Thailand. The document examines how artists acknowledge and comment on cultural exchange in an increasingly interconnected world.
Modernism in Art: An Introduction: Salon des refusesJames Clegg
This course provides a critical introduction to modernist artistic movements starting from the Salon des Refusés in 1863. It examines Impressionism, Cubism, Futurism, Constructivism, Dada and other avant-garde styles in their historical and cultural contexts. The course structure includes 11 weeks covering these movements and their influence in reshaping representations of the modern world.
The document provides an overview of major artistic movements in early 20th century modern art, including Fauvism, Expressionism, Cubism, Futurism, Dada, Suprematism, De Stijl, and Surrealism. It summarizes the goals and characteristics of each movement, and provides examples of influential artists and their works such as Matisse, Kandinsky, Picasso, Duchamp, Mondrian, Dali, and others. The document also discusses the impact of events like World War I and the development of abstraction on the rejection of traditional styles of art during this period.
1. James Whistler and John Ruskin held opposing views on art, with Whistler believing in "art for art's sake" without social concerns. This led to Whistler suing Ruskin for libel over criticism of one of Whistler's paintings.
2. In the late 18th century, the focus in art shifted from emulating tradition to an artist's unique vision and imagination, influenced by neoclassicism and romanticism. This established the idea of the artist as a "visionary genius."
3. Major artists like Jacques-Louis David, Francisco Goya, Eugène Delacroix, John Constable, J.M.W. Turner, Jean-Fran
The 19th century marked a period of permanent revolution in art that destroyed old traditions. This began with the Industrial Revolution which lacked artistic traditions and standards for architecture. It also undermined craftsmanship. Painting and sculpture traditions were also disrupted as artists gained more freedom but lost stability. Buyers wanted familiar works, while artists explored new styles. This created tension between artists and the public. The revolution had both positive and negative effects, but ultimately directed art towards progress.
The document discusses how French art influenced European culture over many years. It focuses on how the French Revolution changed the purpose and style of art in France. Art during this period took on political meanings and messages of freedom (neoclassicism, romanticism) rather than just being religious works. One key work discussed is Liberty Leading the People by Eugène Delacroix, which depicted a scene from the French Revolution and came to symbolize the ideals of freedom and nationalism.
This document provides an introduction to Otto Wagner's seminal work Modern Architecture, published in 1896. The introduction discusses the revolutionary nature of the work and the context in which it was written. Wagner broke from tradition in outlining a new approach to design that anticipated twentieth-century practice. Though a conservative establishment criticized the work, it received attention from architects and theorists. The introduction examines debates around concepts like "realism" in architecture during this period. It establishes Wagner's work as a culmination of nineteenth-century efforts to create a new style and his role in realizing the promise of a new aesthetic ethic.
The document summarizes architectural changes and movements in the 19th century, a period of significant political, social, and economic transformations in Europe. Key developments included the demolition of city walls and reforms to urban planning in major cities like Barcelona, Paris, and Vienna. Architecture during this time moved away from unified styles and increasingly focused on functionality, using new materials like glass, iron, and concrete. Historicism and Eclecticism drew inspiration from old styles, while Art Nouveau emerged around 1890 as an international style that incorporated natural and organic motifs into design. Major architectural works represented different national variations of this style across Europe.
The document provides an overview of Neo-Classical architecture and its origins in the 18th century as a reaction against Baroque and Rococo styles. It discusses key architects like Claude Perrault and their works, as well as characteristics of Neo-Classical architecture like symmetry, columns, pediments, and minimal ornamentation. It also summarizes the impacts of the Industrial Revolution on architecture through new materials like steel, glass, and concrete which enabled larger and taller structures. Reinforced concrete was an important innovation that combined the compressive strength of concrete with tensile strength of steel.
The Articles of Confederation promoted liberty but sacrificed stability and security, leading to its downfall. It established a loose confederation that gave too much power to states at the expense of the central government. However, it did promote the general welfare through laws like the Northwest Ordinance, which established public schools and a path to statehood for new territories. Overall, the Articles of Confederation effectively balanced liberty and unity at first but became too decentralized over time.
Hand Writing In Notebook Made From Recycled Paper Stock Photo - ImageAmy Roman
The essay describes the author's 5 years of experience riding horses at different barns, focusing on their current horse Stormy who they have competed with in pole bending and other events at the Waupaca County Fair. Over the course of the fair, which lasts 5 days, the author details preparing Stormy, practicing jumping, and having fun with friends in activities like the corn pit despite the challenges of juggling work, family, and horse responsibilities.
Más contenido relacionado
Similar a ART RAGE AGAINST THE MACHINE A SHORT ESSAY ON ART NOUVEAU MARIA DEL CARMEN CORRAL LODEIRO BRITISH ACADEMY OF INTERIOR DESIGN 72546664
Art Appreciation Topic IX: Early 20th Century ArtThomas C.
The document provides an overview of major art movements in the early 20th century. It discusses the rejection of naturalism and academic traditions with the birth of Modernism. Key movements discussed include Fauvism, Cubism, Futurism, Orphism, Rayonism, Constructivism, Dada, Bauhaus, Surrealism, and Neue Sachlichkeit. Specific artists and works are mentioned from Britain, the US, Vienna, Germany, and Paris. The text focuses on the experimentation with technique and questioning of the nature of art during this revolutionary period.
Art Nouveau emerged in Europe in the late 19th century, influencing art, architecture, graphics and more. The style emphasized organic forms and integrated materials. Key figures included Victor Horta, whose Maison Tassel in Brussels was one of the first Art Nouveau buildings. The style varied between countries, such as the curving forms in France versus the geometric style in Austria. Art Nouveau buildings experimented with structure and decoration, reflecting the modern age through innovative designs.
Aniko Katona Hungarian Art Deco PostersMonique Carr
The document discusses Art Deco poster art in interwar Hungary. It provides historical context for the rise of Art Deco tastes and styles. The period between the World Wars was one of economic and political turmoil in Hungary following losses after WWI. Art Deco posters emerged as a form of popular culture that depicted luxury and beauty, providing an escape for the public. The document examines the development of Hungarian poster art from the late 19th century influences through the Art Nouveau period to the rise of Modernist and Constructivist styles in the interwar years. It explores how Modernist and Art Deco styles were sometimes interwoven in posters, combining functional design with decorative elements that appealed to middle class tastes.
Art Nouveau was an artistic style that emerged in the late 19th century and emphasized organic and geometric forms inspired by nature. It aimed to modernize design and move away from historical eclectic styles. The movement spread across Europe under different names and had a significant influence on decorative arts. Romanticism was also an important 19th century art movement that emphasized emotion and the imagination as a response to Enlightenment rationalism. Romantic artists often depicted the unpredictable and powerful forces of nature to convey feelings of the sublime.
Modernity arose in the 19th century in response to industrialization, urbanization, and new attitudes among artists; it was characterized by new styles of painting, universal access to art, and changing social classes. As cities and consumerism grew, new artistic movements developed that rejected realism and embraced new subject matters and styles, making art more accessible through museums, lithography, and photography. Postmodernism emerged in the late 20th century as a rejection of modernism's focus on rationality and function in favor of pluralism and mixing of styles and cultures in response to a capitalist and mass consumer society.
Modernism arose in the 19th century in response to industrialization and urbanization. Artists rejected depicting historical events and instead portrayed modern life, anxieties, and class relations. New artistic movements developed, and art became more accessible through museums, lithography, and photography. In the 20th century, postmodernism emerged as a departure from modernism's ideals of rationality and authentic style. Postmodernists embraced pluralism, mixing high and low culture and styles old and new.
This document provides an overview of major art periods from prehistoric times to the present. It begins with Paleolithic cave paintings and ancient works focused on religion and daily life. As time progressed, art styles like Classical, Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque developed, often influenced by new technologies and societal changes. Major movements like Romanticism, Realism, Impressionism and Cubism emphasized different techniques and subjects. The document highlights influential artists such as Leonardo da Vinci, Picasso and Warhol and how their works helped define each era. It concludes with 20th century abstract styles like Surrealism and Pop Art that incorporated new subjects and perspectives.
The document provides an overview of major periods in art history from prehistoric times to the modern era. It discusses characteristics and examples of art from periods including Paleolithic, Classical, Medieval, Renaissance, Baroque, Rococo, Neoclassicism, Romanticism, Realism, Impressionism, Post-Impressionism, Expressionism, Cubism, Surrealism, and Pop Art. It also includes short biographies and works from prominent artists such as Leonardo da Vinci, Pablo Picasso, and Andy Warhol.
This document provides an overview of major art periods from prehistoric times to the present. It begins with Paleolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic art from over 10,000 BC featuring cave paintings and stone structures. Classical art of Greece and Rome from 500 BC focused on naturalistic sculptures honoring gods. Medieval art from 476 AD centered around Christian religious themes. The Renaissance starting in the 15th century revived interest in realism and human subjects. Major modern movements discussed include Baroque, Rococo, Neoclassicism, Romanticism, Realism, Impressionism, Post-Impressionism, Expressionism, Cubism, Surrealism, and Pop Art. Key artists like Leonardo da Vinci
Rococo & Neoclassicism In Early 18th CenturyAndrea Fuentes
The document provides an overview of Rococo and Neoclassicism in 18th century Europe. It discusses the political context and shifts in power from French royalty to aristocrats. Rococo began as an architectural style featuring undulating forms and spread to painting and sculpture. Neoclassicism emerged in response to Enlightenment ideals and was inspired by the ruins of Pompeii. It featured simpler, more structured compositions with references to Greek and Roman antiquity. The document summarizes key works of Rococo artists like Fragonard and Boucher and Neoclassical artists like David, West, and Ingres.
The document summarizes several artworks that explore themes of globalization and how cultures interact and influence each other globally. It discusses works by artists from different countries that incorporate both traditional and modern iconography from diverse cultures like Li Lihong's porcelain sculptures blending Chinese and Western motifs and Korakrit Arunanondchai's video art examining the merging of art and life in contemporary Thailand. The document examines how artists acknowledge and comment on cultural exchange in an increasingly interconnected world.
Modernism in Art: An Introduction: Salon des refusesJames Clegg
This course provides a critical introduction to modernist artistic movements starting from the Salon des Refusés in 1863. It examines Impressionism, Cubism, Futurism, Constructivism, Dada and other avant-garde styles in their historical and cultural contexts. The course structure includes 11 weeks covering these movements and their influence in reshaping representations of the modern world.
The document provides an overview of major artistic movements in early 20th century modern art, including Fauvism, Expressionism, Cubism, Futurism, Dada, Suprematism, De Stijl, and Surrealism. It summarizes the goals and characteristics of each movement, and provides examples of influential artists and their works such as Matisse, Kandinsky, Picasso, Duchamp, Mondrian, Dali, and others. The document also discusses the impact of events like World War I and the development of abstraction on the rejection of traditional styles of art during this period.
1. James Whistler and John Ruskin held opposing views on art, with Whistler believing in "art for art's sake" without social concerns. This led to Whistler suing Ruskin for libel over criticism of one of Whistler's paintings.
2. In the late 18th century, the focus in art shifted from emulating tradition to an artist's unique vision and imagination, influenced by neoclassicism and romanticism. This established the idea of the artist as a "visionary genius."
3. Major artists like Jacques-Louis David, Francisco Goya, Eugène Delacroix, John Constable, J.M.W. Turner, Jean-Fran
The 19th century marked a period of permanent revolution in art that destroyed old traditions. This began with the Industrial Revolution which lacked artistic traditions and standards for architecture. It also undermined craftsmanship. Painting and sculpture traditions were also disrupted as artists gained more freedom but lost stability. Buyers wanted familiar works, while artists explored new styles. This created tension between artists and the public. The revolution had both positive and negative effects, but ultimately directed art towards progress.
The document discusses how French art influenced European culture over many years. It focuses on how the French Revolution changed the purpose and style of art in France. Art during this period took on political meanings and messages of freedom (neoclassicism, romanticism) rather than just being religious works. One key work discussed is Liberty Leading the People by Eugène Delacroix, which depicted a scene from the French Revolution and came to symbolize the ideals of freedom and nationalism.
This document provides an introduction to Otto Wagner's seminal work Modern Architecture, published in 1896. The introduction discusses the revolutionary nature of the work and the context in which it was written. Wagner broke from tradition in outlining a new approach to design that anticipated twentieth-century practice. Though a conservative establishment criticized the work, it received attention from architects and theorists. The introduction examines debates around concepts like "realism" in architecture during this period. It establishes Wagner's work as a culmination of nineteenth-century efforts to create a new style and his role in realizing the promise of a new aesthetic ethic.
The document summarizes architectural changes and movements in the 19th century, a period of significant political, social, and economic transformations in Europe. Key developments included the demolition of city walls and reforms to urban planning in major cities like Barcelona, Paris, and Vienna. Architecture during this time moved away from unified styles and increasingly focused on functionality, using new materials like glass, iron, and concrete. Historicism and Eclecticism drew inspiration from old styles, while Art Nouveau emerged around 1890 as an international style that incorporated natural and organic motifs into design. Major architectural works represented different national variations of this style across Europe.
The document provides an overview of Neo-Classical architecture and its origins in the 18th century as a reaction against Baroque and Rococo styles. It discusses key architects like Claude Perrault and their works, as well as characteristics of Neo-Classical architecture like symmetry, columns, pediments, and minimal ornamentation. It also summarizes the impacts of the Industrial Revolution on architecture through new materials like steel, glass, and concrete which enabled larger and taller structures. Reinforced concrete was an important innovation that combined the compressive strength of concrete with tensile strength of steel.
Similar a ART RAGE AGAINST THE MACHINE A SHORT ESSAY ON ART NOUVEAU MARIA DEL CARMEN CORRAL LODEIRO BRITISH ACADEMY OF INTERIOR DESIGN 72546664 (20)
The Articles of Confederation promoted liberty but sacrificed stability and security, leading to its downfall. It established a loose confederation that gave too much power to states at the expense of the central government. However, it did promote the general welfare through laws like the Northwest Ordinance, which established public schools and a path to statehood for new territories. Overall, the Articles of Confederation effectively balanced liberty and unity at first but became too decentralized over time.
Hand Writing In Notebook Made From Recycled Paper Stock Photo - ImageAmy Roman
The essay describes the author's 5 years of experience riding horses at different barns, focusing on their current horse Stormy who they have competed with in pole bending and other events at the Waupaca County Fair. Over the course of the fair, which lasts 5 days, the author details preparing Stormy, practicing jumping, and having fun with friends in activities like the corn pit despite the challenges of juggling work, family, and horse responsibilities.
FREE Dear Santa Writing Paper For Preschool, Pre-K,Amy Roman
The document provides instructions for requesting writing assistance from HelpWriting.net. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account with a password and email. 2) Complete a 10-minute order form providing instructions, sources, and deadline. 3) Review bids from writers and select one. 4) Receive the paper and authorize payment if pleased. 5) Request revisions until satisfied, with a refund option for plagiarism.
Graffiti Speed Drawing Name Art - AMANDA Name Art, Graffiti, GraffitiAmy Roman
The document discusses the AICPA's role in setting auditing standards for nonpublic entities. It notes that the AICPA is responsible for establishing these standards through its auditing standards board. The standards ensure audits are performed consistently and with quality. However, more information on the specific standards is needed.
Research Paper Writing Service - Assignment EssaysAmy Roman
This document provides information about a research paper writing service called Assignment Essays. It outlines a 5-step process for using their services: 1) Create an account, 2) Complete an order form with instructions and deadline, 3) Review bids from writers and choose one, 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment, 5) Request revisions if needed. It emphasizes that original, high-quality content is guaranteed and plagiarized work will be refunded.
🏷️ How To Start A Conclusion Examples. How To Write A Good C.pdfAmy Roman
The article discusses three pathogens that can cause meningitis: Haemophilus influenzae type b, Neisseria meningitidis, and Streptococcus suis. It then describes a case study of a man who contracted S. suis meningitis after slaughtering pigs without protective gear. An MRI and spinal tap were performed, and S. suis was identified as the cause. The man's exposure to the pigs through slaughtering them without protection was likely how he contracted the infection.
How To Write The Princeton University Essays 2017Amy Roman
The document discusses the socio-economic effects of the Spring Grove Dam located in the Midlands area of South Africa. It outlines the aims and objectives of investigating factors like water availability and quality on local residents and farmers. Data was gathered and findings from other literature are reviewed to analyze and discuss the interpretation of the dam's impacts. The conclusion will evaluate how it affects the stakeholders.
This document provides a checklist for students to follow before submitting an essay assignment. It outlines 5 steps: 1) Create an account on the website HelpWriting.net; 2) Complete a 10-minute order form providing instructions, sources, and deadline; 3) Review bids from writers and choose one based on qualifications; 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment if satisfied; 5) Request revisions to ensure satisfaction, and the website guarantees original, high-quality work or a full refund.
The document summarizes Steve Almond's letter to the Washington Post criticizing football for its dangers and brutality. It discusses how Almond responds to a previous review of his new book arguing that the dangers of concussions in football have not gone away, as the reviewer suggested. Almond believes football is a brutal national pastime that puts players' health and safety at risk from head injuries. The summary briefly outlines Almond's position against football due to the ongoing threat of concussions.
Get Literary Analysis Essay Examples Full -Amy Roman
This document provides instructions for requesting and obtaining a literary analysis essay from the website HelpWriting.net. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account with a password and email. 2) Complete a 10-minute order form providing instructions, sources, and deadline. 3) Review bids from writers and select one. 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment if satisfied. 5) Request revisions to ensure satisfaction, with a refund available for plagiarized work.
Printable Thanksgiving Writing Paper TemplatesAmy Roman
This document provides instructions for improving one's credit score. It recommends checking one's credit report and scores for free on websites to understand current standing. Maintaining a good payment history by paying bills on time is important. It can also be helpful to limit applying for new credit and not maxing out credit cards. Checking the credit report annually allows one to monitor for any issues. An improved credit score provides benefits like easier approval for loans, credit cards, jobs, and mortgages.
1. The document discusses the steps to request an assignment writing service from HelpWriting.net, including creating an account, completing an order form, reviewing writer bids, choosing a writer, and authorizing payment upon completion.
2. It then provides more details about the writing process, including allowing for multiple revisions to ensure satisfaction and offering refunds for plagiarized work.
3. The document promotes HelpWriting.net as a service that stands by its promise to provide original, high-quality content and fully meet customer needs.
GCSE English Language Paper 1 Question 4 GcseAmy Roman
The document provides instructions for requesting writing assistance from HelpWriting.net. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account with a password and email. 2) Complete a 10-minute order form providing instructions, sources, and deadline. 3) Review bids from writers and select one. 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment. 5) Request revisions until satisfied, with a refund option for plagiarized work.
65 Creative And Fun 7Th Grade Writing Prompts 7Th GradAmy Roman
The document provides instructions for requesting writing assistance from HelpWriting.net. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account with a password and email. 2) Complete an order form with instructions, sources, and deadline. 3) Review bids from writers and select one. 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment. 5) Request revisions until satisfied with the work. The service aims to provide original, high-quality content and offers refunds for plagiarized work.
Trics On How To Write A Non-Plagiarized Essay BESTWritingHEAmy Roman
The document discusses censorship of the internet in China, noting that while the internet provides global access to information and freedom of speech, many governments including China's impose censorship that restricts this freedom and access to information. Different governments take different approaches to censorship and controlling access to online information and communication. China in particular is known to heavily censor the internet and restrict access within its borders to information and websites it deems politically sensitive or threatening.
PPT - Keys To Writing A Good Discussion PowerPoint Presentation, FreeAmy Roman
Chad faces widespread food insecurity, with over one-third of the population undernourished, due to factors such as drought, poverty, and conflict limiting agricultural production and access to food. To address this issue, potential solutions include increasing investment in irrigation to improve resilience to drought, providing social safety nets to help the poor access food, and promoting peace to enable displaced families to return home and farm their land.
Writing Pencil On Image Photo (Free Trial) BigstockAmy Roman
The document discusses Niccolò Machiavelli's book The Prince and analyzes four key works within it. The author believes Machiavelli's view of human nature as inherently evil is too extreme. While Machiavelli argued leaders must be willing to do anything to achieve their goals, the author does not think all people are evil or lacking in morality. What kind of person someone becomes depends on their environment and upbringing, not an innate wickedness. In discussing The Prince, the author weighs Machiavelli's theories against modern views of human nature and leadership.
3 Steps To Writing A Powerful Introduction Paragraph - RisetAmy Roman
The document discusses how heartburn is caused by imbalanced gastric juices or acids in the stomach, and that antacids are medications that help correct the pH balance in the stomach. It begins to explain that the pH scale measures acidity and alkalinity, ranging from 0-14, with lower numbers being more acidic and higher numbers being more basic or alkaline. The document appears to be setting up to discuss the effect of heartburn on the stomach in relation to pH levels.
This document provides instructions for using the writing assistance service HelpWriting.net. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account with a password and email. 2) Complete a 10-minute order form providing instructions, sources, and deadline. 3) Review bids from writers and select one. 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment. 5) Request revisions to ensure satisfaction, with the option of a full refund for plagiarized work.
Rainbow Fish Writing Paper By Sailing Through The CoAmy Roman
1. Hard work and perseverance are necessary for survival. Wang Lung works tirelessly in the fields to provide for his family, showing how difficult but rewarding labor can be.
2. Family and tradition are extremely important in Chinese culture. Wang Lung honors his parents and carries on customs from generation to generation.
3. Societal changes, like the ability to own land and rise above one's station, were possible during the collapse of the old dynastic system in China. Wang Lung achieves prosperity and status through his dedication.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pecb/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
ART RAGE AGAINST THE MACHINE A SHORT ESSAY ON ART NOUVEAU MARIA DEL CARMEN CORRAL LODEIRO BRITISH ACADEMY OF INTERIOR DESIGN 72546664
1. ART RAGE AGAINST THE MACHINE
A SHORT ESSAY ON ART NOUVEAU
MARIA DEL CARMEN CORRAL LODEIRO
BRITISH ACADEMY OF INTERIOR DESIGN 72546664
2. Speaking of Art Nouveau means referring to a cycle full
of questions, inquiries, inconsistencies, dissatisfactions;
reviewing and closing a century that ends and proposing
alternatives for the one that begins.
Despite its short duration (approximately from 1890 to
1910) and the gap in time of almost a century, it is still a
controversial and exciting phenomenon.
FIG 1. CENDRILLON, DEVAMBEZ, A 1889 [ILLUSTRATION]
3. The term Art Nouveau was developed in Belgium around 1880 to
describe the work of a group of artists called ''Les Vingt'' whose
aim was to reform the arts and society as a whole. Mention to
“Art Nouveau” first appeared in 1884 in the Belgian literary re-
view l'Art Moderne to designate those who repudiated histori-
cism, "believers in art nouveau”. This movement was called Art
Nouveau in France, while in the rest of Europe it received other
names depending on the territory, such as: in Spain it received
the name of "modernism" and locally in Catalonia "modernisme";
in Italy it was called Arte Libero, Liberty or floreale (it receives its
name for all the products sold in Liberty & Co.), in England Mo-
dern Style, in Germany Jugendstil, in Austria Sezessionstil. Some
THE STYLE
2
FIG 3 VER SACRUM MAGAZINE, MOSER K1901 [ILLUSTRATION]
4. Alfons Mucha was not only a
valuable and internationally
recognized painter, his creativity
was developed through
painting, book illustration,
posters, Fouquet jewelry design,
furniture design, interior design,
tableware and cutlery design,
lamps, photography etc..
Unquestionably it is thanks to
figures like Alfons Mucha that
the basis for the formation and
cultural artistic creation that
would be developed in the 20th
century was built, since they
would lay the foundations on
which all the artistic movements
of the 20th century would arise.
There is no doubt that we are
dealing with an artistic legacy
of incalculable value.
regions that stand out for the great development of Modernism in their
territory are Catalonia, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Finland, Glasgow
or Nancy, the latter two being the headquarters of two schools that will
develop their own style in influences on the artists of the time. (V&A Mu-
seum, 2019)
Despite the desire for rupture and stylistic innovation, Art Nouveau is a
product of its time, and is influenced by its geographical environment
and its recent past. The complexity of this period and its movement ha-
ve given rise to contradictory interpretations: because of its decoration,
some observers consider Art Nouveau to be the expression of the decli-
ne of the 19th century;(See fig 3, Moser, K .1901) others, however, due
to Art Nouveau's search for aesthetic and spiritual values, see it as a
reaction against the decline and materialism of the period, marked by a
drastic mechanisation of the production processes that threatened tradi-
tional craftsmanship and imposed mass production. In this context of
disorder and existential crisis, Art Nouveau functions as an entrance do-
or that connects the past and the future. Concerning this point, Philip
Meggs states that:
3
FIG 4. PROPHETESS, MUCHA, A. 1896 [ PAINTING]
5. “Art Nouveau is the style of transition that devia-
ted from the historicism that dominated design
during most of the 19th century. On the other
hand... by replacing historicism with innovation,
Art Nouveau became the initial phase of the mo-
dern movement. It paved the way for the 20th
century by eliminating the decadent spirit of de-
sign”
(Meggs, 1991, p. 246).
Art Nouveau is influenced by the Arts and Crafts
movement, which in its conception of Total Art
seeks to do away with the traditional hierarchy of
the arts. In this way, painting, architecture or
sculpture are paired with craftsmanship or fine
arts, furniture design, , jewellery, goldsmithing or
ironwork. (See figs. 5, 6 &7)
They will also inherit from the Pre-Raphaelite mo-
vement a search for mystic and languid women's
4
FIG 5 CABAGGE AND WINE TAPESTRY,MORRIS, W. . 1876
[TAPESTRY]
FIG 6 SCREEN JOHN HENRY DEARLE. 1885
[PHOTOGRAPH]
FIG 7. BROOCH, LALIQUE.1900
6. imagery (See Fig 4 on page 3 , Mucha, A. 1896
and Fig. 8 Waterhouse,1903) and the Japanese
engraving graphic style.(iFg 10, Yamamoto,S ,
1906) The French Symbolism on literature will
have a strong influence.
Over a long period of time, art historians have
come up to Art Nouveau in an antagonistic ma-
nner: Conceptually, it has been considered a re-
volution to the classical model of creative art or
an elitist tantrum in opposition to the art establish-
ment, depending on who is consulted. In a for-
mal way, two principles would clash: one based
on the straight line, the Mackintosch school and
the other in curvy and undulating lines, such as
the Style of the Ecole de Nancy or the singular
style of Gaudí in Barcelona. But it is not so easy
to contextualize works within a specific style, sin-
ce several influences can merge in the same ar-
tist, let's see Victor Horta as an example, (Fig 9
Horta V, 1893) where florality and constructive
tendency are combined.
5
FIG 9 VICTOR HORTA, (1893), HOTEL TASSEL STAIRCASE
[PHOTOGRAPH]
FIG 10 YAMAMOTO,S. (1906),
FLOWER VILLAGE, [ENGRAVING]
FIG 8 WATERHOUSE, J.W ( 1903) THE SPIRIT OF A ROSE
[PAINTING]
7. Despite the fact that it is
currently still framed in
Modernism, many art
academics regard Gaudí's work
as unparalleled and challenging
to frame in any style at all. This
refusal to accept stylistic labels
was shared by Frank Lloyd
Wright. Gaudí was just
“Gaudinian". (Corral, M. 2019)
As we can see, Art Nouveau is a very individualized movement, since
the different architects involved in this period show their own persona-
lity in their works. (See fig. 11 Gaudí, 1906) This, together with interna-
tionalism and the different local features of the movement, led to a lack
of continuity of this style, which after the First World War ceased to be
interesting for the general public and was replaced by the glamorous
Art Deco of the 1920s, modernism and its rejection of the ornament de-
fended from the Viena Sezessionstil by Alfred Loos in "Ornament and
Crime”, and Dorothy Draper's designs that succeeded in Hollywood.
As Lara-Vinca states, the expressions presented by Art Nouveau are as
many and as diverse as the number of artists who were involved in it.
On the basis of a series of ideas and ideals it could crystallize as a ho-
mogeneous style, but it did not find its means of expression precisely in
uniformity, but in multiplicity. (Lara-Vinca, 1984)
6
FIG 11 GAUDÍ, A., (1906), CASA BATLLÓ PHOTO: MELA
CORRAL [PHOTOGRAOPH]
8. Art Nouveau´s bloom coincided with the brilliant European Belle
Époque that preceded the First World War, a time of optimism in
science and technology, relative economic prosperity, creativity
in art and culture -symbolism in literature, Wagnerian tendencies
in music, the influence of Nietzsche on philosophy-, and social
consciousness.
Art Nouveau was born in the midst of a major socio-economic
transition that had its roots in the shifts that Europe witnessed sin-
ce the French Revolution and the boom of the middle class from
the hands of the industrial revolution. The middle class was the
most favoured social class and imposed a new way of life, chan-
THE CONTEXT
7
FIG 12 UNKNOWN, (CA.1900),LA BELLE ÉPOQUE [PHOTOGRAPH]
9. FIG 15 UNKNOWN., (CA. 1900),WORKING CLASS
NEIGHBOURHOOD [PHOTOGRAPH]
ge of lifestyle and the appearance of new social and moral va-
lues, concerning property, savings, work and family. The bur-
geois established an ideal for some or an unattainable reference
for others, although, over time, new values and mores arose
within the working classes that would confront those of the bour-
geoisie. (Montagut Contreras, E., 2014.) The industrial revolution
not only brought a technological revolution by the hand, but it
was also felt in the countryside, by mechanizing the work. (Casti-
lla, A., 2018) The substitution of man by machine caused the exo-
dus to the cities of all the surplus labor from the countryside. So-
on employers saw the urgent need to create accommodations for
their workers, thus creating a new urban layout that updated the
still medieval that many cities had in the nineteenth century. An
example are the works of the Eixample in Barcelona (See Fig 14,
Chapple, 2015), designed by Ildefonso Cerdá, and which crea-
ted new blocks of new buildings and neighbourhoods. In Geor-
gian and Victorian times these new neighbourhoods were seen,
but is now, at the dawn of the 20th century when it´s urgent to
create regulations describing minimum requirements of habitabi-
lity and healthiness, to avoid the high incidence of diseases
among the lower classes, to tackle a very high infant mortality ra-
8
FIG 13 UNKNOWN, (1913 )KRUPP
RHEINHAUSEN FACTORY [PHOTOGRAPH]
FIG 14 CHAPPLE, A., (2015),BARCELONA [PHOTOGRAPH]
FIG 16 UNKNOWN., (CA. 1900),LINDSAY FAMILY ABOUT
190D
10. In the 19th Century, even the
houses of the nobility, including
the royal mansions, were not
equipped with bathtubs or tubs.
When Queen Victoria I of
England (1819-1901) came to
the throne in 1837 there was
n o t a si n gl e bat h t u b i n
Buckingham Palace.
However, a few decades later,
in 1868, Benjamin Maugham
invented the hot gas bath, and
everything suggested that the
bath would become popular,
but an unfortunate day the
heater exploded and sent a
bathtub and swimmer to the
other side of the room, where
they were landed immersed in
perplexity. People didn't want to
hear about such a gadget and
preferred to buy the hot water
sold door-to-door. (curiosfera,
2019)
te that in some cases such as that of Madrid sunk the demographic cur-
ve in an alarming way, (Huertas, R. 2002) and of course, to shut the do-
or on epidemics such as those that in the past attacked the population
centres of Europe again. An important investment was made in infras-
tructure and public works to provide cities with lighting and water
supply and sewerage, the first fire insurance companies for housing
and regulations in this area arose. (Hernando, M., 2016) The hygienist
currents of this period influenced the transfer of the bathroom to the in-
terior of the houses, thus helping to introduce a change of mentality
with respect to the corporal hygiene. (Inter-companies. 2018.). As a res-
ponse to these requirements, the first Social Housing Law arose in Ho-
lland in 1901 under the name of Woningwet, with the clear objective of
regularizing an optimal and rational use of land through urban
planning, together with an improvement in the quality of housing asso-
ciated with conditions of hygiene and ventilation (Eduardo Zenteno,
(2012), We already see this concern for social housing in Vitruvius who
wrote in book II of “De Arquitectura”, a description of housing ideal con-
ditions and its adaptation to the categories of its owners or dwellers,
materialised in the different typologies such as the domus, the insulae,
the tugurium or the palace.Designing is solving problems, the past of
interior design and furniture can give us those solutions, the same or
9
FIG 17, CORRAL, M, (2019),CASA MILÁ BATHROOM
[PHOTOGRAPH]
11. similar problem, the same or similar solution. Art
Nouveau reflects these needs of society and so-
cial orientations are manifested in public works
such as theatres, public lighting, or new cine-
mas, for example. Gradually, all new construc-
tions were incorporating these new characteris-
tics and city regulations.
However, the most elaborate ornaments, furniture
and Art Nouveau design remain only within the
reach of the wealthiest pockets as a symbol
of their socio-economic position, once again con-
fining art and design within the circle of high so-
ciety. This patronage of the wealthy classes tur-
ned Art Nouveau into a luxury item that the mem-
bers of the high society of the time used as an
example of their economic power. A very illustrati-
ve example of this is the so-called "Apple of Dis-
cord" in Barcelona.(See Fig 18, Wikimedia
Commons 2019) The name refers to the wedding
of Peleo and Tetis in Greek mythology. It´s the
housing block located in Passeig de Gràcia, bet-
ween the streets Aragó and Consell de Cent,
and it is a sample of the contrasts of the different
architectural tendencies of the moment. (note he
parallelism offered by the fact that in the Greek
episode the symbol is an apple and here we
speak of a block of houses.) At number 35 of this
street we find the house Lleó Morera, by
Domènech i Montaner, a little further on, we find
the Casa Amatller designed by Puig i Cadafalch
and the Casa Batlló, the work of Gaudí. (Casa
Batlló 2019)
10
FIG 18 WIKIPEDIA COMMONS, (2019),ILLA DE LA
DISCORDIA [PHOTOGRAPH]
12. Similarities have been found between this episo-
de and the rivalry between the architects of mo-
dernism and, in fact, its owners for having the
most beautiful building in the aforementioned
block of houses on Paseo de Gracia, also mentio-
ned in Secondary research (Task 1) The owners
invested absurd amounts of money in works, ma-
terials and the very last home improvemets te-
chnologies. There was no impossible work or
high enough bill.
11
13. More than 100 years have gone and thanks to the innovations in-
troduced at that time and the development of regulations, the
housing conditions of millions of people were substantially impro-
ved. Once again, designers and architects are trying to respond
to this demand from society. Interior designers work together with
architects to create pleasant and functional residential spaces
adapted to the housing needs of new types of families or people
living alone, all in areas increasingly reduced by the rise in land
prices. The gender perspective is being implemented in the
approach to new housing, concerning to protection and visibility
in access to housing, a new use of space in housing that promo-
tes equality, home chores sharing and interpersonal communica-
THE LEGACY
12
INTERIOR
DESIGN AS AN
INDEPENDENT
DISCIPLINE.
FIG 19 CHARLES RENNIE MACKINTOSH & MARGARET MACDONALD, “SALONTTINO DELLE ROSE'” TURIN, 1902 [ILLUSTRATION]
14. tion. (Ayuntamiento de Fuenlabrada, C., 2007. )
However, we are seeing again how new models
of substandard housing begin to flourish, linked
to the technological revolution and to the displa-
cement of thousands of people to the hubs of te-
chnological development. Art Nouveau's impor-
tance lies in the fact that the interior is given real
importance for the first time. Architects such as
Victor Horta, Gaudí, Mackintosh...(Page 11 Fig
19 Mackintosh & MacDonald, 1901) from their
offices and architectural studios gave equal or
more weight to the interior of their buildings
rather than to the outside. From this moment on,
both disciplines will walk together and already
with the advance of the 20th century, architectu-
re and interior design become confused. Archi-
tects such as Walter Gropius (creator of the
Bauhaus), Mies Van der Rohe, Le Corbusier... de-
sign exteriors, interiors and furniture for their pro-
jects, combining all the elements involved in the
conception of the development of the project.
(See Fig 20 Wirtz, G. 2019) It will be from the thir-
ties when in the United States, industrial desig-
ners and interior designers will appear and from
their design studios will make interior projects.
Designers and interior designers such as Doro-
thy Draper or Billy Haines will give the discipline
a name and highlight the relevance of interior de-
sign. (Sánchez-Cascado, F., 2016.)
13
FIG 20 ,GENEVA WIRTZ 2019 GROPIUS HOUSE [PHOTOGRAPH]
15. If we look at the past and analyse the period in which Art Nouveau deve-
loped, we find many parallels between that not-so-distant period and
the present, since fashions have changed, technology has evolved, the
geopolitical scenario is different, but the problems are getting very
similar. From the temporal distance we can state that Art Nouveau, with
its cheerful and floral style, wanted to verbalise through its designs a
war cry against the dictatorship of the machine and a convulsed world
that was heading in an uncertain and undiscovered path. His present-day
presence in graphic design, photography and fashion is perhaps not
casual.Art nouveau is back on the stage to tell us that, indeed, there is
another way of living.
14
FIG. 21 HAYNE PALMOUR IV/SAN DIEGO UNION-TRIBUNE(2015), FLORENCE & THE MACHINE US
TOUR 2015 [PHOTOGRAPH].
FIG 22 ALFONS MUCHA (1898), DANCE [ILLUSTRATION].
18. V&A Museum. 2019. Art Nouveau. An internatio-
nal style. [ONLINE] Available at:
https://www.vam.ac.uk/articles/art-nouveau-an-in
ternational-style. [Accessed 23 August 2019].
Castilla, A., 2018. Capitalismo y crecimiento en
el XIX. Economía y Futuro, [Online]. Available at:
https://economiayfuturo.es/capitalismo-y-crecimi
ento-en-el-xix/ [Accessed 4 October 2019].
Montagut Contreras, E., 2014. La aristocracia y
la burguesía en el siglo XIX. Los ojos de Hipatia,
[Online]. Available at:
https://losojosdehipatia.com.es/cultura/historia/la
-aristocracia-y-la-burguesia-en-el-siglo-xix/ [Ac-
cessed 4 October 2019].
Vitruvius, M. L.«De la forma de las casas, según
la diversa categoría de las personas», cap. VIII,
Book VI. : Los diez libros de arquitectura. Barce-
lona, Iberia, 1997, pages. 152-154.
Huertas, R. 2002 Vivir y morir en Madrid: la vi-
vienda como factor determinante del estado de
salud de la población madrileña (1874-1923) p
254 . Asclepio-Vol. LIV-2-2002 , Available at:
http://asclepio.revistas.csic.es/index.php/asclepi
o/article/viewFile/150/147 [Accessed 04 Octo-
ber 2019].
Zenteno, E. (2012) La evolución del espacio resi-
dencial en Europa (1900-1929) Origen de la Vi-
vienda como objeto de estudio . Escuela de Ar-
quitectura Usach, Edicion primavera 2012, pag
36.)
Hernando, M., 2016. Casas "aseguradas de in-
cendios". Secretos de Madrid, [Online]. Available
at:
http://www.secretosdemadrid.es/casas-asegurad
as-de-incendios/ [Accessed 4 October 2019]
Interempresas. 2018. Evolución histórica de los
espacios de baño en la vivienda. [ONLINE] Avai-
lable at:
https://www.interempresas.net/Instaladores/Artic
ulos/214047-Evolucion-historica-de-los-espacios
-de-bano-en-la-vivienda.html. [Accessed 5 Octo-
ber 2019].
Sánchez-Cascado, F., 2016. Evolution de los es-
tudios de interiorismo. Tiovivo creativo,
[Online].Available at:
https://www.tiovivocreativo.com/blog/arquitectura
/evolucion-de-los-estudios-de-interiorismo/ [Ac-
cessed 4 October 2019].
Ayuntamiento de Fuenlabrada, C., 2007. “VIVIEN-
DAS QUE CONCILIAN: LA PERSPECTIVA DE GÉ-
NERO APLICADA A LAS VIVIENDAS DE NUEVA
CONSTRUCCIÓN”. Secretaría de Mujer, Juven-
tud e Infancia, [Online]. 1, 17-37. Available at:
http://www.ayto-fuenlabrada.es/recursos/doc/SC/
Mujer_juventud_infancia/Mujer/19606_19519520
11191136.pdf [Accessed 5 October 2019].
Curiosfera. 2019. Historia del Baño. [ONLINE]
Available at:
https://www.curiosfera.com/historia-del-bano/.
[Accessed 6 October 2019]
Assignment 8 Secondary Research (2019), Ma-
ria del Carmen Corral Lodeiro,
17
21. page fig reference
8 15 Unknown, (2019), Working class neighbourhood. [Photograph]. Available at:
https://unamiradaalcielo.files.wordpress.com/2013/05/l.jpg [Accessed 6 October
2019].
8 16 Unknown, (1900), Lindsay Family about 1900 [Photograph]. Available at: http://
images.ourontario.ca/Partners/TTHS/TTHS003384319f.jpg [Accessed 6 October
2019]
9 17 Antonio Gaudí (1912) Casa Milá. Photo by Mela Corral (2019)
10 18 Wikipedia Commons, (2019), Illa de la discordia, Passeig de Grácia
[Photograph]. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
File:Illa_de_la_Discòrdia.jpg [Accessed 6 October 2019].
11 19 Charles Rennie Mackintosh & Frances Macdonald, (1901), 'Salonttino Delle
Rose' [Illustration]. Available at: http://www.scotcities.com/mackintosh/
designer.htm [Accessed 6 October 2019].
12 20 Geneva Wirtz, (2019), Gropius House, Walter Gropius [Photograph]. Available at:
https://www.archdaily.com/118207/ad-classics-gropius-house-walter-gropius/
503804bf28ba0d599b00094f-ad-classics-gropius-house-walter-gropius-photo?
next_project=no [Accessed 6 October 2019].
13 21 Hayne Palmour IV/San Diego Union-Tribune(2015), Florence & The Machine US
tour 2015 [Photograph]. Available at: https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/
default/936c20c/2147483647/strip/true/crop/1023x575+0+0/resize/840x472!/
quality/90/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fca-
times.brightspotcdn.com%2F84%2Fae%2F91f7bf54521324c8ee3c8fc05106%
2Fsd-1526963606-pj2uz9dw94-snap-image[Accessed 3 August 2019].
13 22 Alfons Mucha (1898), Dance [Illustration]. https://i.pinimg.com/564x/7d/14/8b/
7d148be07cb7e06d46724bd50948b625.jpg [Accessed 3 August 2019].
22. “I BELIEVE, HOWEVER, THAT
PEOPLE, AS CRANES, EMIGRATE
INTO PROGRESS.”
JULIAN MARCHLEWSKY