Hello Everyone, Myself Mr. Omkar B. Tipugade, Assistant Professor, Genesis Institute of Pharmacy, Radhanagari. Today I upload the notes on Preparation and Standardization of ayurvedic Formulation. Notes are prepared as per PCI Syllabus for Third year B-Pharmacy Students.
Thank You
Herbal formulations and ayurvedic formulationsRavish Yadav
The all the content in this profile is completed by the teachers, students as well as other health care peoples.
thank you, all the respected peoples, for giving the information to complete this presentation.
this information is free to use by anyone.
Preparation and Standardisation of Ayurvedic Dosage formsManjusha Kondepudi
Standardization of Asava&Arista, Churna, Bhasma, Avalehya and Gutika.
Importance of standardization of herbals
Standardization of herbal raw material, plant extract
FORMULATION AND PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT OF HERBAL DRUGS BCP.pptxGanugavade
This document discusses formulation and production management of herbal drugs. It describes various types of herbal formulations used in Ayurveda like Asavas, Arishtas, Avlehas, Ghritas, Churnas, Tailas, Gutikas. It explains the formulation process for each type and challenges in herbal formulation like standardization, safety assessment etc. It also discusses the concept of detoxification of toxic herbs used in Ayurvedic formulations through various Shodhana processes to reduce toxicity and enhance therapeutic effects.
This document discusses Ayurvedic formulations including arishtas, asavas, avalehas, ghritas, churnas, tailas, gutikas, and bhasmas. It provides details on the ingredients, processes, and examples of each type of formulation. The key steps involve purification of ingredients, followed by mixing with liquids or oils and processing through fermentation or heating to extract medicinal properties in a stable, non-toxic form.
Ayurvedic Formulation: Asava, Arishta, Avaleha, Ghrita, Taila, Gutika
Concept of Detoxification: Panchkarma
Final Year B.Pharm (Sem-VIII) Pharmacognosy-III (Mumbai University Syllabus
This document discusses the Ayurvedic herbal formulation known as Lehya. Lehya is a semi-solid herbal medicine prepared using herbs, jaggery or sugar, and herbal decoctions or juices. It is similar to jam or paste. The document outlines the traditional method of preparing Lehya, which involves boiling the jaggery or sugar with herbal decoctions until thickened, then adding herbal powders and ghee or oil. Standardization parameters for Lehya are also listed, including organoleptic properties, physical characteristics, and analytical techniques. Lehya is an ancient Ayurvedic preparation that delivers herbal medicines in a semi-solid dosage form.
1. Avaleha is a type of semisolid Ayurvedic preparation made by thickening a liquid ingredient like Kashaya, swarasa, or other liquid with sweetening agents, medicinal powders, and ghee or honey.
2. The general steps to make avaleha are to first prepare the liquid ingredient, then add sweeteners like jaggery and dissolve them in the liquid. The mixture is boiled until it forms 1-2 threads. Ghee is added before final cooking and medicinal powders are added after.
3. Proper avaleha has characteristics like forming threads when pressed between fingers and sinking when placed in water, indicating proper viscosity. It should
Hello Everyone, Myself Mr. Omkar B. Tipugade, Assistant Professor, Genesis Institute of Pharmacy, Radhanagari. Today I upload the notes on Preparation and Standardization of ayurvedic Formulation. Notes are prepared as per PCI Syllabus for Third year B-Pharmacy Students.
Thank You
Herbal formulations and ayurvedic formulationsRavish Yadav
The all the content in this profile is completed by the teachers, students as well as other health care peoples.
thank you, all the respected peoples, for giving the information to complete this presentation.
this information is free to use by anyone.
Preparation and Standardisation of Ayurvedic Dosage formsManjusha Kondepudi
Standardization of Asava&Arista, Churna, Bhasma, Avalehya and Gutika.
Importance of standardization of herbals
Standardization of herbal raw material, plant extract
FORMULATION AND PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT OF HERBAL DRUGS BCP.pptxGanugavade
This document discusses formulation and production management of herbal drugs. It describes various types of herbal formulations used in Ayurveda like Asavas, Arishtas, Avlehas, Ghritas, Churnas, Tailas, Gutikas. It explains the formulation process for each type and challenges in herbal formulation like standardization, safety assessment etc. It also discusses the concept of detoxification of toxic herbs used in Ayurvedic formulations through various Shodhana processes to reduce toxicity and enhance therapeutic effects.
This document discusses Ayurvedic formulations including arishtas, asavas, avalehas, ghritas, churnas, tailas, gutikas, and bhasmas. It provides details on the ingredients, processes, and examples of each type of formulation. The key steps involve purification of ingredients, followed by mixing with liquids or oils and processing through fermentation or heating to extract medicinal properties in a stable, non-toxic form.
Ayurvedic Formulation: Asava, Arishta, Avaleha, Ghrita, Taila, Gutika
Concept of Detoxification: Panchkarma
Final Year B.Pharm (Sem-VIII) Pharmacognosy-III (Mumbai University Syllabus
This document discusses the Ayurvedic herbal formulation known as Lehya. Lehya is a semi-solid herbal medicine prepared using herbs, jaggery or sugar, and herbal decoctions or juices. It is similar to jam or paste. The document outlines the traditional method of preparing Lehya, which involves boiling the jaggery or sugar with herbal decoctions until thickened, then adding herbal powders and ghee or oil. Standardization parameters for Lehya are also listed, including organoleptic properties, physical characteristics, and analytical techniques. Lehya is an ancient Ayurvedic preparation that delivers herbal medicines in a semi-solid dosage form.
1. Avaleha is a type of semisolid Ayurvedic preparation made by thickening a liquid ingredient like Kashaya, swarasa, or other liquid with sweetening agents, medicinal powders, and ghee or honey.
2. The general steps to make avaleha are to first prepare the liquid ingredient, then add sweeteners like jaggery and dissolve them in the liquid. The mixture is boiled until it forms 1-2 threads. Ghee is added before final cooking and medicinal powders are added after.
3. Proper avaleha has characteristics like forming threads when pressed between fingers and sinking when placed in water, indicating proper viscosity. It should
Formulation development of ayurvedic medicinesSwati Wadhawan
The document discusses Ayurvedic formulations including Arishtas, Avalehas, Churnas, and Gutikas. It provides examples of common Ayurvedic medicines like Jirakadyarishta and Amritadi churna. It outlines the ingredients, manufacturing process, quality parameters for testing, therapeutic uses and dosages of these Ayurvedic formulations. Classical Ayurvedic formulations are prepared according to texts like Charaka Samhita while proprietary medicines are developed by companies. The quality of finished products is evaluated using organoleptic, physical, chemical and microbiological parameters.
03 b. Preparation and Standardization of Ayurvedic Formulationphcognosy
This document discusses various Ayurvedic dosage forms and how they are standardized. It begins by categorizing Ayurvedic dosage forms into solid, semi-solid, liquid and powder forms. Examples of specific forms are provided like Asavas, Aristas, Vati, Gutika, Churna, Avaleha and Bhasmas. The document then describes the methods of preparation, characteristics and preservation of these various forms. It emphasizes the importance of standardizing both raw materials and manufacturing processes for Ayurvedic medicines. Parameters for standardizing extraction methods, solid dosages, semi-solids and finished products are outlined. The goal of standardization is to ensure safety, quality, and efficacy of Ayur
This document discusses herbal formulation and production management. It begins by defining herbal formulations and describing different types of herbal preparations. It then outlines some key challenges in herbal formulation, including standardization, safety and efficacy assessment, and clinical documentation. Some constraints in herbal formulation are also discussed, such as inadequate harvesting practices and lack of quality control. The document also provides details on various Ayurvedic formulations like Asavas, Arishtas, Avlehas, Ghritas, and Churnas. It explains the formulation processes and properties of these traditional Ayurvedic medicines. Finally, the concept of detoxification in herbal formulations is introduced, where certain toxic herbs are purified through processes like boiling
The document discusses various Ayurvedic dosage forms including solid, semisolid, and liquid forms. It describes the classification and preparation methods of common dosage forms such as churna, gutika, asava, arishta, avaleha, and lehya. The document also covers parameters for standardizing different Ayurvedic formulations to ensure quality, purity, and therapeutic efficacy.
Ayurvedic herbal and herbo-mineral preparations are used to treat chronic diseases without side effects. Bhasmas are a unique Ayurvedic preparation made by purifying metals/minerals through processes like sodhana and marana, involving calcination. They are assessed through physical and chemical parameters to ensure safety and efficacy. Other Ayurvedic dosage forms discussed are churnas, tailas, lehyas, arishtas and asavas which are herbal formulations having distinct methods of preparation.
Herbal formulations are preparations made from herbs, plants or plant extracts that are used for medicinal purposes. They can be prepared using methods like extraction, distillation, or fermentation to obtain herbal substances or preparations from plant materials. Common Ayurvedic herbal formulations include Avaleha (jam-like pastes), Asava and Arishta (fermented liquids), Ghrita (medicated ghee), Taila (medicated oils), Churna (powders), and Gutika (pills). Proper preparation methods following guidelines specified in Ayurvedic texts are important to standardize the formulations and remove any toxic elements from herbs through processes like Shodhana (detoxification
This presentation introduces basic concepts of asavas and arishtas and largely deals with their method of preparation. The content is made so as to cater to undergraduate students in pharmacy and basic science learners. This topic is in herbal drug technology of PCI curriculum
Tailas are Ayurvedic herbal oil preparations made by boiling oils with herbal decoctions and pastes. There are standard methods for preparing tailas involving mixing a herbal paste (kalka), herbal decoction (drava), and oil (sneha). The mixture is boiled until the proper consistency is reached. Tailas are used topically for massage or internally with a carrier substance. They provide the therapeutic benefits of the ingredients and can be preserved for up to 16 months.
MANUFACTURING OF AYURVEDIC AND HOMEOPATHIC PREPARATIONVîjâïý Ś
This document provides information on the manufacturing processes for Ayurvedic and homeopathic drug preparations. For Ayurvedic preparations, 12 different processes are described including juices, powders, decoctions, pastes, infusions, milk preparations, linctuses/jams, medicated oils and ghees, alcoholic preparations, pills/tablets, scale preparations, and collyriums. Each process is explained with examples. For homeopathic preparations, the key steps are selection of raw materials, trituration of insoluble materials, preparation of liquid potencies through dilution and succussion, medication of pellets, drying, and packaging. Trituration and succussion are described as the core processes to
Standardization of herbal formulation.pdfPRINCEAHAD3
This document discusses herbal formulations and Ayurvedic medicine. It addresses the challenges in developing herbal formulations, including standardization, safety and efficacy assessments, and constraints such as quality of starting materials. It also describes different types of Ayurvedic formulations like gutika, churna, bhasma, lehya, arista and asava. The key steps in preparing these formulations are provided. Finally, the document outlines important standardization parameters for assessing the quality of herbal formulations.
Ayurveda is a very well documented System of Health Care Practiced in Indian Sub-Continent.
Ayurvedic medicines are medicines intended for internal or external use, for or in the diagnosis ,treatment, mitigation or prevention of disease or disorder in human beings or animals.
Ayurvedic Drugs are obtained from the natural source that is from animal, plants and minerals.
This document discusses Ayurvedic herbal formulations. It begins by providing background on Ayurveda, including its key principles of balancing the doshas (vata, pitta, kapha) and elements (air, fire, water, earth, space). It then classifies Ayurvedic formulations into solid, semisolid, and liquid dosage forms. Several examples are provided for each type of solid dosage form, including pills, powders, tablets, and more. Evaluation methods for Ayurvedic formulations are also outlined. Overall, the document provides a comprehensive overview of the classification, examples, and evaluation of various Ayurvedic herbal formulations.
This document discusses Ayurvedic herbal formulations. It begins by providing background on Ayurveda, including its key principles of balancing the doshas (vata, pitta, kapha) and elements (air, fire, water, earth, space). It then categorizes Ayurvedic formulations into solid, semisolid, and liquid dosage forms. Several examples are provided for each type of formulation, including pills, powders, tablets, oils, plasters, and more. The document emphasizes the importance of formulations in making herbs compatible and increasing their shelf life. It provides details on evaluating formulations through taxonomic, organoleptic, microscopic, and other testing.
This document provides an overview of Avleha Kalpana (semisolid medicated preparation). It begins with the aims and objectives which are to understand the detailed concept, rationality, and research related to Avleha. It then covers the etymology, definition, synonyms, historical review, classification, preparation methods, ingredients including drava, madhura, ausadha and prakshepa dravyas. It discusses paka lakshanas, preservation, dosage, anupana and modern views. The document concludes with a discussion of research articles and the author's own research views, followed by a bibliography.
Herbal Drug Technology In Ayurvedic Medicines RAHUL PAL
This document provides information on various herbal drug formulations used in Ayurvedic medicine. It begins with background on Ayurveda, describing it as one of the oldest medical systems originating in India around 900 BC. The document then discusses several common Ayurvedic formulations including arishtas and asavas, which are herbal extracts fermented with sugar, tailas which are herbal oils, ghutikas or pills, churnas or powders, lehas or semi-solid pastes, and bhasmas or calcined metals/minerals. For each type of formulation, it provides details on ingredients, method of preparation, characteristics, and examples. The document aims to describe the technology involved in
Leha (or Avaleha), is one of the several groups of Ayurvedic formulations.
It arises from sanskrit root word Lih Aswadane., means it should be tasted with tongue.
It is a semi-soild sugar based preparation.
Lehya is prepared by using jaggery, sugar, or sugar candy and boiled with prescribed drug juice or decoction.
In some Lehya formulation, honey and Ghee also used as common ingredient.
Generally, Lehya is supposed to be taken with some vehicle like water, goat, milk, butter milk called Anupan.
This document discusses several Ayurvedic herbal preparations called arishtas. It provides details on the manufacturing process for Arjunarishta and its evaluation. It also provides information on other arishtas including Jirakdyarishta, Abhayarishta, including their ingredients, indications, dosages and packaging. Arishtas are unique Ayurvedic liquid herbal formulations that contain self-generated alcohol content and herbal extracts soluble in both water and alcohol. They are used to treat various conditions.
An Introduction to Pottali Kalpana- a RasarasayanaEbinuday
'Pottali Kalpana' is one among four types of Rasarasayana . 'Pottali' are classified into three based on the method of preparation ,namley Gandhaka Dravapaka Pottali , Varatika garbha Pottali and Bhavana Pottali .Among them, Gandhaka Drava paka Pottali kalpana plays an important role in emergency management. The principle of Gandhaka Drava paka pottali is 'swedana' in Dola yantra using Gandhaka (Sulphur) as the medium .To prepare Gandhaka drava paka pottali, a slow and steady rise in temoerature should be mainitained . The melting point of gandhaka ranges from110 - 119 degree celsius and boiling point is 444 degree celsius .The temperature should be maintained below the boilig pont and above the melting point of Gandhaka . Varatika garbha pottali is prepared by filling drug inside Cowrie shell followed by sealing with Tankana and milk. The principle of 'marana', by means of Gajaputa (in general). Bhavana pottali is prepared by grinding the drug in suitable medium , till it attain samyak bhavitha lakshana .
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
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The document discusses Ayurvedic formulations including Arishtas, Avalehas, Churnas, and Gutikas. It provides examples of common Ayurvedic medicines like Jirakadyarishta and Amritadi churna. It outlines the ingredients, manufacturing process, quality parameters for testing, therapeutic uses and dosages of these Ayurvedic formulations. Classical Ayurvedic formulations are prepared according to texts like Charaka Samhita while proprietary medicines are developed by companies. The quality of finished products is evaluated using organoleptic, physical, chemical and microbiological parameters.
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This document discusses various Ayurvedic dosage forms and how they are standardized. It begins by categorizing Ayurvedic dosage forms into solid, semi-solid, liquid and powder forms. Examples of specific forms are provided like Asavas, Aristas, Vati, Gutika, Churna, Avaleha and Bhasmas. The document then describes the methods of preparation, characteristics and preservation of these various forms. It emphasizes the importance of standardizing both raw materials and manufacturing processes for Ayurvedic medicines. Parameters for standardizing extraction methods, solid dosages, semi-solids and finished products are outlined. The goal of standardization is to ensure safety, quality, and efficacy of Ayur
This document discusses herbal formulation and production management. It begins by defining herbal formulations and describing different types of herbal preparations. It then outlines some key challenges in herbal formulation, including standardization, safety and efficacy assessment, and clinical documentation. Some constraints in herbal formulation are also discussed, such as inadequate harvesting practices and lack of quality control. The document also provides details on various Ayurvedic formulations like Asavas, Arishtas, Avlehas, Ghritas, and Churnas. It explains the formulation processes and properties of these traditional Ayurvedic medicines. Finally, the concept of detoxification in herbal formulations is introduced, where certain toxic herbs are purified through processes like boiling
The document discusses various Ayurvedic dosage forms including solid, semisolid, and liquid forms. It describes the classification and preparation methods of common dosage forms such as churna, gutika, asava, arishta, avaleha, and lehya. The document also covers parameters for standardizing different Ayurvedic formulations to ensure quality, purity, and therapeutic efficacy.
Ayurvedic herbal and herbo-mineral preparations are used to treat chronic diseases without side effects. Bhasmas are a unique Ayurvedic preparation made by purifying metals/minerals through processes like sodhana and marana, involving calcination. They are assessed through physical and chemical parameters to ensure safety and efficacy. Other Ayurvedic dosage forms discussed are churnas, tailas, lehyas, arishtas and asavas which are herbal formulations having distinct methods of preparation.
Herbal formulations are preparations made from herbs, plants or plant extracts that are used for medicinal purposes. They can be prepared using methods like extraction, distillation, or fermentation to obtain herbal substances or preparations from plant materials. Common Ayurvedic herbal formulations include Avaleha (jam-like pastes), Asava and Arishta (fermented liquids), Ghrita (medicated ghee), Taila (medicated oils), Churna (powders), and Gutika (pills). Proper preparation methods following guidelines specified in Ayurvedic texts are important to standardize the formulations and remove any toxic elements from herbs through processes like Shodhana (detoxification
This presentation introduces basic concepts of asavas and arishtas and largely deals with their method of preparation. The content is made so as to cater to undergraduate students in pharmacy and basic science learners. This topic is in herbal drug technology of PCI curriculum
Tailas are Ayurvedic herbal oil preparations made by boiling oils with herbal decoctions and pastes. There are standard methods for preparing tailas involving mixing a herbal paste (kalka), herbal decoction (drava), and oil (sneha). The mixture is boiled until the proper consistency is reached. Tailas are used topically for massage or internally with a carrier substance. They provide the therapeutic benefits of the ingredients and can be preserved for up to 16 months.
MANUFACTURING OF AYURVEDIC AND HOMEOPATHIC PREPARATIONVîjâïý Ś
This document provides information on the manufacturing processes for Ayurvedic and homeopathic drug preparations. For Ayurvedic preparations, 12 different processes are described including juices, powders, decoctions, pastes, infusions, milk preparations, linctuses/jams, medicated oils and ghees, alcoholic preparations, pills/tablets, scale preparations, and collyriums. Each process is explained with examples. For homeopathic preparations, the key steps are selection of raw materials, trituration of insoluble materials, preparation of liquid potencies through dilution and succussion, medication of pellets, drying, and packaging. Trituration and succussion are described as the core processes to
Standardization of herbal formulation.pdfPRINCEAHAD3
This document discusses herbal formulations and Ayurvedic medicine. It addresses the challenges in developing herbal formulations, including standardization, safety and efficacy assessments, and constraints such as quality of starting materials. It also describes different types of Ayurvedic formulations like gutika, churna, bhasma, lehya, arista and asava. The key steps in preparing these formulations are provided. Finally, the document outlines important standardization parameters for assessing the quality of herbal formulations.
Ayurveda is a very well documented System of Health Care Practiced in Indian Sub-Continent.
Ayurvedic medicines are medicines intended for internal or external use, for or in the diagnosis ,treatment, mitigation or prevention of disease or disorder in human beings or animals.
Ayurvedic Drugs are obtained from the natural source that is from animal, plants and minerals.
This document discusses Ayurvedic herbal formulations. It begins by providing background on Ayurveda, including its key principles of balancing the doshas (vata, pitta, kapha) and elements (air, fire, water, earth, space). It then classifies Ayurvedic formulations into solid, semisolid, and liquid dosage forms. Several examples are provided for each type of solid dosage form, including pills, powders, tablets, and more. Evaluation methods for Ayurvedic formulations are also outlined. Overall, the document provides a comprehensive overview of the classification, examples, and evaluation of various Ayurvedic herbal formulations.
This document discusses Ayurvedic herbal formulations. It begins by providing background on Ayurveda, including its key principles of balancing the doshas (vata, pitta, kapha) and elements (air, fire, water, earth, space). It then categorizes Ayurvedic formulations into solid, semisolid, and liquid dosage forms. Several examples are provided for each type of formulation, including pills, powders, tablets, oils, plasters, and more. The document emphasizes the importance of formulations in making herbs compatible and increasing their shelf life. It provides details on evaluating formulations through taxonomic, organoleptic, microscopic, and other testing.
This document provides an overview of Avleha Kalpana (semisolid medicated preparation). It begins with the aims and objectives which are to understand the detailed concept, rationality, and research related to Avleha. It then covers the etymology, definition, synonyms, historical review, classification, preparation methods, ingredients including drava, madhura, ausadha and prakshepa dravyas. It discusses paka lakshanas, preservation, dosage, anupana and modern views. The document concludes with a discussion of research articles and the author's own research views, followed by a bibliography.
Herbal Drug Technology In Ayurvedic Medicines RAHUL PAL
This document provides information on various herbal drug formulations used in Ayurvedic medicine. It begins with background on Ayurveda, describing it as one of the oldest medical systems originating in India around 900 BC. The document then discusses several common Ayurvedic formulations including arishtas and asavas, which are herbal extracts fermented with sugar, tailas which are herbal oils, ghutikas or pills, churnas or powders, lehas or semi-solid pastes, and bhasmas or calcined metals/minerals. For each type of formulation, it provides details on ingredients, method of preparation, characteristics, and examples. The document aims to describe the technology involved in
Leha (or Avaleha), is one of the several groups of Ayurvedic formulations.
It arises from sanskrit root word Lih Aswadane., means it should be tasted with tongue.
It is a semi-soild sugar based preparation.
Lehya is prepared by using jaggery, sugar, or sugar candy and boiled with prescribed drug juice or decoction.
In some Lehya formulation, honey and Ghee also used as common ingredient.
Generally, Lehya is supposed to be taken with some vehicle like water, goat, milk, butter milk called Anupan.
This document discusses several Ayurvedic herbal preparations called arishtas. It provides details on the manufacturing process for Arjunarishta and its evaluation. It also provides information on other arishtas including Jirakdyarishta, Abhayarishta, including their ingredients, indications, dosages and packaging. Arishtas are unique Ayurvedic liquid herbal formulations that contain self-generated alcohol content and herbal extracts soluble in both water and alcohol. They are used to treat various conditions.
An Introduction to Pottali Kalpana- a RasarasayanaEbinuday
'Pottali Kalpana' is one among four types of Rasarasayana . 'Pottali' are classified into three based on the method of preparation ,namley Gandhaka Dravapaka Pottali , Varatika garbha Pottali and Bhavana Pottali .Among them, Gandhaka Drava paka Pottali kalpana plays an important role in emergency management. The principle of Gandhaka Drava paka pottali is 'swedana' in Dola yantra using Gandhaka (Sulphur) as the medium .To prepare Gandhaka drava paka pottali, a slow and steady rise in temoerature should be mainitained . The melting point of gandhaka ranges from110 - 119 degree celsius and boiling point is 444 degree celsius .The temperature should be maintained below the boilig pont and above the melting point of Gandhaka . Varatika garbha pottali is prepared by filling drug inside Cowrie shell followed by sealing with Tankana and milk. The principle of 'marana', by means of Gajaputa (in general). Bhavana pottali is prepared by grinding the drug in suitable medium , till it attain samyak bhavitha lakshana .
Similar a AYURVEDIC FORMULATION; Herbal Drug Technology-6th semester.pptx (20)
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune DiseaseHealth Advances
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/Pt1nA32sdHQ
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/uFdc9F0rlP0
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We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.
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Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
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2. INTRODUCTION
Mr. Rahul dev (Asst. Prof.)
Ayurvedic Formulation:
Indian medicines comes from Ayurveda which is said to be the science of
life and was originated by Brahma.
Ayurveda contains knowledge of medicines and the healing art.
Ayurvedic medicine system from the ancient era utilises many
pharmaceutical dosage forms which are even practiced at the present time.
Ayurvedic formulation are obtained by subjecting herbal substances to the
treatment such as extraction, distillation, expression, fractionation,
purification, concentration or fermantation.
3. INTRODUCTION
Mr. Rahul dev (Asst. Prof.)
Standardization:
It is the process of setting quality parameters.
Standardization gives rise to uniformity and consistency in quality of
products. Properly standardization formulation are more effective with
fewer side effects.
The pharmacopoeial standards for ayurvedic formulations published by
the Govt. of India, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare give certain
physical parameters as standards for different formulation.
4. CLASSIFICATION OF AYURVEDIC
FORMULATION
Mr. Rahul dev (Asst. Prof.)
1. SOLID DOSAGE FORMS
• Churna (powder)
• Bhasma
• Gutika and Vatika (pills)
• Modaka (boluses)
• Guggulu (plant exudations)
2. SEMISOLID DOSAGE FORMS
• Kalka (ointment & paste)
• Avaleha (soft extract)
3. LIQUID DOSAGE FORMS
• Asava
• Arishta
• Swarasa (self juices)
• Taila (medicated oil)
• Kwatha (decoction)
5. ASAVA & ARISHTHA
Mr. Rahul dev (Asst. Prof.)
Arishta:
Arishtas are prepared by the process of fermentation for a specific
time period after boiling the main decoction substance and adding
other ingredients.
Arishtas is an medical preparation mentioned in the Vedas, having
ayurvedic medicines.
Example: Abhayarishta, Ashokarista, Balarishta, Dasmularishta etc.
Asavas:
Asavas are prepared by the process of fermentation for a prescribed
time after mixing all the specified ingredients with required quantity
of unboiled water.
Asavas are a famous ancient medicinal preparation mentioned in the
vedas.
Example: Kumariasava, Chandanasava, Madhukasava,
Punarnavasava.
6. Method of Preparation
Mr. Rahul dev (Asst. Prof.)
Drugs are coarsely powdered & Kashay is prepared
Kept in the fermentation pot
Sugar, Jaggery or Honey are dissolved & added to
solution after filtration
Finely powdered other drugs (Prakshep dravya) are added
Filtration
Jaggery & Sugar are added to specific quantity of
water
Mixture is boiled & cooled
Poured into the fermentation pot
Finely powdered drugs are added to this liquid
Dhataki Pushpa (Dried flower of plant Woordfordia fructicosa) is added at the end
The mouth of the pot, vessel or barrel is covered with an earthen lid & the edges are sealed with clay
smeared cloth (7 layers)
The pot is placed undisturbed to ensure fermentation (Temperature is maintained)
After the specific period the lid is removed & the contents are examined to ascertain whether the process
of fermentation (Sandhana) is completed
The fluid is first decanted & then filtered after 2-3 days to settle particles
(During this period bubbling sound can be heard from pot because of releasing gas)
Asavas
Arishtas
7. STANDARDIZATION OF ASAVAS & ARISHTAS
Mr. Rahul dev (Asst. Prof.)
Ayurvedic parameters:
•Clear liquid without any forth
•Pleasant aromatic odour of alcohol.
•Should not have sour taste.
•No effervescence sound.
Another parameters:
•Viscosity
•Density
•Refractive index
•Polarity
•Total amount of alcohol the preparation hold is estimated.
•TLC, HPTLC etc.
8. GUTIKAS
Mr. Rahul dev (Asst. Prof.)
Gutika is one of the simple Ayurvedic medicines like pill or tablet.
Gutikas are available as medicated pills, prepared by combining the vegetables,
mineral or animal drug together.
Classical Ayurvedic text and Ayurvedic Formulary of India (AFI) can be used to
refer the formula for perticular Gutika.
Gutika is palatable and easy to consume, store and preserve.
Generally Gutika have 2 years of self life, when stored in airtight containers.
Some Bhasma or Mineral containing Gutika claims no expiry date.
Example: Chandraprabha Vati,
Arogyavardhini Vati,
Dugdha Vati,
Mritsanjivni gutika etc.
9. Method of Preparation Mr. Rahul dev (Asst. Prof.)
Plant material is dried and made into fine powder
Other minerals are made into Bhasma in fine powdered form (if mentioned)
In some cases, where mercury(Parada) & sulpher(Gandhaka) are mentioned Kajjali is made first and other
drugs are added to it, one by one
Mix the entire ingredients in mortal & pastel(Khalva). Triturate herb, bhashma or other ingredients
Mix prescribed fluid to above mentioned ingredients to form soft paste
When mass will convert into soft paste,additional aromatic & flavoring materials, perfume can
be added like Kasturi, Karpura
Take none sticky material while rolled to the fingers; make pills of required size by hand or pills
making machine or automatic tablet punching machine.
Dry the pill in shade or under sun according to requirement.
Add any other liquid mentioned, If any
Triturate more to mix all the ingredients
(*Kajjali is purified & consumable form of mercury & sulphur)
*Sugar or Jaggery or Guggulu(Commiphara mukul) or Babool(Acacia arabica) gum resin can be added as
binder . In this case, binder should be added in liquid and then mixing is carried out
10. STANDARDIZATION OF GUTIKA
Mr. Rahul dev (Asst. Prof.)
•Organoleptic parameters:
•Colour,
•Odour,
•Taste,
•Size,
•Shape.
•Pharmaceutical parameters:
•Hardness,
•Uniformity in wright,
•Friability test,
•Dissolution test,
•Disintegration test
•Physiochemical evaluation:
•Extractive value,
•pH,
• Ash value,
•Loss on drying
•Qualitative analysis:
•Alkaloid content,
•Glycoside content,
•Sugar content
•Chromatography:
•TLC or HPTLC for content
evaluation can be done.
11. Mr. Rahul dev (Asst. Prof.)
CHURNAS
According to Ayurvedic system of medicine, Churna is defined as, “A fine powder
of one or more”. Churnas are finely powdered drugs.
Churna formulation is similar to powder formulations in Allopathic system of
medicine.
Churna should be given with some other vehicle(called Anupan) like honey, milk
or sugar.
This make administration of Churna easy & increased palatability also enhances
therapeutic effect.
Example: Triphala Churna,
Trikatu Churna
Sitopaladi Churna
Kayam Churna
Lavan Bhaskar Churna etc.
12. Mr. Rahul dev (Asst. Prof.)
METHOD OF PREPARATION
Plant material is collected &
cleaned
Plan material is dried in shade or
sun according to specific
requirements
Dried material is pulverized and
then sieved through mesh 60 or 80
according to drug
Finally, it is stored in well closed
container on proper place
13. Mr. Rahul dev (Asst. Prof.)
STANDARDIZATION OF CHURNAS
1. Organoleptic evaluation
• Colour
• Odour
• Taste
2. Physical evaluation
• Loss of drying/moisture content
• Total ash
• Acid insoluble ash
• Water insoluble ash
• Extractive value in water, alcohol and other solvents
3. Phytochemical evaluation
• TLC
• Qualitative analysis
4. Microbial contamination
5. Microscopic analysis
6. Determination of sieve size
14. Mr. Rahul dev (Asst. Prof.)
LEHYAS
Lehya is also known as or Avaleh one of the several groups of Ayurvedic
formulation.
It is semi-solid drug product prepared by adding sugar, jaggery, or sugar candy
to the drug and further boiling with drug juice or decoction.
In some Lehya formulation, honey and ghee is also used as common ingredients.
Generally, Lehya is supposed to be taken with some vehicle like water, goat
milk, butter milk called as Anupan.
Example: Chyavanprash,
Draksavaleha,
Kutajavaleha,
Surnavaleha etc.
15. Mr. Rahul dev (Asst. Prof.)
METHOD OF PREPARATION
Sugar(or jaggery or sugar candy or honey) is dissolved into liquid medium
Concentrated till ‘Paka” stage( which means concentrated semi liquid will form into a
thread when pressed between two fingers)
Fine powder of drug is added into the mixture along with oil and ghee to get semi
solid form.
Additives added to increase potency(Prakshep dravya)
Honey is added.
It is stirred further to get the appropriate semi solid form.
Avaleha prepared
Liquids used in preparation my be decoction(Kashay)
or expressed juice (Swaras) or hot infusion(Phanta)
Cooled
Heated
16. Mr. Rahul dev (Asst. Prof.)
STANDARDIZATION
Traditional method:
•Can be lifted in a spoon as treacle.
•When pressed between fingers, show threadness when stretched.
•Sink in water without getting easily dissolved.
•Finger leaves impression on it.
Modern method:
•Organoleptic:
oColour
oOdour
oTaste
•Physical evaluation:
oLoss of drying
oTotal ash
oAcid soluble ash
opH
oTotal solid contents
oFat contents
•Microbial contamination:
oTotal bacterial count
oTotal fungal count
17. Mr. Rahul dev (Asst. Prof.)
BHASMA
Vibhuti (Sanskrit) and Thiruneeru(Tamil) are synonymous used for Bhasma.
Method for preparation is called “Bhasmikaran”.
Bhasmas are grey, whitish, yellowish or black coloured powdered form of
substances.
Bhasma is a calcinated preparation in which the gem or metal is converted into
ash after complete burning or incineration.
Gems or metal are first purified in order to remove impurities.
Then they are triturated with herbal extracts.
The resulted mass is calcinated or burned to obtain the ashes.
Example: Swarn bhasma,
Mukta bhasma,
Naga bhasma,
Tamra bhasma etc.
18. Mr. Rahul dev (Asst. Prof.)
METHOD OF PREPARATION
Sodhana (Purification)
Marana (Size reduction or Powdering)
Chalan (Stirring)
Dhavana (Washing)
Galan (Cleaning or Filtering)
Putan (Heating)
Mardan (Triturating with mixing)
Bhavana (Coating with herbal extract)
Amrutikaran (Detoxification)
Sandharan (Preservation)
19. Mr. Rahul dev (Asst. Prof.)
METHOD OF PREPARATION
Sodhana: (Remove unwanted part from the raw material & purification of metal).
Metals obtained from ores may contain several impurities, which are
removed by subjecting them to sodhana process.
Type of sodhana:
1.Samanya sodhana(General process)- It involves heating of metal &
successively dipping or quenching into liquids like oil, buttermilk, cow’s urine
while metal is red hot. The procedure is repeated 7 times or in certain cases
thousand times. After heating and cooling successively, metal starts to lose its
metallic properties.
2.Vishesh sodhana(Specific process)- for some specific metals a specific
process is described for Sodhana e.g. for purification of jasad(Zn), the molten mass
is poured in cow’s milk 21 times.
20. Mr. Rahul dev (Asst. Prof.)
METHOD OF PREPARATION
Marana: (incineration) means killing. In this step, there is change in the chemical
form or state of the metal. Because of this, metal lose its metallic characteristics
and physical nature.
After Marana, metal can be converted into powder or other form suitable
for administration. This step removes toxicity of metal used and make safe for
consumption.
Chalan: Iron rod from specific plant is used for stirring hot metal. This process of
stirring during heating the matel is called Chalan.
Dhavan: This step involves washing with water to remove the excess amounts of
agents used in Shodhana or Marana stage to remove water soluble constituents.
Galan: The product is then sifted either though a fine muslin cloth or through
sieves of suitable mesh so as to separate residual material larger in size.
Puttan: Ignition or heating in special earthen vessel or pot
21. Mr. Rahul dev (Asst. Prof.)
STANDARDIZATION
Traditional method: The final Bhasma is analyzed for quality by ancient
parameters like Colour(Roopa), Odour(Gandha), Taste(Rasa), Touch(Gandha) &
Smoke(Dhoom) described in Ayurvedic texts.
1. Fineness test(Rekhapurnata): A pinch of Bhasma is rubbed in
between thumb and index finger. It buries in the line of finger and very smooth
then this test is passed.
2.Floating test(Varitara): in this test rice grain is placed on the surface of
floating Bhasma. It is observed that, the rice grain still floats.
3.Niswadu: A pinch of Bhasma is tasted by the tongue and it should be
tasteless.
4.Nishchandrata: A pinch of Bhasma is taken and observed under bright
sunlight. There should not be shining particles in the bhasma.
5.Nirdhumatva: A pinch of bhasma is sprinkled on the ignited charcoal
and observed no fumes emerging out of it.
Modern method: TLC analysis, acid insoluble ash, X-ray diffraction analysis etc.