The responsibility of Member States to extradite individuals to third countries is generally within their jurisdiction. However, according to the ruling in Aleksei Petruhhin (Court of Justice, judgment of 6 September 2016, case C-182/15 [GC]), Member States must exercise this power in light of EU law, particularly when an extradition request may infringe on the fundamental rights of an EU citizen protected under the Treaties and the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. This is particularly relevant when an EU citizen has exercised their right to free movement by moving to another Member State. For instance, in the case of Petruhhin, an Estonian citizen who was residing in Latvia when Russia requested his extradition, the national law of Latvia did not extend the same level of protection against extradition to foreign citizens as it did to Latvian nationals. The Court of Justice deemed such extradition of an EU citizen to a third State generally prohibited under Art. 18 TFEU and only acceptable if prosecution in the home Member State is impossible. The case also confirms previous rulings that the extradition of an EU citizen is not permissible if their fundamental rights under the Charter are endangered in the requesting State. Such rights include the prohibition against torture and degrading treatment. Therefore, a rigorous verification of the level of protection of human rights in the related third State must be undertaken by the Member State before deciding whether to grant the extradition request.