Parts of speech

4. What is
language?
MSc. Julio Reyes

5. MSc. Julio Reyes
Language
It is a system of conventional spoken, manual (signed), or written
symbols by means of which human beings, as members of
a social group and participants in its culture, express themselves.
The functions of language include communication, the expression
of identity, play, imaginative expression, and emotional release.
Encyclopedia Britannica (2020).

6. MSc. Julio Reyes
Language
Es un sistema de simbolos convencionales orales, manuales
(señas), o escritos, por medio de los cuales los seres humanos,
como membros de un grupo social y participantes de su cultura,
se expresan.
Las funciones del lenguaje incluyen comunicación, la expression
de identidad, juego, expresión imaginativa, y descarga emocional.
Encyclopedia Britannica (2020).

7. MSc. Julio Reyes
Language

8. MSc. Julio Reyes

9. MSc. Julio Reyes

10. MSc. Julio Reyes

14. Santiago de Chile, 2021
PRECADET PREUNIVERSITARIO MILITAR
ENGLISH
MSC. JULIO REYES
PRONOUNS

15. MSc. Julio Reyes
Pronouns
Los pronombres son palabras que reemplazan
nombres o frases nominales que ya ha sido
mencionada o que ya es conocida, generalmente para
evitar la repetición.
For example:
 Kate was tired so she went to bed.
 Michael took the children with him.
 Kieran’s face was close to mine.

16. There are many types of pronouns,
such as:
Personal Pronouns.
Object Pronouns.
Possessive Pronouns
(dif. from possessive adjectives)
Reflexive Pronouns.
Relative Pronouns.
Demonstrative Pronouns
(dif. from demonstrative adjectives)

17. MSc. Julio Reyes
PERSONAL PRONOUNS
Los pronombres personales en inglés son también
conocidos como pronombres personales sujetos o
nominales. Son aquellos que refieren a las personas
gramaticales.
I
YOU
HE
SHE
IT
WE
YOU
THEY
Examples:
 I live in Santiago.
 He flies a plane.
1ra persona singular
2da persona singular
3ras personas singular
3ras personas plural

18. MSc. Julio Reyes
OBJECT PRONOUNS
Los pronombres objeto en inglés, también conocidos como
pronombres personales complemento, actúan como el
objeto del verbo y/o preposiciones. Son ubicados en la
posición de objeto en las oraciones.
ME
YOU
HIM
HER
IT
US
YOU
THEM
Examples:
 I told him to travel with us.
 She goes to Paris with them.
1ra persona singular
2da persona singular
3ras personas singular
3ras personas plural

19. MSc. Julio Reyes
POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS
Los pronombres posesivos en inglés son utilizados para
expresar posesión. Los mismos son generalmente ubicados
en la posición de objeto en las oraciones.
MINE
YOURS
HIS
HERS
ITS
OURS
YOURS
THEIRS
Examples:
 This plane is mine.
 That flight was ours.
1ra persona singular
2da persona singular
3ras personas singular
3ras personas plural

20. MSc. Julio Reyes
POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES
Los adjetivos posesivos, similar a los pronombres posesivos,
son utilizados para expresar posesión. Sin embargo, los
adjetivos son ubicados antes del sustantivo al cual califican
como posesión.
MY
YOUR
HIS
HER
ITS
OUR
YOUR
THEIR
Examples:
 My car is very fast.
 Peter is very happy, because his daughter is coming.
1ra persona singular
2da persona singular
3ras personas singular
3ras personas plural

21. MSc. Julio Reyes
REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS
Los pronombres reflexivos se usan para referirse al sujeto o
bien para dar énfasis a la expresión. Se forman agregando
el sufijo self (mismo) al adjetivo posesivo singular y selves
(mismos) al plural:
MYSELF
YOURSELF
HIMSELF
HERSELF
ITSELF
OURSELVES
YOURSELVES
THEMSELVES
Examples:
 I fell and hurt myself.
 She cooked the food by herself.
1ra persona singular
2da persona singular
3ras personas singular
3ras personas plural

22. RELATIVE PRONOUNS
Los pronombres relativos se usan para referirnos a un
sustantivo (persona o cosa) mencionado antes y al que
queremos agregar más información o modificar. Algunos se
pueden usar sólo con personas, otros sólo con cosas y
algunos con ambos.
WHO (PERSON)
WHICH (THING)
WHOSE (PERSON - POSSESSION)
WHOM (PERSON)
WHERE (THING - PLACE)
WHEN (TIME)
WHAT (THE THING)
WHY (REASON)
THAT (PERSON, THING)
Examples:
 Mary, who came here last year, is the new captain.
 This is the book that won the Pulitzer prize last year.

23. MSc. Julio Reyes
DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS
Los pronombres demostrativos se utilizan para señalar a
personas, animales o cosas específicas. Son seguidos
generalmente de un verbo, o se ubican en posición de
objeto de la oración.
THIS (SINGULAR - NEAR)
THAT (SINGULAR - FAR)
THESE (PLURAL - NEAR)
THOSE (PLURAL - FAR)
Examples:
 This is an apple. Those are boys.
 I bought those yesterday.
Note: Estas mismas palabras son usadas como adjetivos demostrativos cuando
modifican (preceden) a un nombre o pronombre, ej: “this apple is red”, “those girls are
in my class”

27. Exercise 1: Read the next sentences carefully and identify the type of pronouns.
1. The plane took off before the scheduled time, so I lost the flight. That caused me many problems
with my job.
2. For many pilots, flying for the airlines is their ultimate dream.
3. How do I become a commercial pilot?
4. Before signing on any kind of commercial pilot training, you should try to get a medical prognosis,
which is necessary for anyone wishing to train for a commercial or airline transport pilot licence.
5. Paying for your professional flight training is one of the most expensive investments you’ll ever
make.
6. Because I was late to the airport, my girlfriend and me missed the flight.
7. As a result of their hard study for the test, they passed it.
8. Usually she likes to travel to Paris on vacation by herself.
9. Although we stayed up late, we went to school at 7:00 a.m.
10. I told my parents to take a voyage to Europe; they told me to afford it by myself if I want to
spend more time with them over there.

30. She
you me
you me
He
He he her
he
you me
you
She
You
She
you me
you
you
you
You her
You
she
you
you me
you me
you me
you me
you me
you me
you me

32. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v9fCKTwytJA