Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is one of the most important crops in the human food basket worldwide. It is a highly nutritious pulse crop with low digestible carbohydrates, protein, essential fats, fiber, and a range of minerals and vitamins. As the human population grows, the demand for this protein source increases and various approaches to its sustainable products are being developed. Autumn cultivation of chickpea in cold regions requires the introduction of cultivars tolerant to freezing stress. The ability of plants to overwinter depends on the biochemical and physiological responses induced by their cold acclimation duration. Cold acclimation mechanisms in the plant are a fundamental reason for plant tolerance increase in autumn cultivation. Hence, investigating the mentioned traits can help identify cold-tolerant genotypes. Identifying attributes that provide a suitable description of the diversity between genotypes is critical through canonical correlation analysis, cluster analysis, and determining the genetic distance.

1. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research
Homepage: https://jcesc.um.ac.ir
Research Article
Vol. 22, No. 1, Spring 2024, p. 15-30
Correlation Coefficients and Factor Analysis for Morpho-physiological and
Biochemical Attributes Affecting the Yield and Yield Components of Desi-type
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Genotypes
1
J. Nabati 1*
, A. R. Hasanfard 2
, A. Nezami 3
, M. Zare Mehrjerdi4
1- Assistant Professor, Crop Physiology, Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University
of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
2- Ph.D. in Weed Science, Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad,
Iran
3- Professor, Crop Physiology, Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of
Mashhad, Iran
4- Assistant Professor, Biotechnology, Agriculture Faculty of Shirvan, University of Bojnord, Bojnord, Iran
(*- Corresponding Author Email: jafarnabati@um.ac.ir)
Received: 31 December 2022
Revised: 11 February 2023
Accepted: 30 April 2023
Available Online: 30 April 2023
How to cite this article:
Nabati, J., Hasanfard, A. R., Nezami, A., & Zare Mehrjerdi, M. (2024). Correlation
Coefficients and Factor Analysis for Morpho-physiological and Biochemical Attributes
Affecting the Yield and Yield Components of Desi-type Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
Genotypes. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 22(1), 15-30. (in Persian with
English abstract). https://doi.org/10.22067/jcesc.2023.80332.1214
Introduction
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is one of the most important crops in the human food basket worldwide. It is a
highly nutritious pulse crop with low digestible carbohydrates, protein, essential fats, fiber, and a range of
minerals and vitamins. As the human population grows, the demand for this protein source increases and various
approaches to its sustainable products are being developed. Autumn cultivation of chickpea in cold regions
requires the introduction of cultivars tolerant to freezing stress. The ability of plants to overwinter depends on
the biochemical and physiological responses induced by their cold acclimation duration. Cold acclimation
mechanisms in the plant are a fundamental reason for plant tolerance increase in autumn cultivation. Hence,
investigating the mentioned traits can help identify cold-tolerant genotypes. Identifying attributes that provide a
suitable description of the diversity between genotypes is critical through canonical correlation analysis, cluster
analysis, and determining the genetic distance.
Materials and Methods
This experiment was conducted during the 2017-18 growing season in the research field of Ferdowsi
University of Mashhad, Iran (Lat 36° 15′ N, Long 59° 28 E; 985 m Altitude). Chickpea germplasm, including 29
Desi-type chickpea genotypes and one cold tolerant cultivar (cv. Saral), was studied in terms of morpho-
physiological and biochemical attributes and their relationship with yield and yield components. Chickpea seeds
were provided from the Mashhad chickpea collection at the Research Center for Plant Science. Following
seedbed preparation by ridge tillage in October 2017, chickpea seeds were sown with a density of 40 plant m-2
.
Irrigation was conducted three times during the growth period: immediately after sowing, two weeks after the
first irrigation and flowering stage. Hand-weeding was done three times during the growth stage in early March,
early April, and early May. Data were analyzed using the SAS 9.4 software, and the mean comparison was
©2024 The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution
4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and
reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s)
and the source.
https://doi.org/10.22067/jcesc.2023.80332.1214

2. 16
‫ﺟﻠﺪ‬ ،‫اﯾﺮان‬ ‫زراﻋﯽ‬ ‫ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻬﺎي‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺮﯾﻪ‬
22
‫ﺷﻤﺎره‬ ،
1
،
‫ﺑﻬﺎر‬
1403
performed by the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at a 5% probability level. Statistica software also
performed a cluster analysis (based on Euclidean distance) and principal component analysis (PCA).
Results and Discussion
Evaluating the morpho-physiological performance of chickpea genotypes is valuable for breeding programs
that integrate chickpea cold tolerance. Based on Pearson's correlation coefficient results, a significant positive
correlation was observed between the survival of chickpea germplasm with seed yield and biological yield. Also,
a significant negative correlation between survival with photosynthesis pigment content and Fv'/Fm' revealed a
high relationship between these parameters. Traits with the highest canonical discriminate coefficients had the
best effect on the diversity across the studied genotypes. Based on the factor analysis results, the first factor with
22.8%, and the second with 12.1% explained the most differences. In the first factor, the most critical traits with
a positive charge are Fv'/Fm', the total content of photosynthetic pigments, starch, the number of fertile pods,
and the number of seeds, and the critical trait with a negative charge was the survival. The genotypes of the five
cluster analysis groups had a higher mean in 54% of the traits compared to the total mean. The crossing of
genotypes of group one due to higher survival and seed yield and genotypes of group five due to plant height and
first pod height (compared to the total mean), which also have a considerable genetic distance, can lead to the
release of new varieties. Also, the genotypes of the three cluster analysis groups (MCC32, MCC34, MCC155,
MCC194, MCC199, and MCC291) have high-priority traits for selection by breeders and can be used in
breeding programs for autumn cultivation.
Conclusion
According to the results of the present study, selection for successful overwintering of desi-type chickpea
genotypes in cold regions is recommended based on the mentioned characteristics in breeding programs. The
group three chickpea genotypes of cluster analysis (MCC32, MCC34, MCC155, MCC194, MCC199, and
MCC291) and morpho-physiological and biochemical attributes affecting the yield and yield components
determined from this study may be helpful for genetic engineering and breeding programs that integrate chickpea
cold tolerance.
Keywords: Autumn planting, Cluster analysis, Germplasm, Photosynthetic pigments, Survival

3. ‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻧﺒﺎﺗﯽ‬
،
‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ‬ ‫ﺿﺮاﯾﺐ‬
‫ﺑﯿﻮﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺎت‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫ﻣﺆﺛﺮ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬
...
17
‫ﻧﺸﺮﯾﻪ‬
‫ﭘ‬
‫اﯾﺮان‬ ‫زراﻋﯽ‬ ‫ﮋوﻫﺸﻬﺎي‬
Homepage: https://jcesc.um.ac.ir
‫ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺟﻠﺪ‬
22
‫ﺷﻤﺎره‬ ،
1
‫ﺑﻬﺎر‬ ،
1403
‫ص‬ ،
30
-
15
‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ‬ ‫ﺿﺮاﯾﺐ‬
‫ﺑﯿﻮﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺎت‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫ﻣﺆﺛﺮ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬
‫ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫اﺟﺰاي‬ ‫و‬
) ‫ﻧﺨﻮد‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬
Cicer arietinum L.
‫دﺳﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﯿﭗ‬ (
‫ﻧﺒﺎﺗﯽ‬ ‫ﺟﻌﻔﺮ‬
1
*
‫ﻓﺮد‬ ‫ﺣﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯿﺮﺿﺎ‬ ،
2
‫ﻧﻈﺎﻣﯽ‬ ‫اﺣﻤﺪ‬ ،
3
‫ﻣﻬﺮﺟﺮدي‬ ‫زارع‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬ ،
4
‫ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ‬
:‫درﯾﺎﻓﺖ‬
10
/
10
/
1401
:‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮش‬ ‫ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ‬
10
/
02
/
1402
‫ﭼﮑﯿﺪه‬
‫ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻮع‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻒ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺎﺗﯽ‬ ‫ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ‬
‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫اراﺋﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺷﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ‬ ،‫ﮐﺎﻧﻮﻧﯿﮑﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺨﯿﺺ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﯾﻖ‬ ‫از‬ ‫دﻫﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻓﺎﺻـﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﯿـﯿﻦ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اي‬
‫اﻣﮑﺎن‬ ‫ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ‬
،‫راﺳﺘﺎ‬ ‫درﻫﻤﯿﻦ‬ .‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮ‬
29
‫ژﻧﻮﺗ‬
‫ﯿﭗ‬
‫ﻧﺨﻮد‬
‫ﺗﯿﭗ‬
‫دﺳ‬
‫ﯽ‬
‫و‬
‫ﯾﮏ‬
‫ﺗ‬ ‫رﻗﻢ‬
‫ﯿﭗ‬
‫ﮐﺎﺑﻠﯽ‬
(‫)ﺳـﺎرال‬
‫و‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻮﺷـﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژﯾـﮏ‬ ‫ﺻـﻔﺎت‬ ‫ازﻧﻈـﺮ‬
‫آن‬ ‫ارﺗﺒﺎط‬
‫زراﻋـﯽ‬ ‫ﺳـﺎل‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻬﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﺮدوﺳﯽ‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮕﺎه‬ ‫ﮐﺸﺎورزي‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮑﺪه‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎﺗﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫اﺟﺰاي‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬
97
-
1396
‫ﻗـﺮار‬ ‫ارزﯾـﺎﺑﯽ‬ ‫ﻣـﻮرد‬
‫ژرم‬ ‫ﺑﻘﺎي‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ .‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺨﻮد‬ ‫ﭘﻼﺳﻢ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﻃﻮر‬
‫ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫داري‬
‫رﻧﮓ‬
‫داﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫ﻓﺘﻮﺳﯿﺴـﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﮐـﺎراﯾﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻮﺳﻨﺘﺰي‬
II
)
Fv′/Fm′
‫ﺑـﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻔـﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺒﺴـﺘﮕﯽ‬ (
‫زﯾﺴﺖ‬ ‫و‬ ‫داﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬
‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ‬ ‫اﺳﺎس‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ .‫داﺷﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻮده‬
‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫اول‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‬ ،‫ﻫﺎ‬
8
/
22
‫ﺑـﺎ‬ ‫دوم‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣـﻞ‬ ‫و‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬
1
/
12
‫ﺑﯿﺶ‬ ‫درﺻـﺪ‬
‫ﺗـﺮﯾﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻬﻢ‬ ،‫اول‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫در‬ .‫ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﯿﻪ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات‬
‫ﻣﺜ‬ ‫ﺑﺎر‬ ‫داراي‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﺮﯾﻦ‬
‫از‬ ‫ﺑﻮدﻧـﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎرت‬ ‫ﺒﺖ‬
Fv′/Fm′
،
‫ﻣﺤﺘـﻮاي‬
‫ﮐـﻞ‬
‫رﻧﮓ‬
‫داﻧـﻪ‬
‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫ﻣﺤﺘـﻮاي‬ ،‫ﻓﺘﻮﺳـﻨﺘﺰي‬
‫ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ‬ .‫ﺑـﻮد‬ ‫ﺑﻘﺎ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻔﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺎر‬ ‫داراي‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺖ‬ ‫و‬ ‫داﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﺎرور‬ ‫ﻏﻼف‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬ ،‫ﻧﺸﺎﺳﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺷـﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺰﯾـﻪ‬ ‫ﭘـﻨﺞ‬ ‫ﮔـﺮوه‬ ‫ﻫـﺎي‬
‫در‬ ‫اي‬
54
،‫ﺻـﻔﺎت‬ ‫از‬ ‫درﺻـﺪ‬
‫ژﻧﻮﺗ‬ ‫ﺗﻼﻗﯽ‬ .‫داﺷﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﮐﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮي‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ‬
‫ﯿﭗ‬
‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﮔﺮوه‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫ﺑﻘﺎي‬
‫ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫و‬ ‫زﻣﺴﺘﺎﻧﻪ‬
‫ﭘـﻨﺞ‬ ‫ﮔـﺮوه‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺰ‬ ‫زﯾﺎدي‬ ‫ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ (‫ﮐﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ‬ ‫)در‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻏﻼف‬ ‫اوﻟﯿﻦ‬ ‫ارﺗﻔﺎع‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺗﻪ‬ ‫ارﺗﻔﺎع‬ ‫ﻋﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺑـﺎ‬ ‫ارﻗـﺎﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓـﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ‬
‫و‬ ‫ﭘﺎﯾﯿﺰه‬ ‫ﮐﺸﺖ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬
‫ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ‬ ،‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ‬ .‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯿﺰه‬ ‫ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺷﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﺮوه‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬
) ‫اي‬
MCC32
،
MCC34
،
MCC155
،
MCC194
،
MCC199
‫و‬
MCC291
‫اﺻـﻼح‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﮔﺰﯾﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻ‬ ‫اوﻟﻮﯾﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺎت‬ ،(
‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫داﺷـﺘﻪ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﮔﺮان‬
‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣـﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻧﻨـﺪ‬
‫ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫ﺑـﺮاي‬ ‫ﻧﮋادي‬
.‫ﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬ ‫ﻣﻮردﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﯾﯿﺰه‬ ‫ﮐﺸﺖ‬
‫واژه‬
:‫ﮐﻠﯿﺪي‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬
،‫ﺑﻘﺎ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺷﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ‬
‫رﻧﮓ‬ ،‫اي‬
‫داﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫ژرم‬ ،‫ﻓﺘﻮﺳﻨﺘﺰي‬
‫ﭘﺎﯾﯿﺰه‬ ‫ﮐﺸﺖ‬ ،‫ﭘﻼﺳﻢ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬
1
‫ﻧﺨﻮد‬
)
Cicer arietinum L.
(
‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﯽ‬
‫از‬
،‫ـﯽ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﭼﺮﺑ‬ ،‫ـﺮوﺗﺌﯿﻦ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﭘ‬
‫ﻓﯿﺒﺮ‬
‫و‬
‫ﮐﺮﺑﻮﻫﯿﺪرات‬
‫ﻫﺎ‬
‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﮐ‬ ‫ـﺖ‬
‫ـ‬‫اﺳ‬
‫در‬
‫ـﺮ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺳﺮاﺳ‬
‫ـﺎن‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺟﻬ‬
‫ـﺮف‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻣﺼ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﯽ‬
‫ـﻮد‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺷ‬
)
, 2022
Grasso, Lynch, Arendt, & O'Mahony
(
.
‫ـﺮ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ـﻼوه‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻋ‬
1
-
،‫زراﻋﯽ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن‬ ‫ﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژي‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎدﯾﺎر‬
‫اﮔﺮوﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟـﻮژ‬ ‫ﮔﺮوه‬
‫ي‬
،
‫ﮐﺸـﺎورز‬ ‫داﻧﺸـﮑﺪه‬
‫ي‬
،
‫ﻓﺮدوﺳ‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮕﺎه‬
‫ﯽ‬
‫ا‬ ،‫ﻣﺸﻬﺪ‬
‫ﯾ‬
‫ﺮان‬
2
-
‫ﻋﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮم‬ ‫دﮐﺘﺮي‬
،‫ﻫﺮز‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫اﮔﺮوﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮژ‬ ‫ﮔﺮوه‬
‫ي‬
،
‫ﮐﺸﺎورز‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮑﺪه‬
‫ي‬
،
‫داﻧﺸـﮕﺎه‬
‫ﻓﺮدوﺳ‬
‫ﯽ‬
‫ا‬ ،‫ﻣﺸﻬﺪ‬
‫ﯾ‬
‫ﺮان‬
3
-
،‫زراﻋـﯽ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن‬ ‫ﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژي‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎد‬
‫اﮔﺮوﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟـﻮژ‬ ‫ﮔـﺮوه‬
‫ي‬
،
‫ﮐﺸـﺎورز‬ ‫داﻧﺸـﮑﺪه‬
‫ي‬
،
‫ﻓﺮدوﺳ‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮕﺎه‬
‫ﯽ‬
‫ا‬ ،‫ﻣﺸﻬﺪ‬
‫ﯾ‬
‫ﺮان‬
4
-
‫اﺳﺘﺎد‬
‫ﯾ‬
‫ﺎر‬
‫ﺑ‬
‫ﯿ‬
‫ﻮﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮژ‬
‫ي‬
‫داﻧﺸﮑﺪه‬ ،
‫ﮐﺸﺎورز‬
‫ي‬
‫ﺷ‬
‫ﯿ‬
‫ﺮوان‬
-
،‫ﺑﺠﻨـﻮرد‬ ،‫ﺑﺠﻨـﻮرد‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮕﺎه‬
‫ا‬
‫ﯾ‬
‫ﺮان‬
*)
-
:‫ﻣﺴﺌﻮل‬ ‫ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻨﺪه‬
Email: jafarnabati@um.ac.ir
(
https://doi.org/10.22067/jcesc.2023.80332.1214
‫ﻧﻘﺶ‬ ‫ﻧﺨﻮد‬ ،‫اﯾﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺆﺛﺮ‬
‫و‬ ‫ﺧﺎك‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺻﻠﺨﯿﺰي‬ ،‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن‬ ‫زﯾﺴﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺜﺒﯿﺖ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ي‬
‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫اﯾﻔﺎ‬ ‫دام‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻠﯿﻒ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ‬
‫ﮐﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬
‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫آن‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ‬ ‫وﯾﮋه‬ ‫اﻫﻤﯿﺖ‬
‫ـﺪ‬
‫ـ‬‫اﻓﺰاﯾ‬
)
Jukanti, Gaur, Gowda, & Chibbar, 2012
.(
‫ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ‬
78
‫ـﺪ‬
‫ـ‬‫درﺻ‬
‫ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮل‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫از‬
‫ﮐﻢ‬
‫درآﻣﺪ‬
‫ـﺎ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫و‬
‫ـﻮد‬
‫ـ‬‫ﮐﻤﺒ‬
‫ـﻮاد‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ـﺬاﯾﯽ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻏ‬
)
FAOSTAT, 2020
‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫آن‬ ‫وﯾﮋه‬ ‫ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎه‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺣﺎﮐﯽ‬ (
‫ـﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻦ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮان‬
.‫ـﺖ‬
‫ـ‬‫اﺳ‬ ‫ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ‬ ‫اﻣﻨﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﻣﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫ﮔﺰﯾﻨﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺣﯿﻮاﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ‬
‫ـﺮه‬
‫ـ‬‫زﻣ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ـﺎن‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺟﻬ‬ ‫ﻧﺨﻮد‬ ‫از‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫دو‬ ‫ﺣﺪود‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺰ‬ ‫اﯾﺮان‬
‫ﺑﺰرگ‬
‫ـﺮ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺗ‬
‫ﯾﻦ‬
) ‫ـﺖ‬
‫ـ‬‫اﺳ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮل‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن‬
FAOSTAT, 2020
.(
‫ﺳﺎل‬ ‫در‬
2020
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺨﻮد‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ‬ ،
15
‫ـﺎن‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻣﯿ‬ ‫ـﻦ‬
‫ـ‬‫اﯾ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﮐ‬ ‫رﺳﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﻠﯿﻮن‬
‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫آﺳﯿﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎي‬
86
‫ﺧﻮد‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫را‬ ‫اول‬ ‫رﺗﺒﻪ‬ ،‫ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﮐﻞ‬ ‫از‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬
) ‫دادﻧﺪ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﺼﺎص‬
FAOSTAT, 2020
.(
،‫ـﮏ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژﯾ‬ ‫ـﺪﻫﺎي‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻓﺮآﯾﻨ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺑﺴﯿﺎري‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن‬ ‫رﺷﺪي‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺳﺦ‬
‫ـﻮﻟﯽ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻣﻮﻟﮑ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ـﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑﯿﻮﺷ‬
‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﻨﺘــﺮل‬
‫دراﯾﻦ‬ .‫ـﻮد‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺷ‬
‫ﺷــﺎﺧﺺ‬ ،‫ـﯿﻦ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬
‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﺎزي‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺎدﻻت‬
‫ﻋﻨﻮان‬
‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ـﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﮐﻠﯿﺪي‬ ‫ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ‬
‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﮐ‬ ‫ـﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺷ‬
‫ﻃﻮر‬

4. 18
‫ﺟﻠﺪ‬ ،‫اﯾﺮان‬ ‫زراﻋﯽ‬ ‫ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻬﺎي‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺮﯾﻪ‬
22
‫ﺷﻤﺎره‬ ،
1
،
‫ﺑﻬﺎر‬
1403
‫ـﻞ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻗﺎﺑ‬
) ‫ـﺪ‬
‫ـ‬‫دارﻧ‬ ‫ـﺶ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻧﻘ‬ ‫ـﺎن‬
‫ـ‬‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫ‬ ‫ـﻌﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺗﻮﺳ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ـﺪ‬
‫ـ‬‫رﺷ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻬﯽ‬
Ashraf &
Harris, 2013
‫ﻓﺘﻮﺳﻨﺘﺰ‬ .(
‫ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻨﻮان‬
‫ـﻢ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻣﻬ‬ ‫ـﺎﻫﯽ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﮔﯿ‬ ‫ـﺪﻫﺎي‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻓﺮآﯾﻨ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﯾﮑﯽ‬
‫ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺷﺪت‬
‫ﻣﺘﺄﺛﺮ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات‬ ‫از‬
‫ـﺖ؛‬
‫ـ‬‫اﺳ‬ ‫ـﯽ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺤﯿﻄ‬
‫ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻃﻮر‬
‫ي‬
‫در‬ ‫ـﺪودﯾﺖ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻣﺤ‬ ‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﮐ‬
‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬ ‫ـﺖ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻋﻠ‬ ‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ـﻨﺘﺰ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻓﺘﻮﺳ‬
‫ـﯿﻮن‬
‫ـ‬‫آﺳﯿﻤﯿﻼﺳ‬ ‫ـﺎﻫﺶ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﮐ‬ ‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ـﯽ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻣﺤﯿﻄ‬ ‫ـﺎي‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻫ‬
‫دي‬
‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺠــﺮ‬ ‫ﮔﯿــﺎه‬ ‫در‬ ‫اﮐﺴــﯿﺪﮐﺮﺑﻦ‬
‫و‬ ‫ﺷــﻮد‬
‫درﻧﺘ‬
‫ﻣﺤــﺪودﯾﺖ‬ ‫ﯿﺠــﻪ‬
‫ﻓﺮآورده‬
‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن‬ ‫ﻧﻬﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫و‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ،‫ﻓﺘﻮﺳﻨﺘﺰي‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫ـﺪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﯾﺎﺑ‬
)
Bishop & Bugbee, 1998
Ashraf & Harris, 2013;
(
‫؛‬
‫ﻣﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﯾﮑﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ‬
‫ﺗﻌ‬
‫ﯿﯿﻦ‬
‫ـﺪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨ‬ ‫ـﺎﻧﯽ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫ‬ ‫ـﺮد‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ـﺪه‬
‫ـ‬‫ﮐﻨﻨ‬
‫ﯾﺦ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺎﺳﯿﺖ‬ ،‫ﭘﺎﯾﯿﺰه‬ ‫ﻧﺨﻮد‬
‫و‬ ‫زدﮔﯽ‬
‫درﻧﺘ‬
‫دﺳﺘﮕﺎه‬ ‫در‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻼل‬ ‫ﯿﺠﻪ‬
‫ـﺖ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺗﺜﺒﯿ‬ ‫ـﺎراﯾﯽ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﮐ‬ ‫ـﺎﻫﺶ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﮐ‬ ‫ـﺎ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫آن‬ ‫ـﺐ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻗ‬ ‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﮐ‬ ‫ـﺖ‬
‫ـ‬‫اﺳ‬ ‫ـﺎه‬
‫ـ‬‫ﮔﯿ‬ ‫ـﻨﺘﺰي‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻓﺘﻮﺳ‬
‫دي‬
) ‫ﺑﻮد‬ ‫ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺮاه‬ ‫اﮐﺴﯿﺪﮐﺮﺑﻦ‬
Nabati, Hasanfard, Nezami,
, 2021
Lahijani, & Boroumand Rezazadeh
‐
Ahmadi
.(
‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫روزﻧ‬ ‫ـﺪاﯾﺖ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻫ‬ ،‫ـﺮق‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺗﻌ‬ ‫ـﺰان‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻣﯿ‬ ،‫ﻓﺘﻮﺳﻨﺘﺰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺎﺗﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ‬
‫و‬ ‫اي‬
‫روزﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ‬
‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺰان‬ ‫ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫اي‬
‫ﻣﺆﺛﺮ‬
‫ـﯽ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﯾﮑ‬ .‫اﺳﺖ‬
‫ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ‬ ‫از‬
‫ﻣﺤﺪودﮐﻨﻨﺪه‬
‫ر‬ ‫ـﻞ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻋﻮاﻣ‬ ،‫ﻓﺘﻮﺳﻨﺘﺰ‬
‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫وزﻧ‬
‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﮐ‬ ‫ـﺖ‬
‫ـ‬‫اﺳ‬ ‫ـﺎن‬
‫ـ‬‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫ‬ ‫اي‬
‫درﻧﺘ‬
‫روزﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺪاﯾﺖ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﯿﺠﻪ‬
‫دي‬ ‫ـﺎر‬
‫ـ‬‫اﻧﺘﺸ‬ ،‫اي‬
‫ـﺎي‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻓﻀ‬ ‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ـﯿﺪﮐﺮﺑﻦ‬
‫ـ‬‫اﮐﺴ‬
‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬
‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻮﻟﯽ‬
‫ـﺖ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺗﺜﺒﯿ‬ ‫ـﺪ‬
‫ـ‬‫روﻧ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ـﺘﻼل‬
‫ـ‬‫اﺧ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﯿﻦ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾﺎﺑﺪ‬
‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻮﺳﻨﺘﺰ‬ ‫ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮐﺮﺑﻦ‬
) ‫ـﻮد‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺷ‬
Ouyang, Struik, Yin, &
Yang, 2017
‫ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻮرﺳﺎﻧﺲ‬ ‫ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ‬ .(
‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬
‫ﻋﻨﻮان‬
‫و‬ ‫ـﺮﯾﻊ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺳ‬ ،‫ـﺞ‬
‫ـ‬‫راﯾ‬ ‫روش‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬
‫ﻏ‬
‫ﯿﺮ‬
‫ﺗﺨﺮ‬
‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ـﯽ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﯾﺒ‬
‫ـﺮات‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺗﻐﯿﯿ‬ ‫ـﺨﯿﺺ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺗﺸ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮر‬
‫ﯾﺦ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻮﺳﻨﺘﺰ‬ ‫دﺳﺘﮕﺎه‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬
‫ـﺰان‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻣﯿ‬ ‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﮐ‬ ‫ـﺖ‬
‫ـ‬‫اﺳ‬ ‫ـﯽ‬
‫ـ‬‫زدﮔ‬
‫ﻓﺘﻮﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺧﺴﺎرت‬
II
‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ‬ ‫را‬
) ‫ﮐﻨﺪ‬
Hasanfard, Rastgoo,
2021
mi, & Chauhan,
Darbandi, Neza
.(
‫آب‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺘﻮي‬
1
‫ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﯾﮑﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺮگ‬
‫ـﺆﺛﺮ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ـﺮد‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑ‬ ‫ـﯿﻦ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺗﻌﯿ‬ ‫در‬
) ‫اﺳــﺖ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫــﺎن‬
Colom & Vazzana, 2003
‫ﭘﮋوﻫﺸــﮕﺮان‬ .(
‫ﻣﻌﻨﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ‬
‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫داري‬
‫ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي‬
‫ﻧﺴﺒﯽ‬
‫آب‬
‫ـﻞ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻋﻮاﻣ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ـﺮگ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻮرﺳﺎﻧﺲ‬
‫ﻟﻮﺑ‬
) ‫ـﯽ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﭼﯿﺘ‬ ‫ـﺎ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﯿ‬
Phaseolus vulgaris
L.
) ‫ـﺪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﮐﺮدﻧ‬ ‫ـﺰارش‬
‫ـ‬‫ﮔ‬ (
Soheili movahhed, Esmaeili, Jabbari,
Khorramdel, & Fouladi, 2017
‫ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ‬ ‫اﺳﺎس‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ .(
‫ﭘﯿﺸﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫آب‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺮف‬ ‫ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ‬
‫ﮔ‬ ‫ـﺮد‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑ‬ ‫ـﯿﻦ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺗﻌﯿ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻤﯽ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮان‬
‫ـﺎن‬
‫ـ‬‫ﯿﺎﻫ‬
‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﮐ‬ ‫ـﺖ‬
‫ـ‬‫اﺳ‬ ‫زراﻋﯽ‬
‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻣﺆﻟﻔ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ـﺪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺗﻮاﻧ‬
‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ـﺎن‬
‫ـ‬‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫ‬ ‫ـﻞ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺗﺤﻤ‬ ‫ـﯿﻦ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺗﻌﯿ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬
) ‫ـﻮد‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺷ‬ ‫ـﯽ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓ‬ ‫ـﯽ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻣﺤﯿﻄ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬
Navarrete-Campos, Bravo,
Rubilar, Emhart, & Sanhueza, 2013
.(
‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ـﺎوﺗﯽ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻣﺘﻔ‬ ‫ـﻨﺶ‬
‫ـ‬‫واﮐ‬ ،‫ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻮاﺟﻬﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن‬
‫ﺑﯿ‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد‬ ‫اﻧﺒﺎﺷﺖ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ‬
‫ـﺪرات‬
‫ـ‬‫ﮐﺮﺑﻮﻫﯿ‬ ‫ـﻞ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻗﺒﯿ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ـﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻮﺷ‬
،‫ـﻮل‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻣﺤﻠ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬
.‫دارﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﯿﻦ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﺳﺘﻪ‬
‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬
‫اﯾﻦ‬
ً‫ﺎ‬‫ـ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ‬
‫ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ‬
‫در‬ ‫ـﻞ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻣﺘﺤﻤ‬ ‫ـﺎي‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻫ‬
‫ـﻨﺶ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ‬
‫ـﺪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺗﻮﻟﯿ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ـﺪه‬
‫ـ‬‫ﯾﺎدﺷ‬ ‫ـﻮاد‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ـﺎﻻﯾﯽ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ـﺖ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻏﻠﻈ‬ ‫ـﯽ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻣﺤﯿﻄ‬ ‫زاي‬
‫ﻣﯽ‬
‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ـﺎه‬
‫ـ‬‫ﮔﯿ‬ ‫ـﻤﺰي‬
‫ـ‬‫اﺳ‬ ‫ـﯿﻞ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‬
‫ـﺖ‬
‫ـ‬‫درﻧﻬﺎﯾ‬ .‫ـﻮد‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺷ‬
‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻮﺳﻨﺘﺰي‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ‬
‫ـﺰ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻧﯿ‬ ‫ـﺎه‬
‫ـ‬‫ﮔﯿ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬
1- Relative Water Content (RWC)
‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﮐﻤﺘﺮ‬
‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬
‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬
) ‫ﮔﯿﺮد‬
Morgan, Rodriguez-Maribona,
& Knights, 1991
.(
‫ـﺮاﯾﻂ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫اﺟﺰاي‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻫﻤﻮاره‬
‫ارﺗﻔﺎع‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻋﯽ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬ ‫ﻗﺒﯿﻞ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ‬ ‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت‬ ،‫ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ‬
‫ﺑﻮﺗﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻮردﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬
) ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬
Farooq et al., 2017
‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ .(
‫ﺑﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺎﺳﯿﺖ‬
‫ـﻼف‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻏ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ـﻞ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﮔ‬ ‫ـﺪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺗﻮﻟﯿ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ـﯽ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻣﺤﯿﻄ‬ ‫ـﺎﻋﺪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻧﺎﻣﺴ‬ ‫ـﺮاﯾﻂ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ،‫ﻧﺨﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺣﺒﻮﺑﺎﺗﯽ‬
‫ـﻨﺘﺰي‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻓﺘﻮﺳ‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺿﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻮﺳﻨﺘﺰ‬ ‫رﺳﺪ‬
‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮل‬ ‫ﻧﻬﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ،‫داﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬
‫ـﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺗ‬
) ‫ـﺪ‬
‫ـ‬‫دﻫ‬ ‫ـﺮار‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻗ‬
Pang et
al., 2016
‫ـﯽ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻋﻠ‬ .(
‫ﻣﺰﯾﺖ‬ ‫رﻏﻢ‬
‫ـﺎﻋﺪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻧﺎﻣﺴ‬ ‫ـﻞ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻋﻮاﻣ‬ ،‫ـﺎﯾﯿﺰه‬
‫ـ‬‫ﭘ‬ ‫ـﺖ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﮐﺸ‬ ‫ـﺎي‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻫ‬
‫ﻫﻤﭽﻮن‬ ‫ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ‬
‫ﯾﺦ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎ‬
‫ـﺰاي‬
‫ـ‬‫اﺟ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ـﺮد‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑ‬ ،‫زﻣﺴﺘﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﺎي‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺪان‬
‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬
) ‫دﻫﻨﺪ‬
., 2020
et al
Nabati
(
‫؛‬
‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫اﺟﺰاي‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫ارﺗﺒﺎط‬ ‫ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ‬
‫ﺑﯿﻮﺷـــﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮژﯾـــﮏ‬ ،‫ﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژﯾـــﮏ‬
‫ﺑـــﻪ‬
‫اﻧﺘﺨـــﺎب‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮر‬
‫ﯾﺦ‬ ‫ـﻨﺶ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ـﺮاﯾﻂ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺷ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ـﺮ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑﺮﺗ‬ (‫ـﺎي‬
‫ـ‬‫ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ)ﻫ‬
‫ـﮋه‬
‫ـ‬‫وﯾ‬ ‫ـﺖ‬
‫ـ‬‫اﻫﻤﯿ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ـﯽ‬
‫ـ‬‫زدﮔ‬
‫اي‬
.‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار‬
‫روش‬ ‫از‬ ‫ـﺨﯿﺺ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺗﺸ‬ ‫ـﺎﺑﻊ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺗﺠﺰﯾ‬
‫ـﺎري‬
‫ـ‬‫آﻣ‬ ‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺗﺠﺰﯾ‬ ‫ـﺎي‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻫ‬
‫از‬ ‫ـﻞ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺣﺎﺻ‬ ‫ـﺎﯾﺞ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻧﺘ‬ ‫ـﺤﺖ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮه‬
‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺗﺠﺰﯾ‬
‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺧﻮﺷ‬
‫اي‬
‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬
‫ﻣﯽ‬
‫ﺷﻮد‬
)
, &
Nezami, Nabati, Mirmiran, Hasanfard
, 2022
Mohammadi
.(
‫و‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫ارﺗﺒﺎط‬ ‫ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ‬
‫ژرم‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫اﺟﺰاي‬
‫ﭘﻼﺳﻢ‬
‫ـﻖ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻃﺮﯾ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ـﺪه‬
‫ـ‬‫ﯾﺎدﺷ‬ ‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺨﻮد‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫روش‬
.‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮه‬ ‫آﻣﺎري‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫روش‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد‬
‫ﻫﺎ‬
‫ـﯽ‬
‫ـ‬‫زراﻋ‬ ‫ـﺎل‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ـﺎﯾﺶ‬
‫ـ‬‫آزﻣ‬ ‫ـﻦ‬
‫ـ‬‫اﯾ‬
97
-
1396
‫ـﺎﺗﯽ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘ‬ ‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻣﺰرﻋ‬ ‫در‬
‫ـ‬
‫ـ‬‫)ﺑ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻬﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﺮدوﺳﯽ‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮕﺎه‬ ‫ﮐﺸﺎورزي‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮑﺪه‬
‫ﺎ‬
‫ـﻮل‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻃ‬
‫ـﺎﯾﯽ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿ‬
59
‫درﺟﻪ‬
‫و‬
23
‫دﻗﯿﻘﻪ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻗﯽ‬
‫ﻋﺮض‬ ‫و‬
‫ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿـﺎﯾﯽ‬
36
‫و‬ ‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫درﺟ‬
15
‫ــﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫دﻗﯿﻘ‬
‫ﺷـﻤﺎﻟﯽ‬
‫ارﺗﻔﺎع‬ ‫و‬
985
‫اﺟﺮا‬ (‫درﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬
‫ـﺎﺑﻖ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻣﻄ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻬﺪ‬ ‫اﻗﻠﯿﻢ‬ .‫ﺷﺪ‬
‫ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ‬
‫ﻃﻮﻻﻧﯽ‬ ‫آﻣﺎر‬ ‫اﺳﺎس‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺧﺸﮏ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳﺮد‬ ،‫آﻣﺒﺮژه‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺪي‬
‫ـﺪت‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫آن‬ ‫ـﺎﻻﻧﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ـﺪﮔﯽ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑﺎرﻧ‬ ‫ـﻂ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳ‬ ،‫ـﯽ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻫﻮاﺷﻨﺎﺳ‬
286
‫ﻣﯿﻠﯽ‬
‫و‬ ‫ـﺮ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻣﺘ‬
‫ـﻂ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳ‬
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫آن‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﻠﻖ‬ ‫دﻣﺎي‬ ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮ‬
‫ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ‬
43
‫و‬
8
/
27
-
‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫درﺟ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽ‬
.‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﮔﺮاد‬
‫ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫در‬
29
‫ﺗﯿﭗ‬ ‫ﻧﺨﻮد‬ ‫رﻗﻢ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫و‬ ‫دﺳﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﯿﭗ‬ ‫ﻧﺨﻮد‬ ‫ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ‬
‫ـﺮار‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺗﮑ‬ ‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ـﺎ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ـﺎدﻓﯽ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺗﺼ‬ ‫ـﻞ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﮐﺎﻣ‬ ‫ـﻮك‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑﻠ‬ ‫ـﺮح‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻃ‬ ‫ـﺐ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻗﺎﻟ‬ ‫در‬ (‫)ﺳﺎرال‬ ‫ﮐﺎﺑﻠﯽ‬
‫ﺑﻪ‬
‫ـﺮار‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫ـﺎﺑﯽ‬
‫ـ‬‫ارزﯾ‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫ﺗﮑﻤﯿﻠﯽ‬ ‫آﺑﯿﺎري‬ ‫ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ‬ ‫در‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﭘﺎﯾﯿﺰه‬ ‫ﮐﺸﺖ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت‬
‫ﮔﺮﻓ‬
‫ژرم‬ .‫ﺘﻨﺪ‬
‫ـﺎﻫﯽ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﮔﯿ‬ ‫ـﻮم‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻋﻠ‬ ‫ـﮑﺪه‬
‫ـ‬‫ﭘﮋوﻫﺸ‬ ‫ـﺬر‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ـﮏ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑﺎﻧ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫ﭘﻼﺳﻢ‬
‫در‬ ‫ـﺎﻋﺖ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ـﺶ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺷ‬ ‫ـﺪت‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ـﺬرﻫﺎ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬ .‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻬﯿﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻬﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﺮدوﺳﯽ‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮕﺎه‬
‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺧﻮﺷ‬ ‫ـﺮﮐﺖ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺷ‬ ‫ـﻮل‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻣﺤﺼ‬ ‫ـﺎن‬
‫ـ‬‫داﯾ‬ ‫ـﺬر‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫آﺑﻨﻮش‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫اﺗﺎق‬ ‫دﻣﺎي‬
‫زﯾﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﭘﺮوران‬
‫ـﺎرچ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ـﺘﻔﺎده‬
‫ـ‬‫اﺳ‬ ‫ـﺎ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ـﺖ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﮐﺎﺷ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ـﻞ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻗﺒ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ـﺮاﯾﻢ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﭘ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺎور‬
‫ﮐﺶ‬
) ‫ﮐﺎرﺑﻨﺪازﯾﻢ‬
WP 60%
®
‫د‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪار‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ (
.‫ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺿﺪﻋﻔﻮﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺰار‬ ‫در‬ ‫و‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎت‬
‫ﺧﺎك‬
‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ورزي‬
‫ﺷﺨﻢ‬
‫ـﺮدان‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑﺮﮔ‬ ‫ﮔﺎوآﻫﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﯾﯿﺰه‬
‫دار‬
‫ﻃﺮﯾﻖ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺧﺎك‬ ‫ﮐﺮدن‬ ‫ﻧﺮم‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻄﯿﺢ‬ ‫و‬
‫ـﺪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺷ‬ ‫ـﺎم‬
‫ـ‬‫اﻧﺠ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﮑﻠﻮﺗﯿﻠﺮ‬
.
‫ـﺎت‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿ‬

5. ‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻧﺒﺎﺗﯽ‬
،
‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ‬ ‫ﺿﺮاﯾﺐ‬
‫ﺑﯿﻮﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺎت‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫ﻣﺆﺛﺮ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬
...
19
‫ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮐﺎﺷﺖ‬
‫ﺳﻮم‬
‫آﺑﺎن‬
1396
‫ردﯾﻒ‬ ‫در‬
‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﯾﯽ‬
50
‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬
‫ﺑﻮﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ‬ ‫و‬
6
/
6
‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽ‬
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬
‫ﺻﻮرت‬
‫دﺳﺘﯽ‬
‫در‬
‫ﻋﻤﻖ‬
‫دو‬
‫ـﺎﻧﺘﯽ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺳ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺮي‬
‫ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺧﺎك‬
30
) ‫ـﺪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺷ‬ ‫ـﺎم‬
‫ـ‬‫اﻧﺠ‬ ‫ـﻊ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻣﺘﺮﻣﺮﺑ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑﻮﺗ‬
Nasiri, Nabati,
Nezami, & Kafi, 2021
‫ـﺮت‬
‫ـ‬‫ﮐ‬ ‫ـﺮ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻫ‬ ‫ـﯿﻦ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ‬ .(
120
‫ـﺎﻧﺘﯽ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺳ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬
‫ﮐﺮت‬ ‫اﺑﻌﺎد‬ .‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ‬
‫ﻫﺎ‬
2
×
2
‫ـﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺷ‬ ‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠ‬ ‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ـﺎري‬
‫ـ‬‫آﺑﯿ‬ .‫ﺑﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬
،‫ـﺖ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﮐﺎﺷ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ـﺲ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﭘ‬ ‫ﺑﻼﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ‬
14
‫ـﺎن‬
‫ـ‬‫زﻣ‬ ‫در‬ ‫و‬ ‫ـﺎري‬
‫ـ‬‫آﺑﯿ‬ ‫ـﯿﻦ‬
‫ـ‬‫اوﻟ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ـﺲ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﭘ‬ ‫روز‬
‫ﮐﻨﺘﺮل‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺘﯽ‬ ‫روش‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﻠﺪﻫﯽ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻒ‬
‫ﻫﺎ‬
‫ي‬
‫ﻫﺮز‬
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﻪ‬ ‫در‬
‫ـﻮرت‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺻ‬
‫ـﺎم‬
‫ـ‬‫اﻧﺠ‬ ‫ـﺖ‬
‫ـ‬‫اردﯾﺒﻬﺸ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻓﺮوردﯾﻦ‬ ‫اواﺳﻂ‬ ،‫اﺳﻔﻨﺪﻣﺎه‬ ‫اواﺳﻂ‬ ‫در‬ ‫دﺳﺘﯽ‬ ‫وﺟﯿﻦ‬
‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﭘﯿﻠ‬ ‫ـﺮم‬
‫ـ‬‫ﮐ‬ ‫ـﺎر‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻣﻬ‬ .‫ﺷﺪ‬
) ‫ـﻮد‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻧﺨ‬ ‫ﺧﻮار‬
Heliothis viriplaca Hufn
‫در‬ (
‫ـﺮه‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺣﺸ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ـﺘﻔﺎده‬
‫ـ‬‫اﺳ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﮔﻠﺪﻫﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ‬
‫ﮐﺶ‬
‫ـﺎﮐﺎرب‬
‫ـ‬‫اﯾﻨﺪوﮐﺴ‬
)
‫ـﺖ‬
‫ـ‬‫آواﻧ‬
EC
15%
®
(
‫ﻣﺼـﺮف‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬
200
‫ﻣﯿﻠﯽ‬
‫ﭘﺲ‬ ‫ﻫﻔﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻫﮑﺘﺎر‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻟﯿﺘﺮ‬
‫ـﺎ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ازآن‬
‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺎرﯾﻞ‬
)
‫ﺳﻮﯾﻦ‬
85%
WP
®
(
‫ــﺮ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻣﺼ‬ ‫ـﺎ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬
‫ـﺎر‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻫﮑﺘ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ـﻮﮔﺮم‬
‫ـ‬‫ﮐﯿﻠ‬ ‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ف‬
‫ﺑﻪ‬ .‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬
‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮر‬
‫ـﯿﻦ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺗﻌﯿ‬
‫ـﺪ‬
‫ـ‬‫درﺻ‬
) ‫ـﺎ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑﻘ‬
SU%
،(
30
‫روز‬
‫ـﺲ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﭘ‬
‫از‬
‫ـﺒﺰ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺳ‬
‫ﺷﺪن‬
)
S0
‫و‬ (
‫ﺑﻼﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ‬
‫ﭘﺲ‬
‫از‬
‫ـﻔﻨﺪﻣﺎه‬
‫ـ‬‫اﺳ‬ ‫ـﺮ‬
‫ـ‬‫آﺧ‬ ‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫دﻫ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ـﺘﺎن‬
‫ـ‬‫زﻣﺴ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﯾﺎن‬
)
S1
،(
‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬
‫ﺑﻮﺗﻪ‬
‫زﻧﺪه‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫ﻫﺮ‬
‫ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ‬
‫ﺷﻤﺎرش‬
‫ـﻖ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻃﺮﯾ‬ ‫از‬ ‫و‬
‫ـ‬
‫ـ‬‫راﺑﻄ‬
‫ﻪ‬
)
1
(
‫ـﺒﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳ‬
) ‫ـﺪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺷ‬
Nabati, Nezami, Boroumand Rezazadeh,
Azari, & Mohammadi, 2020
‫آﻣــﺎر‬ ‫رﺷــﺪ‬ ‫دوره‬ ‫ﻃــﻮل‬ ‫در‬ .(
‫اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻫﻮاﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ‬
‫ـﯽ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻓﺮدوﺳ‬ ‫ـﮕﺎه‬
‫ـ‬‫داﻧﺸ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎﺗﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻮاﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ‬
‫)ﺷﮑﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺛﺒﺖ‬ ‫دوره‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫در‬ ‫دﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬ ‫و‬ ‫درﯾﺎﻓﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻬﺪ‬
1
.(
SU% = × 100 )
1
(
‫ﺷﮑﻞ‬
1
-
‫دوره‬ ‫ﻃﯽ‬ ‫روزاﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬ ‫دﻣﺎﻫﺎي‬
‫زراﻋﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﺎل‬ ‫ﻃﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻬﺪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ‬
97
-
1396
Figure 1- Daily minimum and maximum temperature during chickpea growing season in 2017-2018
‫ـﺖ‬
‫ـ‬‫اردﯾﺒﻬﺸ‬ ‫اول‬ ‫دﻫﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﭘﺲ‬
‫ـﺪﻫﯽ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﮔﻠ‬ ‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﺎه‬
‫ﺟﻮان‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺑﺎر‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬
‫ـﻌﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺗﻮﺳ‬ ‫ـﺎﻣﻼ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﮐ‬ ‫ﺑﺮگ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﯾﻦ‬
‫ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ‬
‫ـﺎﺧﺺ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺷ‬
‫ـﺎدﻻت‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺗﺒ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫و‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮق‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺨﯿﺮ‬ ،‫ﻓﺘﻮﺳﻨﺘﺰ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﮔﺎزي‬
‫د‬
‫ي‬
‫روزﻧﻪ‬ ‫زﯾﺮ‬ ‫اﺗﺎﻗﮏ‬ ‫اﮐﺴﯿﺪﮐﺮﺑﻦ‬
‫دﺳﺘﮕﺎه‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬
IRGA (LCA4, UK)
‫ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‬ ‫از‬
8
‫ﺗﺎ‬
10
‫ـﺒﺢ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺻ‬
)
Olcer, Lloyd, & Raines, 2001
‫روزﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻫﺪاﯾﺖ‬ ،(
‫ـﺎ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫اي‬
) ‫ـﺮ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﭘﺮوﻣﺘ‬ ‫دﺳﺘﮕﺎه‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬
SC-1, USA
‫ـﺘﻢ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻓﺘﻮﺳﯿﺴ‬ ‫ـﺖ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿ‬ ،(
ΙΙ
‫ـﺎ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬
‫اﻧﺪازه‬
‫ـﻮروﻣﺘﺮ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻓﻠ‬ ‫ـﺘﮕﺎه‬
‫ـ‬‫دﺳ‬ ‫ـﻂ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺗﻮﺳ‬ ‫ـﺎﻧﺲ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻓﻠﻮرﺳ‬ ‫ـﻞ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿ‬ ‫ـﻞ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻋﻮاﻣ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬
)
OS1-FL, Opti-Sciences, USA
‫ﺳــﺎﻋﺖ‬ ‫از‬ (
11
‫ﺗــﺎ‬
12
‫ﻇﻬــﺮ‬
)
Murchie & Lawson, 2013
‫ـﺎراﯾﯽ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﮐ‬ .‫ـﺪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨ‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬ ‫ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ (
‫ﻣﺼﺮف‬
‫آب‬
‫از‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻮﺳﻨﺘﺰي‬
‫ﻃﺮﯾﻖ‬
‫ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪار‬
‫ﻓﺘﻮﺳﻨﺘﺰ‬
‫ﺧﺎﻟﺺ‬
‫ﺑﺮ‬
‫ـﺮق‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺗﻌ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬
) ‫ﺷﺪ‬
Ahmadi & Siosemardeh, 2005
(
.
‫در‬ ‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫روزﻧ‬ ‫ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ‬
‫از‬ ‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻻﯾ‬ ‫ـﮏ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺟﺪاﺳﺎزي‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺧﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺮق‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺮگ‬ ‫زﯾﺮ‬ ‫در‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬
‫ـﯽ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑﺮرﺳ‬ ‫ﻻم‬ ‫روي‬ ‫ﻗﺮارﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﭘﺸﺘﯽ‬ ‫اﭘﯿﺪرم‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻻﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫و‬ ‫روﯾﯽ‬ ‫اﭘﯿﺪرم‬
) ‫ﺷﺪ‬
Sun, Yan, Cui, & Liu, 2014
‫از‬ ‫ـﺘﻔﺎده‬
‫ـ‬‫اﺳ‬ ‫ـﺎ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮﺑﺮداري‬ .(
‫دورﺑﯿﻦ‬
Nikon
‫)ﻣﺪل‬
ds-fi-3
(
‫ﻧﺼﺐ‬
‫ﺷﺪه‬
) ‫ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﺳﮑﻮپ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬
Nikon,
Niu, Japan
‫ﻧﺮم‬ ‫ـﻖ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻃﺮﯾ‬ ‫از‬ (
‫ـﺰار‬
‫ـ‬‫اﻓ‬
Nis-Elements-AR, Version
4.60
‫ﻧﺮم‬ ‫از‬ ‫ـﺘﻔﺎده‬
‫ـ‬‫اﺳـ‬ ‫ـﺎ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑـ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ـﺪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺷـ‬ ‫ـﺖ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺛﺒـ‬
‫ـﺰار‬
‫ـ‬‫اﻓـ‬
‫ـﮕﺮ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﭘﺮدازﺷـ‬
‫ـﻮﯾﺮ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺗﺼـ‬
JMicroVision
‫روزﻧــﻪ‬ ‫ـﺮاﮐﻢ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺗ‬
‫ﺳــﻄﺢ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬
01
/
0
‫ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘــﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺑــﻊ‬
.‫ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎرش‬
‫وﯾﮋﮔﯽ‬
‫رﯾﺨﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫ـﯽ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺷﻨﺎﺳ‬
‫ـﻮان‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺟ‬
‫ﺗﺮ‬
ً‫ﻼ‬‫ـﺎﻣ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﮐ‬ ‫ـﺮگ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﯾﻦ‬
‫ـﻌﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺗﻮﺳ‬
‫ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ‬
‫ـﯿﻦ‬
‫ـ‬‫اوﻟ‬ ‫ـﺎع‬
‫ـ‬‫ارﺗﻔ‬ ،‫ـﯽ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻓﺮﻋ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬ ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫و‬ ‫آن‬ ‫ﻋﺮض‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻃﻮل‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫ﺑﻮﺗﻪ‬ ‫ارﺗﻔﺎع‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻏﻼف‬
‫اﻧﺪازه‬
‫ﮔ‬
.‫ـﺪﻧﺪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﯿﺮي‬
‫ـﻮا‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻣﺤﺘ‬
‫ـﺎ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ـﺮگ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫آب‬ ‫ـﺒﯽ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻧﺴ‬ ‫ي‬
) ‫ﺑﯿﻨﮕﻬﺎم‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﺳﻤﺎرت‬ ‫روش‬
Smart & Bingham, 1974
‫ـﯿﻞ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴ‬ ‫و‬ (
) ‫اﺳﻤﻮﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫دﺳﺘﮕﺎه‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫اﺳﻤﺰي‬
OM802-D; Vogel, Germany
(
‫ـﻮل‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻓﺮﻣ‬ ‫و‬
) ‫ـﻮف‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻫ‬ ‫ـﺖ‬
‫ـ‬‫وﻧ‬
Voet, Voet, & Pratt, 2001
‫ـﺮاه‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻫﻤ‬ ‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬ (
‫وﯾﮋﮔﯽ‬
‫رﻧﮓ‬ ‫ﻏﻠﻈﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻮﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫داﻧﻪ‬
) ‫ﻓﺘﻮﺳﻨﺘﺰي‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬
Dere,
Gines, & Sivaci, 1998
،(
‫ﮐﺮﺑﻮﻫ‬
‫ـﺪرات‬
‫ـ‬‫ﯿ‬
) ‫ـﻮل‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻣﺤﻠ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬
DuBois,
Gilles, Hamilton, Rebers, & Smith, 1956
‫ﻧﺸﺎﺳــﺘﻪ‬ ‫و‬ (
)
Bradford, 1976
‫ﺟﻮان‬ ‫در‬ (
ً‫ﻼ‬‫ﮐﺎﻣ‬ ‫ﺑﺮگ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﯾﻦ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ‬
‫اﻧﺪازه‬ ‫ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ‬
‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬
‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑﻮﺗ‬ ‫ـﺮد‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑ‬ ‫ـﺰاي‬
‫ـ‬‫اﺟ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ـﺮد‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑ‬ ‫زراﻋﯽ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻬﺎي‬ ‫در‬ .‫ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‬
‫ـﺎ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺣﺎﺷﯿﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﺬف‬
‫ﻗﺮا‬ ‫ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮﻣﺮﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬
.‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ر‬
‫داده‬ ‫ـﻮدن‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻧﻤ‬ ‫ﻧﺮﻣﺎل‬
‫ـﺎﭘﯿﺮو‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺷ‬ ‫ـﻮن‬
‫ـ‬‫آزﻣ‬ ‫ـﺎ‬
‫ـ‬‫)ﺑ‬ ‫ـﺎ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻫ‬
-
‫ـﻮاﺧﺘﯽ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﯾﮑﻨ‬ ‫و‬ (‫ـﮏ‬
‫ـ‬‫وﯾﻠ‬
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Oct,
2017
Nov,
2017
Dec,
2017
Jan,
2018
Feb,
2018
Mar,
2018
Apr,
2018
May,
2018
Jun,
2018
Jul,
2018
Aug,
2018
Temperature
(
o
C)
Max.Temperature Min.Temperature

6. 20
‫ﺟﻠﺪ‬ ،‫اﯾﺮان‬ ‫زراﻋﯽ‬ ‫ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻬﺎي‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺮﯾﻪ‬
22
‫ﺷﻤﺎره‬ ،
1
،
‫ﺑﻬﺎر‬
1403
‫وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ‬
‫ﻧﺮم‬ ‫ـﻖ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻃﺮﯾ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬
‫ـﺰار‬
‫ـ‬‫اﻓ‬
SPSS 27
‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺗﺠﺰﯾ‬ ‫ـﺮاي‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬ .‫ـﺪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺷ‬ ‫ـﺎم‬
‫ـ‬‫اﻧﺠ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺷﻪ‬
‫روش‬ ‫)ﺑﺎ‬ ‫اي‬
Ward
‫ـﺎس‬
‫ـ‬‫اﺳ‬ ‫ـﺮ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬
‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺗﺠﺰﯾ‬ ،(‫ـﯽ‬
‫ـ‬‫اﻗﻠﯿﺪﺳ‬ ‫ـﻠﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻓﺎﺻ‬
‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬
‫ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ‬
‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫اﺻﻠﯽ‬
‫و‬
‫ﺗﺮﺳﯿﻢ‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮدارﻫﺎي‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪي‬ ‫دو‬
‫از‬
‫ﻧﺮم‬
‫اﻓﺰارﻫﺎي‬
SPSS
27
‫و‬
STATISTICA 8
‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬
‫ﺷﺪ‬
.
‫اﺧﺘﻼف‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫درﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ‬
‫ﮔﺮوه‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬
‫آن‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ‬ ،‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺎت‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬
‫از‬ ‫ـﻔﺎت‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺻ‬ ‫ـﺮاي‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬
‫آزﻣﻮن‬ ‫ﻃﺮﯾﻖ‬
‫ﭼﻨﺪ‬
‫داﻣﻨﻪ‬
‫اي‬
) ‫داﻧﮑﻦ‬
P≤0.05
.‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬ (
‫ﺑﺤﺚ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ‬
‫ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ‬ ‫ﺿﺮاﯾﺐ‬
‫ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿــﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺘــﻮاي‬ ‫ﺑــﺎ‬ ‫زﻣﺴــﺘﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻘــﺎي‬ ‫درﺻــﺪ‬
a
‫ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿــﻞ‬ ،
b
،
‫ﮐﻞ‬ ،‫ﮐﺎروﺗﻨﻮﺋﯿﺪﻫﺎ‬
‫ر‬
‫ﻧﮓ‬
‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫داﻧ‬
‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫و‬ ‫ـﻨﺘﺰي‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻓﺘﻮﺳ‬
Fv′/Fm′
‫ـﺘﮕﯽ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻫﻤﺒﺴ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻨﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻔﯽ‬
‫ـﺖ‬
‫ـ‬‫زﯾﺴ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫داﻧ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫دار‬
‫و‬ ‫ـﺖ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻣﺜﺒ‬ ‫ـﺘﮕﯽ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻫﻤﺒﺴ‬ ‫ﺗﻮده‬
‫ـﯽ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻣﻌﻨ‬
‫ـﮑﻞ‬
‫ـ‬‫)ﺷ‬ ‫ـﺖ‬
‫ـ‬‫داﺷ‬ ‫دار‬
2
‫ـﯽ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻣﻌﻨ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ـﺖ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻣﺜﺒ‬ ‫ـﺘﮕﯽ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻫﻤﺒﺴ‬ ‫ـﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬ .(
‫دار‬
)
**
96
/
0
‫ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫داﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫راﺑﻄﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺰ‬ (
.‫ﺷﺪ‬
‫ﺷﮑﻞ‬
2
-
‫ﻣﺎﺗﺮﯾﺲ‬
‫ﺿﺮاﯾﺐ‬
‫ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ‬
‫ﭘﯿﺮﺳﻮن‬
‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬
‫ﺻﻔﺎت‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫اﺟﺰاي‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ،‫ﺑﯿﻮﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ‬ ،‫ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ‬
‫ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ‬
‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫دﺳﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﯿﭗ‬ ‫ﻧﺨﻮد‬
1
-
،‫ﻓﺘﻮﺳﻨﺘﺰ‬
2
-
،‫ﺗﻌﺮق‬
3
-
2
CO
،‫روزﻧﻪ‬ ‫زﯾﺮ‬ ‫اﺗﺎﻗﮏ‬
4
-
،‫آب‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺮف‬ ‫ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ‬
5
-
‫روزﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺪاﯾﺖ‬
،‫اي‬
6
-
‫روزﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ‬
،‫اي‬
7
-
،‫ﺑﺮگ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫روزﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬
8
-
،‫ﺑﺮگ‬ ‫ﭘﺸﺖ‬ ‫روزﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬
9
-
،‫ﻓﻠﻮرﺳﺎﻧﺲ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬
10
-
،‫ﻓﻠﻮرﺳﺎﻧﺲ‬ ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬
11
-
،‫ﻓﻠﻮرﺳﺎﻧﺲ‬ ‫ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮ‬
12
-
‫ﻓﺘﻮﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ‬
II
،
13
-
‫ﻓﺘﻮﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎﺗﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ‬
II
،
14
-
‫ﻓﺘﻮﺷ‬ ‫ﻓﺮود‬
،‫ﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ‬
15
-
‫ﺑﺎز‬ ‫ﺗﺨﻤﯿﻦ‬
‫ﻓﺘﻮﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺮاﮐﺰ‬ ‫ﺑﻮدن‬
II
،
16
-
،‫ﺑﺮگ‬ ‫ﻃﻮل‬
17
-
،‫ﺑﺮگ‬ ‫ﻋﺮض‬
18
-
،‫ﮔﻠﺪﻫﯽ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬
19
-
،‫ﮔﻠﺪﻫﯽ‬ ‫در‬ ‫اﺻﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﻮل‬
20
-
،‫ﺑﺮگ‬ ‫آب‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي‬
21
-
‫ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ‬
،‫اﺳﻤﺰي‬
22
-
‫ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ‬
a
،
23
-
‫ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ‬
b
،
24
-
،‫ﮐﺎروﺗﻨﻮﺋﯿﺪﻫﺎ‬
25
-
‫ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬
a/b
،
26
-
‫رﻧﮓ‬ ‫ﮐﻞ‬
‫داﻧﻪ‬
،‫ﻫﺎ‬
27
-
‫ﮐﺮﺑﻮﻫﯿﺪرات‬
،‫ﻣﺤﻠﻮل‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬
28
-
،‫ﻧﺸﺎﺳﺘﻪ‬
29
-
‫ارﺗﻔ‬
‫اوﻟﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺎع‬
،‫ﻏﻼف‬
30
-
،‫ﺑﻮﺗﻪ‬ ‫ارﺗﻔﺎع‬
31
-
،‫ﺑﻮﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﻮل‬
32
-
،‫ﺷﺎﺧﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬
33
-
،‫ﺑﻮﺗﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻏﻼف‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬
34
-
،‫ﭘﺮ‬ ‫ﻏﻼف‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬
35
-
،‫ﺑﺎرور‬ ‫ﻏﻼف‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬
36
-
‫زﯾﺴﺖ‬
،‫ﺑﻮﺗﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺗﻮده‬
37
-
‫در‬ ‫داﻧﻪ‬ ‫وزن‬
،‫ﺑﻮﺗﻪ‬
38
-
،‫داﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﺪ‬ ‫وزن‬
39
-
،‫ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬
40
-
،‫داﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬
41
-
‫و‬ ‫ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬
42
-
‫ﺑﻘﺎ‬
Figure 2- Pearson correlation coefficient matrix between morphophysiological traits, biochemical traits, yield, and yield
components of desi-type chickpea genotypes
1. Photosynthetic rate, 2. Transpiration rate, 3. CO2 sub stomatal, 4. WUE, 5. Stomatal conductance, 6. Stomatal resistance, 7.
Stomatal adaxial, 8. No. Stomatal abaxial, 9. Ft', 10. F0', 11. Fm', 12. Fv'/Fm', 13. Fq'/Fm', 14. Fq'/Fv', 15. qL, 16. Leaf length, 17.
Leaf width, 18. Branch No in flowering, 19. Branch length in flowering, 20. RWC %, 21. Osmotic potential, 22. Cha, 23. Chb, 24.
Carotenoids, 25. Cha/Chb, 26. Total pigment, 27. Soluble carbohydrates, 28. Starch, 29. Lowest pod height, 30. Plant height, 31.
Plant length, 32. Branch No. in maturity, 33. Pod No. Plant, 34. Pod fully No., 35. Filled pod percentage, 36. Biomass plant, 37.
Grain plant, 38. 100-grain weight, 39. Biological yield, 40. Grain yield, 41. Harvest index, 42. Survival

7. ‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻧﺒﺎﺗﯽ‬
،
‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ‬ ‫ﺿﺮاﯾﺐ‬
‫ﺑﯿﻮﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺎت‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫ﻣﺆﺛﺮ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬
...
21
ً‫ﻻ‬‫اﺣﺘﻤﺎ‬
‫ژرم‬ ‫در‬ ‫زﻣﺴﺘﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﺎي‬ ‫ﺳﺎزوﮐﺎر‬
‫ـﻮده‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮي‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺨﻮد‬ ‫ﭘﻼﺳﻢ‬
‫ﺗﻮﻟﯿ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬
‫رﻧﮓ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي‬ ‫ﺪ‬
‫داﻧﻪ‬
‫ـﻞ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻓﺼ‬ ‫ـﻦ‬
‫ـ‬‫اﯾ‬ ‫ﻃﻮل‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻮﺳﻨﺘﺰي‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫ﺑﻪ‬ .‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﮐﻤﺘﺮ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺎرت‬
‫ﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪه‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﮐﻤﺘﺮي‬ ‫اﻧﺮژي‬ ،‫دﯾﮕﺮ‬
‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫ﻧﻮري‬
‫ـﺎت‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌ‬ ،‫ـﺮ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺣﺎﺿ‬ ‫ـﺎﯾﺶ‬
‫ـ‬‫آزﻣ‬ ‫ـﺎﯾﺞ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻧﺘ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺧﻼف‬ .‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﺼﺎص‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎه‬
‫و‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﻘﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫دادﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬
Fv′/Fm′
) ‫ـﺎﻗﻼ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫در‬
Vicia faba
L.
) ‫ـﺪس‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫و‬ (
Medik.
culinaris
Lens
‫ـﺮار‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑﺮﻗ‬ ‫ـﻮﯾﯽ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻫﻤﺴ‬ ‫ـﺎط‬
‫ـ‬‫ارﺗﺒ‬ (
) ‫ـﺖ‬
‫ـ‬‫اﺳـ‬
Nabati, Nezami, Hasanfard, & Haghighat
Nabati, Nezami, Mirmiran, Hasanfard,
;
, 2018
Sheshvan
, 2022
& Ahmadi Lahijani
.(
ً‫ﻻ‬‫اﺣﺘﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺪت‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﺪت‬ ،‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺗﻨﺶ‬
‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑﻮﺗ‬ ‫ـﺮﻣﺎﯾﯽ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺧﻮﺳ‬ ‫ـﺖ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻇﺮﻓﯿ‬ ‫ـﺰ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻧﯿ‬ ‫و‬
‫ـﺎوت‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺗﻔ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ـﻢ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻣﻬ‬ ‫ـﻞ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻋﻮاﻣ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻨﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺴﻮ‬ ‫ارﺗﺒﺎط‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻓﯽ‬ ‫از‬ .‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﺎ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫دار‬
‫زﯾﺴﺖ‬ ‫و‬ ‫داﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬
‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬ ‫ﺗﻮده‬
‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫دﻫﺪ‬
‫ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫در‬
‫ﮔﺬراﻧﯽ‬ ‫زﻣﺴﺘﺎن‬
‫ژرم‬ ،‫ﻣﻮﻓــﻖ‬
‫ﺗﺨﺼــﯿﺺ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳــﺒﯽ‬ ‫ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴــﯿﻞ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ـﯽ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻣﻮردﺑﺮرﺳ‬ ‫ﭘﻼﺳــﻢ‬
‫ﻓﺮاورده‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻮﺳﻨﺘﺰي‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫و‬ (‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫داﻧ‬ ‫وزن‬ ‫ـﺰاﯾﺶ‬
‫ـ‬‫اﻓ‬ ‫ـﺎ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﯾ‬ ‫داﻧﻪ‬ ‫)ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﺨﺰن‬
‫اﻧﺪام‬
‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬ .‫ـﺖ‬
‫ـ‬‫اﺳ‬ ‫ـﻮردار‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑﺮﺧ‬ ‫ـﯽ‬
‫ـ‬‫روﯾﺸ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫ﻋﺒﺎرت‬
‫ـﺘﺎن‬
‫ـ‬‫زﻣﺴ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ـﺲ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﭘ‬ ،‫دﯾﮕﺮ‬
‫ﻓﺮاورده‬ ‫ارﺳﺎل‬ ‫ﺗﻮازن‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻓﻖ‬ ‫ﮔﺬراﻧﯽ‬
‫ـﺰن‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻣﺨ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ـﻊ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻣﻨﺒ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻮﺳﻨﺘﺰي‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫ﺑﻪ‬
.‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻗﺮار‬ ‫ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺑﯽ‬ ‫ﻃﻮر‬
‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ‬
‫ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ‬
‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ـﺪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺷ‬ ‫ـﺎم‬
‫ـ‬‫اﻧﺠ‬ ‫ـﯽ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻣﻮردﺑﺮرﺳ‬ ‫ـﻔﺎت‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺻ‬ ‫اﺳﺎس‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬
‫ز‬
) ‫وﯾﮋه‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﯾﻖ‬
Eigenvalue>1
(
12
‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﮐ‬ ‫ـﻞ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻋﺎﻣ‬
4
/
88
‫از‬ ‫ـﺪ‬
‫ـ‬‫درﺻ‬
‫ـﺪول‬
‫ـ‬‫)ﺟ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬ ،‫ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﯿﻪ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات‬
1
‫ـﺮ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬ .(
‫ـﺎس‬
‫ـ‬‫اﺳ‬ ‫ـﯿﻦ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻫﻤ‬
‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫اول‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‬
8
/
22
‫ﺑﯿﺶ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬
‫ـﻮد‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﯿﻪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺳﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﯾﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻬﻢ‬ ،‫اول‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫در‬ .‫داد‬ ‫اﺧﺘﺼﺎص‬
‫ـﺎرت‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻋﺒ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺎر‬ ‫داراي‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﺮﯾﻦ‬
‫از‬ ‫ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ‬
Fv′/Fm′
،
‫ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي‬
‫ﮐﻞ‬
‫رﻧﮓ‬
‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫داﻧ‬
‫ﻫﺎي‬
،‫ـﺘﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻧﺸﺎﺳ‬ ،‫ـﻨﺘﺰي‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻓﺘﻮﺳ‬
‫ـﯽ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻣﻨﻔ‬ ‫ـﺎر‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫داراي‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫داﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬ ‫و‬ (‫)ﺑﺎرور‬ ‫ﭘﺮ‬ ‫ﻏﻼف‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬
‫ﻧﯿﺰ‬ ‫دوم‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‬ .‫ﺑﻮد‬ ‫ﺑﻘﺎ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬
1
/
12
‫داده‬ ‫ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات‬ ‫از‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬
‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺗﻮﺟﯿ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ـﺎ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻫ‬
.‫ﮐﺮد‬
‫ﻫﻤ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬
‫روزﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺪاﯾﺖ‬ ‫اﺳﺎس‬ ‫ﯿﻦ‬
،‫ﺑﺮگ‬ ‫ﻃﻮل‬ ،‫اي‬
RWC
‫ـﺪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺻ‬ ‫وزن‬ ‫و‬
‫و‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺎر‬ ‫داراي‬ ‫داﻧﻪ‬
‫و‬ ‫ـﺮگ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ـﺘﯽ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﭘﺸ‬ ‫ـﻄﺢ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫روزﻧ‬ ‫ـﺪاد‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺗﻌ‬ ،‫ـﻨﺘﺰ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻓﺘﻮﺳ‬
‫ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ‬
b/a
.‫ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻔﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺎر‬ ‫داراي‬
‫ﺑ‬
‫ﯿﺶ‬
‫در‬ ‫ـﺮﯾﺐ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﯾﻦ‬
‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺗﺠﺰﯾ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫ﻫﺎ‬
‫ـﺎر‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ـﺎ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ـﻨﺠﻢ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﭘ‬ ‫ـﻞ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻋﺎﻣ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬ ‫و‬ ‫داﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬
.‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻔﯽ‬
‫رﻧﮓ‬ ‫اول‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫در‬
‫داﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻮﺳﻨﺘﺰي‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫ﮐﻠﺮوﻓ‬
‫ﯿﻞ‬
a
،
‫ﮐﻠﺮوﻓ‬
‫ﯿﻞ‬
b
،
‫ﮐﺎروﺗﻨﻮﺋﯿﺪﻫﺎ‬
‫و‬
‫ﮐﻞ‬
‫رﻧﮓ‬
‫د‬
‫اﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻫﺎ‬
)
‫ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ‬
‫ـﺮا‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺿ‬ ‫ـﺎ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬
‫ﯾﺐ‬
87
/
0
،
90
/
0
،
90
/
0
‫و‬
91
/
0
(
‫ﺑﻘﺎ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫و‬
)
‫ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﺿﺮﯾﺐ‬
52
/
0
-
(
‫داراي‬ ‫ـﺎ‬
‫ـ‬‫اﻣ‬ ‫ـﺎﻻ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺿﺮاﯾﺐ‬
‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠ‬ ‫ـﻦ‬
‫ـ‬‫اﯾ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ـﺪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑﻮدﻧ‬ ‫ـﺪﯾﮕﺮ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻫﻤ‬ ‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ـﺒﺖ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻧﺴ‬ ‫ـﺎوﺗﯽ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻣﺘﻔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎر‬
‫ﻣﺆ‬
‫ـﺎﯾﺞ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻧﺘ‬ ‫ـﺪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﯾ‬
‫آن‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ‬
‫رﻧﮓ‬ ‫ﺿﺮاﯾﺐ‬ ‫اول‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫در‬ .‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬
‫داﻧﻪ‬
‫ـﻨﺘﺰي‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻓﺘﻮﺳ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ـﻞ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻋﺎﻣ‬ ‫ـﻦ‬
‫ـ‬‫اﯾ‬ ‫ﺑﻨــﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ‬ ‫ـﺪ؛‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑﻮدﻧ‬ ‫ـﺎﻻ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬
‫رﻧﮓ‬ ‫ـﻞ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻋﺎﻣ‬ ‫ـﻮان‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺗ‬
‫داﻧــﻪ‬
‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫ـﺮد‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ـﺎ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑﻘ‬ ‫ـﺪ‬
‫ـ‬‫درﺻ‬ ‫ﺿﺮاﯾﺐ‬ ،‫اول‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﭘﻨﺞ‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫در‬ .‫ﻧﺎﻣﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻮﺳﻨﺘﺰي‬
‫ـﺎﯾﺞ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻧﺘ‬ ‫ـﺎ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ـﻮع‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻣﻮﺿ‬ ‫ـﻦ‬
‫ـ‬‫اﯾ‬ ‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﮐ‬ ‫ـﺪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑﻮدﻧ‬ ‫ـﺪﯾﮕﺮ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﯾﮑ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺴﻮ‬ (‫ﺑﺎر‬ ‫)ازﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫داﻧﻪ‬
‫د‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ‬
.‫ﺑﻮد‬ ‫ﯾﮑﺴﺎن‬ ‫ﯾﺎدﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺖ‬ ‫و‬
‫ﺑ‬
‫ﯿﺶ‬
‫ـﻞ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻋﺎﻣ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ـﺮاﯾﺐ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺿ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﯾﻦ‬
‫داﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﻨﺞ‬
)
61
/
0
-
(
‫ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬ ‫و‬
)
80
/
0
-
(
‫ـﻮد‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ـﻖ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻣﺘﻌﻠ‬
‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ـﺰ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻧﯿ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ـﻞ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻋﺎﻣ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬
‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ـﻮان‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺗ‬
‫ـﺎم‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻧ‬
‫ـﺮد‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑ‬
‫ـﺖ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑﺮداﺷ‬ ‫ـﺎﺧﺺ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺷ‬ ‫و‬
‫ﻧﺎم‬
‫ﮔﺬاري‬
.‫ﮐﺮد‬
‫ﺑ‬
‫ﯿﺶ‬
‫داده‬ ‫وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات‬ ‫ﺗﺮﯾﻦ‬
‫و‬ ‫اول‬ ‫ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫دو‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﯿﻪ‬ ‫دوم‬
‫ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ‬ ‫ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﺮاي‬
‫در‬ ‫ـﺮ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑﺮﺗ‬ ‫ـﺎي‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻫ‬
‫)ﺷﮑﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺎت‬ ‫دﺳﺘﮕﺎه‬
3
.(
‫ـ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻫﻤ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬
‫ـﺎﺑﻖ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻣﻄ‬ ،‫ـﺎس‬
‫ـ‬‫اﺳ‬ ‫ﯿﻦ‬
‫ﺷﮑﻞ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬
3
‫ـﺎرال‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫رﻗﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺮاه‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ‬ ‫ﻫﺸﺖ‬ ،
‫)ﺷﮑﻞ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬ ‫دوم‬ ‫و‬ ‫اول‬ ‫ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺪوده‬ ‫در‬
3
.(
‫ﺧﻮﺷﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ‬
‫اي‬
‫ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ‬
‫ﺣﺎﺻﻞ‬
‫از‬
‫ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺷﻪ‬
‫اي‬
‫اﺳﺎس‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬
‫ـﻔﺎت‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺻ‬
‫از‬ ‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻣﻮردﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌ‬
‫ﻃﺮﯾﻖ‬
‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ‬
‫)روش‬ ‫اﻗﻠﯿﺪﺳﯽ‬
Ward
‫ژرم‬ ،(
‫ﭘﻼﺳﻢ‬
‫ﻧﺨﻮد‬
‫را‬
‫ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﭘﻨﺞ‬
‫ﮔﺮوه‬
‫ﻣﺘﻤﺎ‬
‫ﯾﺰ‬
‫ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ‬
‫)ﺷﮑﻞ‬ ‫ﮐﺮد‬
4
.(
‫ﮔﺮوه‬
‫ﯾﮏ‬
‫ﺑﺎ‬
9
‫ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ‬
‫ﺑ‬
‫ﯿﺶ‬
‫ﺗﺮﯾﻦ‬
‫و‬
‫ﮔﺮوه‬
‫ﭼﻬﺎر‬
‫ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﭼﻬﺎر‬
‫ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ‬
‫ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬
‫ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ‬
‫را‬
‫ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺧﻮد‬
‫اﺧﺘﺼﺎص‬
‫دادﻧﺪ‬
.
‫ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮر‬
‫ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ‬
‫ﺳﻬﻢ‬
‫ﻫﺮ‬
‫ﯾﮏ‬
‫از‬
‫ﺻﻔﺎت‬
‫ﻣﻮردﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‬
‫ـﺮاي‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬
‫ـﺮوه‬
‫ـ‬‫ﮔ‬ ‫ـﺮ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻫ‬
،
‫اﻧﺤﺮاف‬
‫از‬
‫ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ‬
‫ﺑﺮاي‬
‫ﺻﻔﺎت‬
‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬
‫ﺷﺪ‬
‫)ﺟﺪول‬
2
.(
‫ﺑﺮ‬
‫اﯾﻦ‬
،‫اﺳﺎس‬
‫ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ‬
‫درﺻﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻘﺎي‬
‫ﮔﺮوه‬
‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫ـﮏ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﯾ‬
‫و‬
‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺳ‬
‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫داﻧ‬ ‫ـﺮد‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑ‬ ‫ـﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻣﯿ‬ ‫و‬
‫ﮔﺮوه‬
‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﭘﻨﺞ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳﻪ‬ ،‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫از‬
‫ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ‬
‫ﮐﻞ‬
‫ﺑﻮد‬
.

8. 22
‫ﺟﻠﺪ‬ ،‫اﯾﺮان‬ ‫زراﻋﯽ‬ ‫ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻬﺎي‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺮﯾﻪ‬
22
‫ﺷﻤﺎره‬ ،
1
،
‫ﺑﻬﺎر‬
1403

9. ‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻧﺒﺎﺗﯽ‬
،
‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ‬ ‫ﺿﺮاﯾﺐ‬
‫ﺑﯿﻮﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺎت‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫ﻣﺆﺛﺮ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬
...
23
‫ﺷﮑﻞ‬
3
-
‫ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺶ‬
‫ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ‬
‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫ﻧﺨﻮد‬
‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫دﺳﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﯿﭗ‬
‫اﺳﺎس‬
‫ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ‬
‫اول‬
‫و‬
‫دوم‬
‫ﺳﺎل‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻬﺪ‬ ‫در‬
97
-
1396
Figure 3- Distribution of desi-type chickpea genotypes based on the first and second factors at Mashhad in 2017-18
‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬
‫ﺟﺪول‬
2
،
‫ﮔﺮوه‬
‫ـﻨﺞ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﭘ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬
‫در‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ‬
51
،
39
،
51
،
37
‫و‬
54
‫ـﻞ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﮐ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮي‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺎت‬ ‫از‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬
‫رﻗﻢ‬ .‫داﺷﺘﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺳﺎرال‬
‫ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻫﻤﺮاه‬
‫ﻫﺸﺖ‬
‫ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ‬
‫در‬
‫ﮔﺮوه‬
‫ﯾﮏ‬
‫ﻗﺮار‬
‫ـﺖ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﮔﺮﻓ‬
.
‫ـﺪا‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻓﺮﯾ‬
) ‫ـﺎران‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻫﻤﮑ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ـﻮره‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺗﺮاﺋ‬
Farida Traoré et al., 2022
‫از‬ ‫ـﺰ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻧﯿ‬ (
‫ﺧﻮﺷﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ‬
‫ﮔﺮوه‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫اي‬
‫ﺑﻨ‬
‫ﺪي‬
282
‫اﺳﺎس‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﺑﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﯿﭗ‬ ‫ﻧﺨﻮد‬ ‫ﻻﯾﻦ‬
‫ـﯽ‬
‫ـ‬‫زراﻋ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺎت‬
-
‫ـﻦ‬
‫ـ‬‫اﯾ‬ .‫ـﺪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﮐﺮدﻧ‬ ‫ـﺘﻔﺎده‬
‫ـ‬‫اﺳ‬ ‫ـﯽ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﮐﯿﻔ‬ ‫ـﻔﺎت‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺻ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ـﮏ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژﯾ‬
‫ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﯾﻖ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎن‬
‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ـﺪﺑﺨﺶ‬
‫ـ‬‫اﻣﯿ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫ـﺎزي‬
‫ـ‬‫آزادﺳ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮر‬
‫اﺻﻼح‬ ‫ارﻗﺎم‬
.‫ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﯿﻔﯽ‬ ‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬
‫ﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﮐﻨﺎر‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻ‬ ‫داﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫و‬ ‫زﻣﺴﺘﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻘﺎي‬
‫ﻣﯽ‬
‫زﻣﯿﻨﻪ‬ ‫ـﺪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺗﻮاﻧﻨ‬
‫ـﺎز‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺳ‬
‫ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫ﮔﺰﯾﻨﺶ‬
.‫ـﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺴﻮب‬ ‫ﭘﺎﯾﯿﺰه‬ ‫ﮐﺸﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﻧﺨﻮد‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ‬ ،‫آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫در‬
‫ﮔﺮوه‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫ـﺪ‬
‫ـ‬‫درﺻ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫آن‬ ‫داﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﻘﺎ‬
‫ﻣﯽ‬ ،‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﮐﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺶ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬
‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮر‬
‫ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮔﺰﯾﻨﯽ‬
‫ﻫﻤﭽ‬ .‫ـﺪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﮔﯿﺮﻧ‬ ‫ـﺮار‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫ـﺮه‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑﻬ‬ ‫ـﻮرد‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ـﻼﺣﯽ‬
‫ـ‬‫اﺻ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫ـﯿﻦ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻨ‬
‫ازآن‬
‫ﺟﺎﯾﯽ‬
‫ﺳﺎل‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯿﺰه‬ ‫ﮐﺸﺖ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬
‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫اﺧﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ‬ ‫ﮔﺰﯾﻨﺶ‬ ،‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻮده‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮل‬
‫ـﯿﻦ‬
‫ـ‬‫اوﻟ‬ ‫ارﺗﻔﺎع‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺗﻪ‬ ‫ارﺗﻔﺎع‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﯾﯽ‬
‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻏﻼف‬
‫زﻣﯿﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ‬
‫آن‬ ‫ﮐﺸﺖ‬ ‫زﯾﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﺳﺎز‬
‫ﺑﻪ‬ .‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬
‫ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮر‬ ‫ﻫﻤﯿﻦ‬
‫ﮔﺮوه‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫در‬ ‫ـﺘﺮ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑﯿﺸ‬ ‫ـﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻣﯿ‬ ‫ـﺎ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﭘﻨﺞ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﯾﺎدﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺎت‬
‫ﮔﺰﯾﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻪ‬
‫در‬ .‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯿﺰه‬ ‫ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮر‬
‫آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ‬
،‫ـﺎﺑﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻣﺸ‬
‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴ‬
‫ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺷﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻨﺪي‬
‫ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ‬
‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫ﻋﺪس‬
‫ﺑﺮاي‬
‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬
‫ﮔﺰﯾﻨﯽ‬
‫آن‬
‫ـﺎ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻫ‬
‫از‬
‫ـﺮ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻧﻈ‬
‫ـﺮد‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑ‬
‫و‬
‫ـﺰاي‬
‫ـ‬‫اﺟ‬
‫ـﺮد‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑ‬
) ‫ـﺖ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﮔﺮﻓ‬ ‫ـﺮار‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫ـﺘﻔﺎده‬
‫ـ‬‫اﺳ‬ ‫ـﻮرد‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻣ‬
Nabati,
, 2021
Nezami, Hasanfard, Zare Mehrjerdi, & Rastgoo
.(
‫در‬
‫آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬
‫ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬
‫ـﺎ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻫ‬
‫در‬
‫ﮔﺮوه‬
‫ـﺎي‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻫ‬
‫ـﺎ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻣﺘﻤ‬
‫ﯾﺰ‬
‫ـ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺗﻘﺴ‬
‫ﯿﻢ‬
‫ﺑﻨﺪي‬
‫ﻣﯽ‬
‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﮕﺮان‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬
‫اﻫﺪاف‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻪ‬
،‫ﺧﻮد‬ ‫ﮔﺰﯾﻨﯽ‬
‫ژﻧﻮﺗ‬
‫ﯿﭗ‬
‫ـﺎي‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻫ‬
‫اﻣﯿﺪﺑﺨﺶ‬
‫را‬
‫ﺑﺮاي‬
‫آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ‬
‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫ﺗﮑﻤ‬
‫ـﯽ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﯿﻠ‬
‫ـﺎﯾﯽ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺷﻨﺎﺳ‬
‫ﻣﯽ‬
.‫ـﺪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﮐﻨﻨ‬
‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺗﺠﺰﯾ‬
‫وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ‬
‫ﮔﺮوه‬
‫ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬
‫داد‬
‫ﮐﻪ‬
‫ﺗﻔﺎوت‬
‫ـﯽ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻣﻌﻨ‬
‫داري‬
‫ـﯿﻦ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬
‫ﮔﺮوه‬
‫ـﺎ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻫ‬
‫ـﺮ‬
‫ـ‬‫ازﻧﻈ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ‬
‫روزﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ‬
،‫اي‬
‫ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ‬
‫روزﻧﻪ‬
‫در‬
‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬
‫و‬
‫ﭘﺸﺖ‬
،‫ﺑﺮگ‬
‫ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ‬
b/a
‫و‬
‫ﻏﻼف‬ ‫اوﻟﯿﻦ‬ ‫ارﺗﻔﺎع‬
‫وﺟﻮد‬
‫دارد‬
‫)ﺟﺪول‬
3
.(
‫ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺎرت‬
،‫دﯾﮕﺮ‬
‫ـﺎدﯾﺮ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻣﻘ‬
‫وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ‬
‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬
‫ﮔﺮوه‬
‫ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫در‬
‫ﯾﮏ‬
‫ﺻﻔﺎت‬ ‫از‬
‫ـﺪه‬
‫ـ‬‫ﯾﺎدﺷ‬
‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬
‫ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ‬
7
/
1
،
57
،
62
،
8
/
1
‫و‬
7
/
1
‫ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ‬
‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ‬
‫از‬
‫وار‬
‫ﯾﺎﻧﺲ‬
‫درون‬
‫ﮔﺮوه‬
‫ﻫﺎ‬
.‫اﺳﺖ‬
‫ـﯽ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻣﻌﻨ‬
‫داري‬
‫وار‬
‫ﯾﺎﻧﺲ‬
‫ﺑ‬
‫ﯿﻦ‬
‫ﮔﺮوﻫ‬
‫ﯽ‬
،‫ﯾﺎدﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺎت‬ ‫در‬
‫ـﺎن‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻧﺸ‬
‫دﻫﻨﺪه‬
‫ـﺎن‬
‫ـ‬‫ﯾﮑﺴ‬
‫ـﻮدن‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻧﺒ‬
‫ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ‬
‫ﮔﺮوه‬
‫ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻮد‬
‫و‬
‫ﻫﻤ‬
‫ﯿﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺄﻟﻪ‬
‫اﻫﻤ‬
‫ـﺖ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﯿ‬
‫ﺗﺠﺰ‬
‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﯾ‬
‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺧﻮﺷ‬
‫اي‬
‫ـﺮا‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬
‫ي‬
‫ﺗﻌ‬
‫ﯿﯿﻦ‬
‫ژﻧﻮﺗ‬
‫ﯿﭗ‬
‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫ﺻﻔ‬ ‫ازﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺗﺮ‬
‫ﺎ‬
‫ت‬
‫ﯾﺎدﺷﺪه‬
‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫را‬
‫ﯾ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ـﺪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﯿ‬
‫ﯽ‬
‫ـﺪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﮐﻨ‬
.
‫ـﺪار‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻣﻘ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻻي‬
‫وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ‬
‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬
‫ﮔﺮوه‬
‫ﻫﺎ‬
‫ـﺮا‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬
‫ي‬
‫ـﻔﺎت‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺻ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ـﮏ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﯾ‬ ‫ـﺮ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻫ‬
‫در‬
‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴ‬
‫ـﺎ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬
‫وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ‬
‫درون‬
‫ﮔﺮوه‬
‫ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬
‫دﻫﻨﺪه‬
‫ﺗﺒ‬
‫ﯿﯿﻦ‬
‫ﺻﻔﺖ‬ ‫اﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬
‫ـﺪه‬
‫ـ‬‫ﯾﺎدﺷ‬
‫در‬
‫آزﻣﺎ‬
‫ﯾﺶ‬
‫و‬
‫ﺧﻄﺎ‬ ‫اﺛﺮ‬
‫ي‬
‫ﮐﻤﺘﺮ‬
.‫اﺳﺖ‬
‫ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ‬
‫وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ‬
‫ﭼﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮه‬
‫ﺑﺮ‬
‫ــﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﭘﺎﯾ‬
‫ﻃـﺮح‬
ً‫ﻼ‬‫ﮐﺎﻣ‬
‫ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ‬
‫ﻧﺎﻣﺘﻌﺎدل‬
‫ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮر‬
‫ﺗﺎ‬
‫ﯾ‬
‫ﯿﺪ‬
‫ﺗﻔﺎوت‬
‫ـﯿﻦ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬
‫ﮔﺮوه‬
‫ـﺎ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻫ‬
‫ـﺰ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻧﯿ‬
‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬
‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫داد‬
‫آزﻣﻮن‬
‫وﯾﻠﮑﺲ‬
‫ـﺪا‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻻﻣﺒ‬
1
‫در‬
‫ـﺎﺑﻊ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺗ‬
‫اول‬
‫ـﺎ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬
‫از‬ ‫ـﺮ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﮐﻤﺘ‬ ‫ـﺪار‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻣﻘ‬
001
/
0
‫ﻣﻌﻨﯽ‬
‫دار‬
‫)ﺟﺪول‬ ‫ﺑﻮد‬
4
(
.
1- Wilks' lambda

10. 24
‫ﺟﻠﺪ‬ ،‫اﯾﺮان‬ ‫زراﻋﯽ‬ ‫ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻬﺎي‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺮﯾﻪ‬
22
‫ﺷﻤﺎره‬ ،
1
،
‫ﺑﻬﺎر‬
1403
‫ﺷﮑﻞ‬
4
-
‫ﮔﺮوه‬
‫ﺑﻨﺪي‬
‫ﺧﻮﺷﻪ‬
‫اي‬
‫ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ‬
‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫دﺳﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﯿﭗ‬ ‫ﻧﺨﻮد‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫اﺳﺎس‬
‫ﺻﻔﺎت‬
‫ﻣﻮردﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‬
Figure 4- Cluster grouping of desi-type chickpea genotypes based on studied traits
‫ﮔﺮوه‬ ‫ﺻﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬
‫ﺧﻮﺷﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺪي‬
‫ـﺎﺑﻊ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫از‬ ‫اي‬
‫ـﺪول‬
‫ـ‬‫)ﺟ‬ ‫ـﺪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺷ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺨﯿﺺ‬
5
.(
‫ژرم‬ ،‫آن‬ ‫ـﺎﯾﺞ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻧﺘ‬ ‫ـﺎس‬
‫ـ‬‫اﺳ‬ ‫ـﺮ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬
‫ـﻢ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﭘﻼﺳ‬
‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ـﯽ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻣﻮردﺑﺮرﺳ‬
‫ﮔﺮوه‬ ‫ـﺤﯿﺢ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﻃﻮر‬
‫ـﺪي‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑﻨ‬
‫ـﺎﺑﻊ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ـﺖ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻣﻮﻓﻘﯿ‬ .‫ـﺖ‬
‫ـ‬‫اﺳ‬ ‫ـﺪه‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺷ‬
‫آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺨﯿﺺ‬
100
‫در‬
‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻮد‬ ‫ﺻﺪ‬
‫دﻫﻨﺪه‬
‫ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ‬ ‫درﺻﺪي‬ ‫ﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺮارﮔﯿﺮي‬
.‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺧﻮد‬ ‫ﮔﺮوه‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺗﺠﺰ‬
‫ﯾ‬
‫ﻪ‬
‫ـﺎن‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻧﺸ‬ ‫ـﺎﻧﻮﻧﯿﮑﯽ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﮐ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺨﯿﺺ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺑﻊ‬
‫ـﺮ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻣﺘﻐﯿ‬ ‫ـﺎر‬
‫ـ‬‫ﭼﻬ‬ ‫ـﺮ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻫ‬ ‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﮐ‬ ‫داد‬
‫ـﺪول‬
‫ـ‬‫)ﺟ‬ ‫ـﺘﻨﺪ‬
‫ـ‬‫داﺷ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ‬ ‫وﯾﮋه‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪار‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻧﻮﻧﯿﮏ‬
6
،‫ـﺎن‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻣﯿ‬ ‫ـﻦ‬
‫ـ‬‫اﯾ‬ ‫در‬ .(
‫وﯾﮋه‬ ‫)ﻣﻘﺪار‬ ‫اول‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻧﻮﻧﯿﮏ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ‬
118
،(
2
/
91
‫ـﻮد‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻣﻮﺟ‬ ‫وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ‬ ‫از‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬
‫ر‬
‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﯿﻪ‬ ‫ا‬
‫ﻣﻌﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﭼﻬﺎر‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻧﻮﻧﯿﮑﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ‬ .‫ﮐﻨﺪ‬
‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﮐ‬ ‫ﺑﻮد‬ ‫دار‬
‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬
‫ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ‬ ‫ـﯿﻦ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ـﺎوت‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺗﻔ‬ ‫ـﺐ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﯿﻪ‬ ‫دﻫﻨﺪه‬
‫ـﻂ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺗﻮﺳ‬ ‫ـﺎ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻫ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻧﻮﻧﯿﮑﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺨﯿﺺ‬ ‫اول‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫در‬ .‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻧﻮﻧﯿﮏ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎي‬
‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫روزﻧ‬
‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬
‫ﭘﺸﺘﯽ‬
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫دوم‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫در‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﺮگ‬
‫ـﺮض‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ـﻮل‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻃ‬ ،‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑﻮﺗ‬ ‫ارﺗﻔﺎع‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ‬
،‫ـﺎ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑﻘـ‬ ‫ـﺪ‬
‫ـ‬‫درﺻـ‬ ،‫ـﺮگ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑـ‬
Fq'/Fm'
،
Fv′/Fm′
‫و‬
‫ـﻨﺘﺰ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻓﺘﻮﺳـ‬
‫ـﺮاﯾﺐ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺿـ‬ ‫از‬
‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﺷﺪه‬
‫)ﺟﺪول‬ ‫ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮي‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻧﻮﻧﯿﮑﯽ‬
6
،‫ـﺎ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑﻘ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ .(
‫ـﺎرم‬
‫ـ‬‫ﭼﻬ‬ ‫ـﺎﺑﻊ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫داﻧ‬ ‫ـﺮد‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑ‬ ‫و‬ ‫دوم‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺑﺮگ‬ ‫ﻃﻮل‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺗﻪ‬ ‫ارﺗﻔﺎع‬
‫ﺿﺮﯾﺐ‬ ‫داراي‬
‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﺷﺪه‬
‫ﮐﺎﻧﻮﻧ‬
‫ﯿﮑﯽ‬
‫ـﻦ‬
‫ـ‬‫ازاﯾ‬ .‫ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮي‬
،‫رو‬
‫ـﻔﺎت‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺻ‬
‫ﯾ‬
‫ﺎدﺷﺪه‬
‫ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﺿﺮا‬
‫ﯾ‬
‫ﺐ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻻ‬
‫ﺑ‬
‫ﯿ‬
‫ﺶ‬
‫ﺗﺮ‬
‫ﯾ‬
‫ﻦ‬
‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬
‫را‬
‫در‬
‫ـﻮع‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺗﻨ‬
‫ژﻧﻮﺗ‬
‫ﯿ‬
‫ﭗ‬
‫ـﺎ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻫ‬
‫ي‬
‫ـﻮرد‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺑﺮرﺳ‬
‫ﯽ‬
‫داﺷﺘﻨﺪ‬
.
‫ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺎرت‬
‫د‬
‫ﯾ‬
،‫ﮕﺮ‬
‫درﺻﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻘﺎ‬
‫ـﺮگ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ـﻮل‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻃ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑﻮﺗ‬ ‫ـﺎع‬
‫ـ‬‫ارﺗﻔ‬
‫و‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬
‫داﻧﻪ‬
‫در‬
‫ﺗﻮاﺑﻊ‬
‫ﺧﻮد‬
‫ﺳﻬﻢ‬
‫ﺑ‬
‫ﯿ‬
‫ﺶ‬
‫ـﺮ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺗ‬
‫ي‬
‫از‬
‫ـﻮع‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺗﻨ‬
‫ـ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬
‫ﯿ‬
‫ﻦ‬
‫ژﻧﻮﺗ‬
‫ﯿ‬
‫ﭗ‬
‫ـﺎ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻫ‬
‫را‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟ‬
‫ﯿ‬
‫ﻪ‬
‫ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ‬
.
‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬
،‫ـﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬
‫ـ‬‫اﺳ‬ ‫ـﺨﯿﺺ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺗﺸ‬ ‫ـﺮاﯾﺐ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺿ‬
‫ـﺮات‬
‫ـ‬‫اﺛ‬
‫ﺧﺎﻟﺺ‬
‫ﻫﺮ‬
‫ﺻﻔﺖ‬
‫را‬
‫در‬
‫ﺗﺎﺑﻊ‬
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺨﯿﺺ‬
‫ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ‬ ،‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ‬ .‫داد‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺑﯽ‬
‫اﯾﻦ‬
‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬
‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬
‫داد‬
‫ﮐﻪ‬
‫ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ‬
‫ﺗﺸﺨﯿﺺ‬
‫ﮐﺎﻧﻮﻧﯿﮑﯽ‬
‫در‬
‫ـﻨﺎﺧﺖ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺷ‬
‫ـﻮع‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺗﻨ‬
‫ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ‬
‫ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬
‫و‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬
‫ـﻔﺎﺗﯽ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ‬
‫ـﺐ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳ‬ ‫ـﯿﻒ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺗﻮﺻ‬ ‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﮐ‬
‫از‬ ‫ﺗﺮي‬
‫ﺗﻨﻮع‬
‫ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬
،‫داﺷﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬
.‫ﺑﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﻔﯿﺪ‬
‫ژرم‬
‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻮردﺑﺮرﺳﯽ‬ ‫ﭘﻼﺳﻢ‬
‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺧﻮﺷ‬ ‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺗﺠﺰﯾ‬ ‫اﺳﺎس‬
‫ـﻠﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻓﺎﺻ‬ ‫ـﺮ‬
‫ـ‬‫ازﻧﻈ‬ ‫اي‬
‫ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺰ‬ (‫ژﻧﻮﻣﯽ‬ ‫)ﺗﻔﺎوت‬ ‫ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ‬
.‫ﺷﺪ‬
‫ﺑ‬
‫ﯿﺶ‬
‫ﺗﺮﯾﻦ‬
‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ‬
‫ـﯿﻦ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ‬
‫ﮔﺮوه‬
‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫دو‬
‫و‬
‫ﭘﻨﺞ‬
‫و‬
‫ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ‬
‫آن‬
‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬
‫ﮔﺮوه‬
‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫ﺳﻪ‬
‫و‬
‫ـﺎر‬
‫ـ‬‫ﭼﻬ‬
‫ـﺎﻫﺪه‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻣﺸ‬
‫ﺷﺪ‬
‫)ﺷﮑﻞ‬
5
.(
‫ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ‬ ،‫ـﺎس‬
‫ـ‬‫اﺳ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬
‫ـﺮار‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫ـﺮوه‬
‫ـ‬‫ﮔ‬ ‫ـﮏ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﯾ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﮐ‬ ‫ـﺎﯾﯽ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻫ‬
‫ﻣﯽ‬
‫در‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ‬
‫ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ‬
‫ﮔﺮوه‬ ‫در‬ ‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﮐ‬ ‫ـﺎﯾﯽ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻫ‬
‫ـﺮار‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫ـﺎوت‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻣﺘﻔ‬ ‫ـﺎي‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻫ‬
‫ﻣﯽ‬
‫ﺑﻪ‬ .‫دارﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮي‬ ‫ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﺎﻫﺖ‬ ،‫ﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺎرت‬
‫ـﯽ‬
‫ـ‬‫ژﻧﺘﯿﮑ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻮع‬ ،‫دﯾﮕﺮ‬
.‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﮔﺮوﻫﯽ‬ ‫درون‬ ‫ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻮع‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮔﺮوﻫﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬

11. ‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻧﺒﺎﺗﯽ‬
،
‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ‬ ‫ﺿﺮاﯾﺐ‬
‫ﺑﯿﻮﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺎت‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫ﻣﺆﺛﺮ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬
...
25
‫ﺟﺪول‬
2
-
‫ﮔﺮوه‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺷﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اي‬
‫ﺻﻔﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﮐﻞ‬ ‫ﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻮردﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‬
‫ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ‬ ‫در‬
‫دﺳﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﯿﭗ‬ ‫ﻧﺨﻮد‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬
Table 2- Mean of the groups in cluster analysis and the total for studied traits in desi type chickpea genotypes
Traits ‫ﺻﻔﺎت‬
Group1 Group2 Group3 Group4 Group5 Total
Number of genotypes
9 5 6 4 6 30
Photosynthetic rate ‫ﻓﺘﻮﺳﻨﺘﺰ‬ 10.4±4.06 7.84±4.18 12.3±5.24 9.72±3.14 12.4±5.04 10.7±4.45
Transpiration rate ‫ﺗﻌﺮق‬ 2.23±0.930 1.53±0.660 2.30±0.940 2.33±1.09 2.29±1.36 2.15±0.986
CO2 substomatal ‫روزﻧﻪ‬ ‫زﯾﺮ‬ ‫اﺗﺎﻗﮏ‬ CO2 384±21.3 377±37.6 363±40.7 370±38.7 356±48.7 371±35.9
WUE ‫آب‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺮف‬ ‫ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ‬ 5.24±2.53 7.40±6.72 6.45±4.05 6.09±5.56 8.16±6.19 6.54±4.68
Stomatal conductance ‫روزﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺪاﯾﺖ‬
‫اي‬ 17.7±3.03 17.2±2.43 15.9±3.34 18.7±1.27 16.7±1.26 17.2±2.56
Stomatal resistance ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ‬
‫روزﻧﻪ‬
‫اي‬ 59.5±11.0 59.6±9.36 69.9±14.6 55.3±5.03 57.9±3.82 60.7±10.5
No. Stomatal adaxial ‫ﺑﺮگ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫روزﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬ 23739±1514 19913±2045 30313±2141 31017±2471 36380±2505 27915±6124
No. Stomatal abaxial ‫ﺑﺮگ‬ ‫ﭘﺸﺖ‬ ‫روزﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬ 27192±1666 22556±2755 35456±1994 29505±1628 39746±2365 30891±6384
Ft' ‫ﻓﻠﻮرﺳﺎﻧﺲ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ 324±45 330±47 334±40 313±12.0 317±25.1 324±36.09
F0' ‫ﻓﻠﻮرﺳﺎﻧﺲ‬ ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬ 327±45.0 336±44.9 337±41.7 31.5±11.4 319±25.22 327±36.4
Fm' ‫ﻓﻠﻮرﺳﺎﻧﺲ‬ ‫ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮ‬ 853±152 862±140 851±74.5 858±17.2 887±98.5 861±109
Fv'/Fm' II ‫ﻓﺘﻮﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ‬ 0.602±0.059 0.600±0.077 0.602±0.051 0.632±0.014 0.637±0.020 0.613±0.051
Fq'/Fm' II ‫ﻓﺘﻮﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎﺗﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ‬ 0.606±0.058 0.609±0.064 0.606±0.050 0.634±0.014 0.639±0.020 0.617±0.047
Fq'/Fv' ‫ﻓﺮود‬
‫ﻓﺘﻮﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ‬ 1.012±0.006 1.019±0.034 1.007±0.005 1.003±0.002 1.005±0.003 1.008±0.015
qL II ‫ﻓﺘﻮﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺮاﮐﺰ‬ ‫ﺑﻮدن‬ ‫ﺑﺎز‬ ‫ﺗﺨﻤﯿﻦ‬ 0.998±0.003 0.999±0.003 0.997±0.002 0.997±0.001 0.997±0.003 0.998±0.003
Leaf length ‫ﺑﺮگ‬ ‫ﻃﻮل‬ 6.61±0.727 6.34±0.50 6.94±0.57 6.41±0.528 6.34±0.648 6.55±0.623
Leaf width ‫ﺑﺮگ‬ ‫ﻋﺮض‬ 2.96±0.350 2.73±0.174 2.91±0.167 2.73±0.233 2.82±0.400 2.85±0.291
Branch No. in flowering ‫ﮔﻠﺪﻫﯽ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬ 3.19±2.06 3.20±0.869 3.44±0.886 2.17±0.694 3.78±1.71 3.22±1.48
Branch length in flowering ‫در‬ ‫اﺻﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﻮل‬
‫ﮔﻠﺪﻫﯽ‬
44.8±8.93 38.0±7.02 45.2±6.44 42.4±5.59 40.2±3.83 42.5±7.03
RWC ‫ﺑﺮگ‬ ‫آب‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي‬ 63.1±5.83 62.9±4.67 62.4±4.72 60.7±2.76 57.2±4.94 61.4±5.15
Osmotic potential ‫اﺳﻤﺰي‬ ‫ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ‬ 1.90±0.236 1.831±0.205 1.89±0.176 2.06±0.323 2.07±0.175 1.94±0.226
Cha ‫ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ‬ a 0.399±0.303 0.266±0.092 0.236±0.090 0.321±0.082 0.383±0.158 0.331±0.193
Chb ‫ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ‬ b 0.309±0.230 0.194±0.027 0.206±0.038 0.280±0.085 0.245±0.064 0.252±0.136
Carotenoids ‫ﮐﺎروﺗﻨﻮﺋﯿﺪﻫﺎ‬ 0.133±0.083 0.099±0.025 0.090±0.024 0.094±0.026 0.118±0.029 0.111±0.051
Cha/Chb ‫ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ a/b 1.25±0.320 1.36±0.335 1.1±0.244 1.17±0.229 1.54±0.284 1.29±0.307
Total pigment ‫رﻧﮓ‬ ‫ﮐﻞ‬
‫داﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻫﺎ‬ 0.840±0.606 0.560±0.133 0.533±0.148 0.695±0.175 0.746±0.244 0.694±0.370
Soluble carbohydrates ‫ﮐﺮﺑﻮﻫﯿﺪرات‬
‫ﻣﺤﻠﻮل‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ 1.34±0.711 1.31±1.176 1.41±0.857 2.24±0.459 1.45±0.495 1.49±0.782
Starch ‫ﻧﺸﺎﺳﺘﻪ‬ 109±96.6 61.9±16.3 66.3±11.5 75.7±8.4 87.6±24.5 84.0±55.7
Lowest pod height ‫اوﻟﯿﻦ‬ ‫ارﺗﻔﺎع‬
‫ﻏﻼف‬ 12.7±4.81 12.5±2.43 15.5±4.93 10.4±2.30 16.1±3.52 13.6±4.23
Plant height ‫ﺑﻮﺗﻪ‬ ‫ارﺗﻔﺎع‬ 40.7±7.86 42.5±11.2 43.8±12.9 36.3±4.38 42.4±10.7 41.4±9.51
Plant length in maturity ‫رﺳﯿﺪﮔﯽ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﻮل‬ 47.9±8.66 46.7±7.28 55.2±8.64 46.6±11.7 49.8±6.76 49.4±8.53
Pod No. Plant ‫ﺑﻮﺗﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻏﻼف‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬ 152±116 170±32.0 173±59.6 170±36.9 165±56.2 164±72.3
Pod fully No. ‫ﭘﺮ‬ ‫ﻏﻼف‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬ 131±106 147±29.4 144±46.1 147±40.9 139±41.0 140±63.9
Filled pod ‫ﺑﺎرور‬ ‫ﻏﻼف‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ 84.1±7.26 86.5±3.21 83.1±5.33 85.0±8.13 85.3±5.19 84.7±5.79
Biomass plant ‫زﯾﺴﺖ‬
‫ﺑﻮﺗﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺗﻮده‬ 80.6±51.9 81.3±18.5 87.5±32.9 85.8±27.4 91.1±28.1 84.9±34.8
100-grain weight ‫داﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﺪ‬ ‫وزن‬ 18.2±7.53 17.8±3.13 17.1±2.84 20.5±9.07 16.2±5.88 17.8±5.88
Biological yield ‫زﯾﺴﺖ‬
‫ﺗﻮده‬ 594±238 426±185 671±327 456±76.6 615±183 567±231
Grain yield ‫داﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ 251±98.4 184±81.2 294±178 213±48.9 247±90.6 242±109
Harvest index ‫ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬ 43.0±5.81 43.2±4.47 41.7±6.19 46.5±5.03 38.9±6.15 42.4±5.75
Survival ‫ﺑﻘﺎ‬ 64.0±25.0 53.5±25.1 73.7±11.2 58.0±5.06 59.3±17.8 62.5±19.6
Grain plant-1
‫ﺑﻮﺗﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫داﻧﻪ‬ ‫وزن‬ 33.0±28.2 38.3±5.98 36.8±11.5 42.1±7.41 33.8±13.7 36.0±17.2

12. 26
‫ﺟﻠﺪ‬ ،‫اﯾﺮان‬ ‫زراﻋﯽ‬ ‫ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻬﺎي‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺮﯾﻪ‬
22
‫ﺷﻤﺎره‬ ،
1
،
‫ﺑﻬﺎر‬
1403
‫ﺟﺪول‬
3
-
‫ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ‬
‫وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ‬
‫ﮔﺮوه‬
‫ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺮ‬
‫اﺳﺎس‬
‫وﯾﮋﮔﯽ‬
‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫ﻣﻮردﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‬
‫ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ‬ ‫در‬
‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫ﻧﺨﻮد‬
‫دﺳﯽ‬
Table 3- Analysis of variance of groups based on the studied characteristics of desi type chickpea genotypes
Traits ‫ﺻﻔﺎت‬ Between Groups ‫ﮔﺮوه‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬
‫ﻫﺎ‬ Within Groups ‫ﮔﺮوه‬ ‫داﺧﻞ‬
‫ﻫﺎ‬
df ‫آزادي‬ ‫درﺟﻪ‬ 4 25
Photosynthetic rate ‫ﻓﺘﻮﺳﻨﺘﺰ‬ 19.6 19.8
Transpiration rate ‫ﺗﻌﺮق‬ 0.585 1.034
CO2 substomatal ‫روزﻧﻪ‬ ‫زﯾﺮ‬ ‫اﺗﺎﻗﮏ‬ CO2 862 1358
WUE ‫آب‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺮف‬ ‫ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ‬ 8.91 23.9
Stomatal conductance ‫روزﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺪاﯾﺖ‬
‫اي‬ 6.06 6.63
Stomatal resistance ‫روزﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ‬
‫اي‬ 172* 101*
No. Stomatal adaxial ‫ﺑﺮگ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫روزﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬ 245014804** 4308558**
No. Stomatal abaxial ‫ﺑﺮگ‬ ‫ﭘﺸﺖ‬ ‫روزﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬ 268419270** 4335025**
Ft' ‫ﻓﻠﻮرﺳﺎﻧﺲ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ 390.647 1448.203
F0' ‫ﻓﻠﻮرﺳﺎﻧﺲ‬ ‫ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ‬ 486 1461
Fm' ‫ﻓﻠﻮرﺳﺎﻧﺲ‬ ‫ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮ‬ 1284 13662
Fv'/Fm' II ‫ﻓﺘﻮﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ‬ 0.002 0.003
Fq'/Fm'; II‫ﻓﺘﻮﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎﺗﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ‬ 0.002 0.002
Fq'/Fv' ‫ﻓﺘﻮﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﻓﺮود‬ 0 0
qL II‫ﻓﺘﻮﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺮاﮐﺰ‬ ‫ﺑﻮدن‬ ‫ﺑﺎز‬ ‫ﺗﺨﻤﯿﻦ‬ 0 0
Leaf length ‫ﺑﺮگ‬ ‫ﻃﻮل‬ 0.376 0.39
Leaf width ‫ﺑﺮگ‬ ‫ﻋﺮض‬ 0.066 0.088
Branch No. in flowering ‫ﮔﻠﺪﻫﯽ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬ 1.66 2.28
Branch length in flowering ‫ﮔﻠﺪﻫﯽ‬ ‫در‬ ‫اﺻﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﻮل‬ 55.7 48.4
RWC ‫ﺑﺮگ‬ ‫آب‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي‬ 38.1 24.6
Osmotic potential ‫اﺳﻤﺰي‬ ‫ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ‬ 0.063 0.049
Cha a ‫ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ‬ 0.033 0.038
Chb b ‫ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ‬ 0.015 0.019
Carotenoids ‫ﮐﺎروﺗﻨﻮﺋﯿﺪﻫﺎ‬ 0.002 0.003
Cha/Chb a/b ‫ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ 0.149* 0.085*
Total pigment ‫رﻧﮓ‬ ‫ﮐﻞ‬
‫داﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻫﺎ‬ 0.113 0.14
Soluble carbohydrates ‫ﮐﺮﺑﻮﻫﯿﺪرات‬
‫ﻣﺤﻠﻮل‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ 0.662 0.604
Starch ‫ﻧﺸﺎﺳﺘﻪ‬ 2598 3187
Lowest pod height ‫ﻏﻼف‬ ‫اوﻟﯿﻦ‬ ‫ارﺗﻔﺎع‬ 27.8* 16.3*
Plant height ‫ﺑﻮﺗﻪ‬ ‫ارﺗﻔﺎع‬ 39.6 98.6
Plant length in maturity ‫رﺳﯿﺪﮔﯽ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﻮل‬ 71.4 73.1
Pod No. Plant ‫در‬ ‫ﻏﻼف‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬
‫ﺑﻮﺗﻪ‬ 512 5987
Pod fully No. ‫ﭘﺮ‬ ‫ﻏﻼف‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬ 334 4687
Filled pod ‫ﺑﺎرور‬ ‫ﻏﻼف‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ 8.87 37.5
Biomass plant ‫زﯾﺴﺖ‬
‫ﺑﻮﺗﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺗﻮده‬ 127 1381
100-grain weight ‫داﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﺪ‬ ‫وزن‬ 12.3 38.1
Biological yield ‫زﯾﺴﺖ‬
‫ﺗﻮده‬ 58382 52334
Grain yield ‫داﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ 9342 12383
Harvest index ‫ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬ 38.1 32.3
Survival ‫ﺑﻘﺎ‬ 330 392
Grain plant-1
‫ﺑﻮﺗﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫داﻧﻪ‬ ‫وزن‬ 71.1 331
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ** ‫و‬ *
‫ﻣﻌﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ‬
‫دار‬
‫و‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﭘﻨﺞ‬ ‫اﺣﺘﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫در‬
.‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬
are significant at 5% and 1% probability levels
**
and
*

13. ‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻧﺒﺎﺗﯽ‬
،
‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ‬ ‫ﺿﺮاﯾﺐ‬
‫ﺑﯿﻮﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺎت‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫ﻣﺆﺛﺮ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬
...
27
‫ﺟﺪول‬
4
-
‫ﻣﻌﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ‬
‫آزﻣﻮن‬ ‫آﻣﺎره‬ ‫داري‬
‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫وﯾﻠﮑﺲ‬
‫ﮐﺎي‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻻﻣﺒﺪا‬
‫اﺳﮑﻮﯾﺮ‬
Table 4- Results of Wilks' Lambda and Chi-square tests
Test of Function(s)
‫ﺗﻮاﺑﻊ‬ ‫آزﻣﻮن‬
Wilks' Lambda
‫وﯾﻠﮑﺲ‬
‫ﻻﻣﺒﺪا‬
Chi-square
‫ﮐﺎي‬
‫اﺳﮑﻮﺋﺮ‬
df
‫آزادي‬ ‫درﺟﻪ‬
Sig.
‫ﻣﻌﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬
‫داري‬
1 0.000 144 84 0.000
2 0.015 67.0 60 0.249
3 0.134 32.1 38 0.738
4 0.440 13.1 18 0.783
‫ﺟﺪول‬
5
-
‫ﺻﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ‬
‫ﮔﺮوه‬
‫ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺪي‬
‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫ﻧﺨﻮد‬
‫ﺗﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫دﺳﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﯿﭗ‬
‫ﺗﺸﺨﯿﺺ‬
Table 5- The results of confirming the grouping of desi-type chickpea genotypes using the discriminant analysis
Group
‫ﮔﺮوه‬ ‫اﻋﻀﺎي‬
Group Membership
‫ﮐﻞ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻊ‬ Total
1 2 3 4 5
Total ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮع‬
1 9 0 0 0 0 9
2 0 5 0 0 0 5
3 0 0 6 0 0 6
4 0 0 0 4 0 4
5 0 0 0 0 6 6
Percent ‫درﺻﺪ‬
1 100 0 0 0 0 100
2 0 100 0 0 0 100
3 0 0 100 0 0 100
4 0 0 0 100 0 100
5 0 0 0 0 100 100
100%
‫ﮔﺮوه‬
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﮔﺮوه‬ ‫درﺳﺘﯽ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺪي‬
100% of original grouped cases correctly classified.
‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﮐ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﭼﻨﺪ‬
‫ـﻠﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻓﺎﺻ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ـ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻟﺰوﻣ‬
‫ـﯽ‬
‫ـ‬‫ژﻧﺘﯿﮑ‬
‫ـﻞ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻋﺎﻣ‬
‫ـﺪي‬
‫ـ‬‫ﮐﻠﯿ‬
‫ـﺮاي‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬
‫ـﯿﻦ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺗﻌﯿ‬
‫ـﺮوزﯾﺲ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻫﺘ‬
‫در‬
‫ـﺎه‬
‫ـ‬‫ﮔﯿ‬
) ‫ـﺖ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻧﯿﺴ‬
Suri et al., 2022
،(
‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ـﺎ‬
‫ـ‬‫اﻣ‬
‫ﻃﻮرﮐﻠﯽ‬
‫ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ‬ ‫ﻫﯿﺒﺮﯾﺪاﺳﯿﻮن‬
‫ﺑﻬﺮه‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ‬ ‫ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﯾﯽ‬
‫ـﺮي‬
‫ـ‬‫ﮔﯿ‬
‫از‬
‫ﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺘﺮوزﯾﺲ‬
‫ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ‬
‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮي‬
.‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻ‬
‫ـﻠﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻓﺎﺻ‬ ،‫ـﺎﯾﺶ‬
‫ـ‬‫آزﻣ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫در‬
‫ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ‬
‫ﺑﻮد‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺰ‬ ‫ﭘﻨﺞ‬ ‫ﮔﺮوه‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﮔﺮوه‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫؛‬
‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ـﻪ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺗﻮﺟ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ‬
‫اﯾﻦ‬
‫ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ‬ ‫ﮐــﻪ‬
‫و‬ ‫ﺑــﺎﻻﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑــﺮد‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﻘــﺎ‬ ‫درﺻــﺪ‬ ،‫ﯾــﮏ‬ ‫ﮔــﺮوه‬ ‫ﻫــﺎي‬
‫ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ‬
‫در‬ ‫ـﺘﺮي‬
‫ـ‬‫ﺑﯿﺸ‬ ‫ـﻼف‬
‫ـ‬‫ﻏ‬ ‫ـﯿﻦ‬
‫ـ‬‫اوﻟ‬ ‫ارﺗﻔﺎع‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺗﻪ‬ ‫ارﺗﻔﺎع‬ ،‫ﭘﻨﺞ‬ ‫ﮔﺮوه‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ‬ ‫ﺗﻼﻗﯽ‬ ،‫داﺷﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﮐﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ‬
‫د‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﮔﺮوه‬ ‫و‬
‫اﺻﻼح‬
‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﮔﺮان‬
‫ـﺬراﻧﯽ‬
‫ـ‬‫ﮔ‬ ‫ـﺘﺎن‬
‫ـ‬‫زﻣﺴ‬ ‫ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ارﻗﺎﻣﯽ‬ ‫آزادﺳﺎزي‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ‬
.‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯿﺰه‬ ‫ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬
‫ﺷﮑﻞ‬
5
-
‫ﮔﺮوه‬
‫ﺑﻨﺪي‬
‫ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ‬
‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫ﻧﺨﻮد‬
‫دﺳﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﯿﭗ‬
‫ﺑﺮ‬
‫اﺳﺎس‬
‫ﺧﻮﺷﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ‬
‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ‬ ‫ازﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫اي‬
‫ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ‬
Figure 5- Distribution of desi-type chickpea genotypes based on their grouping by cluster analysis in terms of genetic distance