9. A beam is a solid generated by a plane surface (Σ) whose center G describes a
curve
called the middle line. The radius of curvature of the average line is large
compared to the dimensions of the straight section (Σ).
The cross section (Σ) with center of surface G varies progressively (Fig. 1.7)
or is
constant (Fig. 1.8).
The beam has a large length compared to the transverse dimensions.
The beam has a plane of symmetry.
Points arranged identically on straight sections constitute lines called
fibers (Fig. 1.7).
The average (middle) line is also called neutral fiber.
When the mean line is a straight line, then the beam is called a straight
beam (Fig.1.8).
The straight sections of the beams studied have a plane of symmetry and
they are loaded in this plan.
1-BEAM
10.
11.
12.
13. 2 PLATE
A plate is a prismatic element of thickness h small in front of the two other
directions of
space . The average plane will be the (O, x, y) plane, the transverse
displacement being the z direction. We assume that the hypothesis of small
displacements verified.
14. 3-SCHELL
A shell is a solid bounded by two close and approximately parallel surfaces. It
is either closed on itself, or further delimited by a peripheral surface (the edge)
which joins the two main surfaces.
15. DIFFERENT TYPES OF LOADS
LOADS
EXTERNAL INTERNAL
are the efforts that the different
parts exert on each other
of the isolated system.
remote mechanical
actions
mechanical contact actions
gravity field,
electromagnetic
force, etc
at the level of its
volume
contact connections
between solids, pressure,
etc.
applies to the surface of
the solid
17. Point load or concentrated load
loads acting in a single point
18. Uniformly distributed
load (UDL)
There are loads acting through all the
beam, the intensity of the load is given on N/m
The intensity of the load is different
between the two sides of application of the
surface, the intensity W of the load is given on
N/m (W= F/L)
19. Uniformly distributed load (UDL)
If the value of the is zero in one side the
system will be represented by a right triangle
and during the analysis it will be replaced by a
point load located at 1/3 of its base with an
intensity equal to W.L ((W=(N/L).L = N)).
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