1. Data Storage
Devices

2. • A floppy disk is a disk storage medium composed of a
disk of thin and flexible magnetic storage medium, sealed
in a rectangular plastic carrier lined with fabric that
removes dust particles. They are read and written by a
floppy disk drive (FDD).
• Floppy disks, initially as 8-inch (200 mm) media and later
in 5.25-inch (133 mm) and 3.5-inch (89 mm) sizes, were
a ubiquitous form of data storage and exchange from the
mid-1970s well into the first decade of the 21st century.[1]
3.5-inch Floppy Disk

3. • The Zip Disk is a medium-capacity removable disk
storage system that was introduced by Iomega in late
1994. Originally, Zip disks launched with capacities of
100 MB, but later versions increased this to first 250 MB
and then 750 MB.
• The format became the most popular of the super-floppy
type products which filled a niche in the late 1990s
portable storage market. However it was never popular
enough to replace the 3.5-inch floppy disk nor could ever
match the storage size available on rewritable CDs and
later rewritable DVDs.
Zip Disk

4. • A MiniDisc (MD) is a magneto-optical disc-based data
storage device initially intended for storage of up to 74
minutes and, later, 80 minutes, of digitized audio. In the
form of Hi-MD, it has also developed into a general-
purpose storage medium.
• MiniDisc was announced by Sony in September 1992 and
released that November for sale in Japan and in
December for the USA and Europe.
Mini CD

5. • A tape drive is a data storage device that reads and
performs digital recording, writes data on a magnetic
tape. Magnetic tape data storage is typically used for
offline, archival data storage. Tape media generally has a
favorable unit cost and long archival stability.
• A tape drive provides sequential access storage, unlike a
disk drive, which provides random access storage. A disk
drive can move to any position on the disk in a few
milliseconds, but a tape drive must physically wind tape
between reels to read any one particular piece of data.
Tape Drive

6. • A CD-RW (Compact Disc-ReWritable) is a rewritable
optical disc. It was introduced in 1997, and was known as
"CD-Writable" during development. It was preceded by
the CD-MO, which was never commercially released.
• CD-RW disc require a more sensitive laser optics.
Also, CD-RWs cannot be read in some CD-ROM drives
built prior to 1997. CD-ROM drives will bear a
"MultiRead" certification to show compatibility. CD-RW
discs need to be blanked before reuse.
Cd-Rw

7. • CD-R is a recordable compact disc format. (Compact
Disc Recordable Compact Disk Recordable =). You can
record in multiple sessions, but the aggregate information
can not be erased or overwritten, instead you must use the
space left by the preceding session.
Recorders now come to burn CD-R 52x, a 7800 KB / s.
For many computers is difficult to maintain this rate of
recording and therefore the recorders have systems that
allow the recording to pick up a cut on the arrival of data.
Cd-R

8. • A DVD-RW disc is a rewritable optical disc with equal
storage capacity to a DVD-R, typically 4.7 GB. The
format was developed by Pioneer in November 1999 and
has been approved by the DVD Forum. The smaller Mini
DVD-RW holds 1.46 GB, with a diameter of 8 cm.
• The primary advantage of DVD-RW over DVD-R is the
ability to erase and rewrite to a DVD-RW disc. According
to Pioneer, DVD-RW discs may be written to about 1,000
times before needing replacement.
Dvd-Rw

9. • MiniDVD (Mini DVD or miniDVD) is a DVD disc
having 8 cm in diameter.
• The 8 cm optical disc format was originally used for
music CD singles, hence the commonly used names CD
single and miniCD. Similarly, the manufactured 8 cm
DVDs were originally used for music videos and as such
became known as DVD single.
Mini DVD

10. Flash Memories

11. • Flash memory is a non-volatile computer storage chip
that can be electrically erased and reprogrammed. It was
developed from EEPROM (electrically erasable
programmable read-only memory) and must be erased in
fairly large blocks before these can be rewritten with new
data. The high density NAND type must also be
programmed and read in (smaller) blocks, or pages, while
the NOR type allows a single machine word (byte) to be
written or read independently.
Flash Memories

12. • Flash memory is a non-volatile computer storage chip
that can be electrically erased and reprogrammed. It was
developed from EEPROM (electrically erasable
programmable read-only memory) and must be erased in
fairly large blocks before these can be rewritten with new
data. The high density NAND type must also be
programmed and read in (smaller) blocks, or pages, while
the NOR type allows a single machine word (byte) to be
written or read independently.
Secure Digital

13. • MicroSD or TransFlash cards correspond to a format of flash
memory card smaller than MiniSD, developed by
SanDisk, adopted by the SD Card Association [1] under the
name "microSD" in July 2005. It measures only 15 × 11 × 1
mm, which gives an area of 165 mm ². This is three and a half
times smaller than miniSD, which was until the advent of
smaller microSD format SD card, and is about one tenth the
volume of an SD card. Its transfer rates are not
high, however, companies like SanDisk have worked on
it, leading to versions that support read speeds up to 10 Mb / s.
Currently, there are already microSD cards made ​by Panasonic
that reach 90 Mb / s read and 80 Mb / s write, but are still
unaffordable prices for most of the public.
Micro SD

14. • CompactFlash (CF) is a mass storage device format used in portable
electronic devices. Most CompactFlash devices contain flash
memory in a standardized enclosure. The format was first specified
and produced by SanDisk in 1994.[4] The physical format is now used
for a variety of devices.
• CompactFlash became the most successful of the early memory card
formats, surpassing Miniature Card, SmartMedia, and PC Card Type
I in popularity. Subsequent formats, such as MMC/SD, various
Memory Stick formats, and xD-Picture Card offered stiff
competition. Most of these cards are smaller than CompactFlash
while offering comparable capacity and speed. Proprietary memory
card formats for use in professional audio and video, such as P2 and
SxS, are physically larger, faster, and costlier.
Compact Flash

15. • The MultiMediaCard (MMC) is a flash memory memory
card standard. Unveiled in 1997 by SanDisk and Siemens
AG, it is based on Toshiba's NAND-based flash memory, and
is therefore much smaller than earlier systems based on Intel
NOR-based memory such as CompactFlash. MMC is about the
size of a postage stamp: 24 mm × 32 mm × 1.4 mm. MMC
originally used a 1-bit serial interface, but newer versions of
the specification allow transfers of 4 or 8 bits at a time. It has
been more or less superseded by SD (Secure Digital) card, but
still sees significant use because MMCs can be used in most
devices that support SD cards.
Multimedia Card

16. • The Smart Media format was launched in the summer of
1995[citation needed] to compete with the Mini
Card, CompactFlash, and PC card formats[citation needed].
Although memory cards are nowadays associated with
digital cameras, digital audio players, PDAs, and similar
devices, Smart Media was pitched as a successor to the
computer floppy disk. Indeed, the format was originally
named Solid State Floppy Disk Card (SSFDC).[1] The
SSFDC forum, a consortium aiming to promote SSFDC
as an industry standard, was founded in April
1996, consisting of 37 initial members.[2]
Smart Media

17. • A memory card is a memory chip that holds its content
without power. There are different types of cards.
The term was coined by Flash Memory Toshiba, for its
ability to delete "in a flash" (instant). EEPROM
derivatives are erased in fixed blocks, instead of bytes
alone. The block sizes usually range from 512 bytes to
256KB.los flash chips are less expensive and provide
higher bit densities. In addition, the flash is becoming an
alternative for it can be easily upgraded EPROM.
Mini MMC

18. • The cards were developed by Olympus and Fujifilm, and
introduced into the market in July 2002. Toshiba
Corporation and Samsung Electronics manufacture the
cards for Olympus and Fujifilm. xD cards are sold under
other brands, including Kodak, SanDisk, PNY, and
Lexar, but are not branded with the respective companies'
logos, except for Kodak. Because of its higher cost and
limited usage in products other than digital cameras, xD
has lost ground to SD, which is broadly used by cellular
phones, personal computers, digital audio players and
most other digital camera manufacturers.
XD

19. • The USB mass storage device class, otherwise known as USB
MSC or UMS, is a protocol that allows a Universal Serial Bus
(USB) device to become accessible to a host computing
device, to enable file transfers between the two. To the host
device, the USB device appears similar to an external hard
drive, enabling drag-and-drop file transfers.
• The USB mass storage device class comprises a set of
computing communications protocols defined by the USB
Implementers Forum that run on the Universal Serial Bus. The
standard provides an interface to a variety of storage devices.
Memory Pen