El Sr. Tompkins observa un extraño comportamiento de las bolas de billar en una taberna, que parecen "desplazarse" y "dispersarse" al chocar entre sí. El profesor explica que se trata de fenómenos cuánticos como la incertidumbre en la posición y velocidad de las partículas. Las bolas tienen una constante cuántica mayor que permite ver efectos que solo se observan en el nivel atómico. El profesor también habla de cómo los átomos radiactivos se desintegran espontáneamente
Una revista de física cuántica para amateurs, donde no va encontrar complejas ecuaciones, sino simplemente, es posible que se encuentre con curiosidades del mundo cuántico.
Una revista de física cuántica para amateurs, donde no va encontrar complejas ecuaciones, sino simplemente, es posible que se encuentre con curiosidades del mundo cuántico.
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
This article is all about what AI trends will emerge in the field of creative operations in 2024. All the marketers and brand builders should be aware of these trends for their further use and save themselves some time!
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
This article is all about what AI trends will emerge in the field of creative operations in 2024. All the marketers and brand builders should be aware of these trends for their further use and save themselves some time!
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Del breviario del sr tompkins
1. Del breviario del Sr. Tompkins
(del libro El Breviario del Sr. Tompkins del físico ruso George Gamow)
El Sr. Tompkins volvía a su casa un día, muy cansado después de la larga jornada de
trabajo en el banco, que estaba realizando un catastro. Al pasar por una taberna, decidió
detenerse a tomar un vaso de cerveza. Al vaso siguieron otros, hasta que el sr. Tompkins
empezó a sentirse mareado. Había al fondo una sala de billar, llena de hombres de
mangas de camisa que jugaban en la mesa central. Recordó vagamente haber estado
antes en el lugar, al que uno de sus compañeros de oficina lo había llevado para
enseñarle a jugar. Se acercó a la mesa y empezó a mirar la partida. Pero sucedía algo
muy extraño! Un jugador puso una bola en la mesa y le dio con el taco. Al mirarla
rodar, el sr. Tompkins advirtió con gran sorpresa que la bola empezaba a "desplazarse".
No podía describir con otra palabra el extraño comportamiento de la bola, la cual,
mientras recorría el tapete verde, se veía cada vez mas desleída, y perdía sus límites
claros. Parecía que no era una sola bola la que rodaba por la mesa, sino muchas, que se
penetraban parcialmente entre si. El sr. Tompkins había observado fenómenos análogos
en otras ocasiones, pero ahora solo había tomado algo de cerveza y no veía la razón de
que se le presentasen tan pronto. -Bueno -pensó-, vamos a ver como choca esa bola
pastosa con otra.
El jugador que golpeó la bola era evidentemente un experto, pues esta choco de frente
con otra, con la mayor precisión. Sonó un golpe seco y tanto la bola incidente como la
golpeada (el sr. Tompkins no podía decidir con certeza cual era cual) se dispersaron "en
todas direcciones". Era extraordinario en efecto: no se trataba ya de dos bolas, de
aspecto más o menos difuminado, sino que se diría que una multitud de ellas -todas muy
vagas y confusas- se desplegaban en un ángulo de 180 grados en torno a la dirección del
impacto original. Parecía una onda peculiar que partiese del punto de la colisión.
El sr. Tompkins notó, sin embargo, que por donde corrían mas bolas era en la dirección
del impacto.
-Dispersión de la onda S-dijo una voz familiar detrás de el, y el sr. Tompkins reconoció
al profesor.
-Así es- respondió el profesor-. ... lo que esta usted observando es en realidad un
fenómeno mecánico cuántico.
- Ah, las matrices!- insinuó el sr. Tompkins con sorna.
-O, mejor, la incertidumbre del movimiento- replicó el profesor-. El propietario de este
billar ha reunido aquí varios objetos que padecen, valga la expresión, de "elefantiasis
cuántica". Es claro que todos los cuerpos del universo están sometidos a leyes cuánticas,
pero la llamada constante cuántica, que gobierna semejantes fenómenos, es muy
pequeña: tiene nada menos que 27 ceros después del punto decimal. Pero para estas
bolas, sin embargo, la constante es muchísimo mayor, próxima a la unidad; así puede
usted contemplar fenómenos que la ciencia solo consiguió descubrir aplicando métodos
de observación muy sensibles y rebuscados --al llegar a este punto el profesor se quedo
unos instantes reflexionando.
-No es mi intención criticar- siguió diciendo-, pero quisiera saber de donde salieron
estas bolas. Estrictamente hablando, no pueden existir en nuestro mundo, por que todos
los cuerpos comprendidos en el poseen la misma constante cuántica muy pequeña.
-A lo mejor las trajeron de otro mundo- propuso el sr. Tompkins-. Pero el profesor no
quedo conforme y siguió con aire suspicaz.
-Habrá notado usted- prosiguió- que las bolas "se despliegan". O sea que su posición
sobre la mesa no es del todo definida. En realidad, es imposible señalar exactamente la
2. posición de una bola: lo más que puede decirse es que determinada bola esta "aquí en su
mayor parte" y "el resto en otros lugares".
-Lo cual es extrañísimo- murmuró el sr. Tompkins.
- Por el contrario- insistió el profesor-, es de lo más natural, puesto que lo mismo sucede
en todo momento a cualquier cuerpo material. Lo que pasa es que , a causa del pequeño
valor de la constante cuántica y la tosquedad de los métodos de observación, la gente no
advierte la incertidumbre, lo cual lleva a la errónea conclusión de que la velocidad y la
posición son magnitudes definidas. En realidad, ambas son indefinidas hasta cierto
punto, y al definir una con precisión creciente, la otra se "dispersa" cada vez mas,
haciéndose mas incierta. Precisamente es la constante cuántica la que gobierna la
relación entre estas dos incertidumbres. Mire usted: voy a poner límites a la posición de
esta bola, encerrándola en un triángulo de madera.
En cuanto la bola quedo encerrada, la superficie interior del triángulo se lleno
enteramente con el lustre del marfil.
-Vea! - dijo el profesor-. Definí la posición de la bola limitándola a las dimensiones del
triángulo, solo unos cuantos centímetros. Y esa conduce a una considerable
incertidumbre en la velocidad. La bola se esta moviendo muy de prisa dentro del
triángulo.
-Es posible detenerla? - pregunto el sr. Tompkins.
-No. Sería físicamente imposible. Cualquier cuerpo en un espacio limitado posee cierto
movimiento: el "movimiento del punto cero", como decimos los físicos. Es el caso, por
ejemplo, del movimiento de los electrones en cualquier átomo.
El sr. Tompkins contemplaba agitarse la bola en su encierro, como un tigre enjaulado,
cuando sucedió algo inesperado: la bola se "escapo" a través de la pared del triángulo, y
un instante después corría hacia la esquina opuesta de la mesa. Lo raro del caso es que
no saltó sobre la pared de madera, sino que la atravesó, sin levantarse de la mesa.
-Ahí tiene- dijo el Sr. Tompkins-. Su "movimiento del punto cero" se ha escapado.
También eso esta en las reglas?
-No faltaría más. Se trata, es verdad, de una de las consecuencias más interesantes de la
teoría cuántica. Es imposible mantener un objeto encerrado mientras tenga energía
suficiente para correr después de atravesar la pared. Siempre acabara por "escaparse".
-Entonces no volveré jamás al zoológico- dijo el sr. Tompkins con decisión, mientras su
vivida imaginación le presentaba un cuadro aterrador de tigres y leones "cruzando" las
paredes de sus jaulas. Y en seguida sus pensamientos tomaron otro rumbo: se imagino
un coche, perfectamente resguardado en un garaje, saliendo por la pared, como un viejo
fantasma medieval.
-Cuanto tiempo tendría que esperar para que un coche de acero ordinario ( no de la
materia de estas bolas ) "atravesara", digamos, la pared de un garaje de ladrillo?
-pregunto al profesor-. Me encantaría verlo!
El profesor hizo algunos rápidos cálculos mentales y respondió al fin:
-Aproximadamente harían falta digamos unos 1 000 000 000 000 000 de años.
El sr. Tompkins estaba acostumbrado a las grandes cifras de las cuentas bancarias, pero
perdió el numero de ceros mencionados por el profesor. En cualquier caso, bastaban
para no tener que preocuparse por la huida del coche.
-Supongamos que me creo todo lo que usted dice. No puedo concebir, sin embargo,
como podrían observarse estas cosas sin las bolas que tenemos aquí.
-Objeción muy razonable- admitió el profesor-. No he tenido la intención de decir que
los fenómenos cuánticos pudieran observarse en los grandes objetos que manejamos en
la vida ordinaria. Lo que pasa es que los efectos de las leyes cuánticas son mucho más
apreciables en las masas diminutas, como los átomos y electrones. En estas partículas
3. los efectos cuánticos son tan importantes, que la mecánica corriente resulta del todo
inaplicable. La colisión entre dos átomos se parece muchísimo al choque de las bolas
que vimos hace un momento, y el movimiento de los electrones de un átomo
corresponde de cerca al "movimiento del punto cero" que mostraba la bola de billar
cuando la encerré en el triángulo de madera.
-Y los átomos escapan del garaje muy a menudo?
-Si, por cierto. Indudablemente usted habrá oído hablar de los cuerpos radiactivos,
cuyos átomos se desintegran espontáneamente, emitiendo partículas velocísimas. Un
átomo así, o mejor dicho, su parte central, el núcleo, es análogo a un garaje lleno de
coches, o sea partículas. Y esas partículas escapan atravesando las paredes del núcleo; a
veces no están dentro ni un segundo. En semejantes núcleos los fenómenos cuánticos
están verdaderamente a la orden del día!
El sr. Tompkins, cansado de esta larga exposición, miraba distraídamente a su
alrededor. Un gran reloj colocado en un rincón atrajo su atención. El largo y anticuado
péndulo oscilaba sosegadamente de izquierda a derecha.
-Veo que le interesa el reloj -intervino el profesor-. Es otro mecanismo no del todo
corriente, pero hoy en día esta pasado de moda. Este reloj da una idea de como se
describían al principio los fenómenos cuánticos. El péndulo esta dispuesto de tal forma
que su amplitud solo puede recibir incrementos finitos. Pero actualmente todos los
relojeros prefieren los péndulos patentados, de despliegue.
-Como me gustaría entender estas cosas tan complicadas -suspiro el sr. Tompkins.
-Muy bien -repuso el profesor-yo entre en esta taberna por que lo vi a usted por la
ventana cuando me dirigía a dictar mi conferencia sobre la teoría cuántica. Ya no puedo
quedarme mas tiempo si es que no quiero llegar tarde a mi conferencia. No viene usted?
-Claro que si! -exclamo el sr. Tompkins.
El gran auditorio estaba, como siempre, atestado de estudiantes, y el sr. Tompkins pudo
tenerse por afortunado cuando halló donde sentarse en un escalón.
Gamow, George., 1985. El breviario del señor Tompkins : En el país de las maravillas.
La Investigación del átomo (Fondo de Cultura Económica : México)