The document describes the Regula Falsi method, a numerical method for estimating the roots of a polynomial function. The Regula Falsi method improves on the bisection method by using a value x that replaces the midpoint, serving as a new approximation of a root. An example problem demonstrates applying the Regula Falsi method to find the root of a function between 1 and 2 to within 3 decimal places. Limitations of the method include potential slow convergence, reliance on sign changes to find guesses, and inability to detect multiple roots.
This document describes the False Position Method for finding the roots of equations. The method uses linear interpolation to estimate the root between two initial guesses that bracket it. It improves on the bisection method by choosing a "false position" where the line between the guesses crosses the x-axis, rather than the midpoint. The false position formula is derived using similar triangles. An example applying the method to find a root of x^3 - 2x - 3 = 0 is shown. The merits of the false position method are faster convergence compared to bisection, while the demirits are possible non-monotonic convergence and lack of precision guarantee.
The document provides information about the bisection method for finding roots of non-linear equations. It defines the bisection method, outlines its basis and key steps, and provides an example of using the method to find the depth at which a floating ball is submerged in water. Over 10 iterations, the bisection method converges on an estimated root of 0.06241 for the example equation, with 2 significant digits found to be correct after the final iteration. The document also discusses an application of using the bisection method to find resistance of a thermistor at a given temperature.
This document provides an overview of the topics covered in the Numerical Methods course CISE-301. It discusses:
- Numerical methods as algorithms used to obtain numerical solutions to mathematical problems when analytical solutions do not exist or are difficult to obtain.
- Specific topics that will be covered, including solution of nonlinear equations, linear equations, curve fitting, interpolation, numerical integration, differentiation, and ordinary and partial differential equations.
- An introduction to Taylor series and how they can be used to approximate functions, along with examples of Maclaurin series expansions.
- How numerical representations of real numbers like floating point can lead to rounding errors, and the concepts of accuracy and precision in numerical calculations.
This document discusses several numerical analysis methods for finding roots of equations or solving systems of equations. It describes the bisection method for finding roots of continuous functions, the method of false positions for approximating roots between two values with opposite signs of a function, Gauss elimination for transforming a system of equations into triangular form, Gauss-Jordan method which further eliminates variables in equations below, and iterative methods which find solutions through successive approximations rather than direct computation.
The false position method is a root-finding algorithm that uses linear interpolation to estimate the root of a function. It improves upon the bisection method by using the function values at the endpoints of the interval rather than just their signs. The method chooses the intercept of the secant line through the two endpoints as the next approximation of the root, and continues iteratively narrowing the interval until the root is found.
The document discusses finite fields and related algebraic concepts. It begins by defining groups, rings, and fields. It then focuses on finite fields, particularly GF(p) fields consisting of integers modulo a prime p. It discusses finding multiplicative inverses in such fields using the extended Euclidean algorithm. As an example, it finds the inverse of 550 modulo 1759.
Regula Falsi or False Position Method is one of the iterative (bracketing) Method for solving root(s) of nonlinear equation under Numerical Methods or Analysis.
The document describes the Regula Falsi method, a numerical method for estimating the roots of a polynomial function. The Regula Falsi method improves on the bisection method by using a value x that replaces the midpoint, serving as a new approximation of a root. An example problem demonstrates applying the Regula Falsi method to find the root of a function between 1 and 2 to within 3 decimal places. Limitations of the method include potential slow convergence, reliance on sign changes to find guesses, and inability to detect multiple roots.
This document describes the False Position Method for finding the roots of equations. The method uses linear interpolation to estimate the root between two initial guesses that bracket it. It improves on the bisection method by choosing a "false position" where the line between the guesses crosses the x-axis, rather than the midpoint. The false position formula is derived using similar triangles. An example applying the method to find a root of x^3 - 2x - 3 = 0 is shown. The merits of the false position method are faster convergence compared to bisection, while the demirits are possible non-monotonic convergence and lack of precision guarantee.
The document provides information about the bisection method for finding roots of non-linear equations. It defines the bisection method, outlines its basis and key steps, and provides an example of using the method to find the depth at which a floating ball is submerged in water. Over 10 iterations, the bisection method converges on an estimated root of 0.06241 for the example equation, with 2 significant digits found to be correct after the final iteration. The document also discusses an application of using the bisection method to find resistance of a thermistor at a given temperature.
This document provides an overview of the topics covered in the Numerical Methods course CISE-301. It discusses:
- Numerical methods as algorithms used to obtain numerical solutions to mathematical problems when analytical solutions do not exist or are difficult to obtain.
- Specific topics that will be covered, including solution of nonlinear equations, linear equations, curve fitting, interpolation, numerical integration, differentiation, and ordinary and partial differential equations.
- An introduction to Taylor series and how they can be used to approximate functions, along with examples of Maclaurin series expansions.
- How numerical representations of real numbers like floating point can lead to rounding errors, and the concepts of accuracy and precision in numerical calculations.
This document discusses several numerical analysis methods for finding roots of equations or solving systems of equations. It describes the bisection method for finding roots of continuous functions, the method of false positions for approximating roots between two values with opposite signs of a function, Gauss elimination for transforming a system of equations into triangular form, Gauss-Jordan method which further eliminates variables in equations below, and iterative methods which find solutions through successive approximations rather than direct computation.
The false position method is a root-finding algorithm that uses linear interpolation to estimate the root of a function. It improves upon the bisection method by using the function values at the endpoints of the interval rather than just their signs. The method chooses the intercept of the secant line through the two endpoints as the next approximation of the root, and continues iteratively narrowing the interval until the root is found.
The document discusses finite fields and related algebraic concepts. It begins by defining groups, rings, and fields. It then focuses on finite fields, particularly GF(p) fields consisting of integers modulo a prime p. It discusses finding multiplicative inverses in such fields using the extended Euclidean algorithm. As an example, it finds the inverse of 550 modulo 1759.
Regula Falsi or False Position Method is one of the iterative (bracketing) Method for solving root(s) of nonlinear equation under Numerical Methods or Analysis.
This document presents methods for solving single non-linear equations and systems of non-linear equations numerically. It describes the Newton-Raphson and secant methods. The Newton-Raphson method uses iterative approximations based on the Taylor series expansion and its derivative to find roots. The secant method approximates the derivative as the difference quotient. MATLAB functions are provided to implement both methods to find roots of sample non-linear equations.
The document provides information about numerical methods topics including:
1) Lagrange's interpolation formula for finding a polynomial that passes through given data points, either equally or unequally spaced. The formula uses divided differences to find the coefficients.
2) Newton's divided difference interpolation formula for unequal intervals that also uses divided differences.
3) The nature of divided differences - for a polynomial of degree n, the nth divided difference is constant.
4) Examples of evaluating divided differences and constructing divided difference tables are given.
How to handle Initial Value Problems using numerical techniques?
#WikiCourses
https://wikicourses.wikispaces.com/Topic+Initial+Value+Problems
https://eau-esa.wikispaces.com/Topic+Initial+Value+Problems
The secant method is a root-finding algorithm that uses successive secant lines to approximate the root of a function. It can be considered a finite difference approximation of Newton's method. The secant method converges faster than linear but not quite quadratically, and only requires evaluating the function at each iteration rather than both the function and its derivative like Newton's method. Therefore, the secant method may be more efficient in some cases, though it does not always guarantee convergence like Newton's method.
The bisection method is an iterative method for finding the root of a non-linear equation. It works by repeatedly bisecting an interval and narrowing in on the root. The method takes an initial interval [a,b] where the function values at the endpoints have opposite signs, indicating a root exists in the interval. It then computes the midpoint m of the interval. If the function values at m and a have the same sign, the root must lie in [m,b], otherwise it is in [a,m]. This process of bisecting the interval continues until the interval size is sufficiently small. The method is simple to implement and requires only one function evaluation per iteration but converges slowly.
The document discusses the bisection method for finding roots of equations. It begins by defining the bisection method as a root finding technique that repeatedly bisects an interval and selects a subinterval containing the root. It notes that while simple and robust, the bisection method converges slowly. The document then provides the step-by-step algorithm for implementing the bisection method and works through an example of finding the root of f(x) = x^2 - 2 between 1 and 2. It concludes by presenting the bisection method code in C++.
The document summarizes numerical methods for finding the roots of equations, including the Newton-Raphson method, secant method, false position method, and methods for handling repeated roots.
The Newton-Raphson method uses the tangent line to iteratively find better approximations to the root. It has quadratic convergence but may diverge for repeated roots. The secant method approximates the derivative using two points to overcome issues with the Newton-Raphson method. The false position method uses linear interpolation in each interval to home in on the root. For repeated roots, the modified Newton-Raphson method solves for the roots of a related function to ensure convergence.
Numerical method for solving non linear equationsMdHaque78
This document discusses numerical methods for solving nonlinear equations. It describes two types of methods - bracket/close methods which include bisection and false position, and open methods which include fixed point iteration and Newton-Raphson. For each method, it provides the algorithm, works through an example problem, and discusses advantages and disadvantages. The document was presented by three students at North Western University, Khulna on the topic of numerical methods for solving nonlinear equations.
The document discusses numerical computing and various interpolation techniques. Numerical computing involves solving complex mathematical problems using simple arithmetic operations by formulating models that can be solved numerically. The document then discusses nonlinear equations and various iterative methods to solve them, including bracketing methods like bisection and regula falsi, and open-end methods like Newton-Raphson and secant. It also discusses fixed point iteration. Finally, it covers interpolation techniques like Lagrange interpolation and Newton interpolation to estimate values of a function at intermediate points.
Secant method is mathematical Root finding method. Most of techniques like this method but it is useful and time managing strategy.
So, refer this method its is useful for root finding.
The secant method is a root-finding algorithm that uses successive secants of a function to linearly approximate the root. It requires two initial guesses, x0 and x1, to construct a secant line through the points (x0, f(x0)) and (x1, f(x1)). The x-intercept of this line provides the next approximation x2. Repeating this process iteratively refines the approximation until the root is found to within a desired precision. The secant method converges faster than bisection near roots and does not require evaluating derivatives, but it may fail to converge for some functions.
This lecture contains Newton Raphson Method working rule, Graphical representation, Example, Pros and cons of this method and a Matlab Code.
Explanation is available here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NmwwcfyvHVg&lc=UgwqFcZZrXScgYBZPcV4AaABAg
The document describes the bisection method, also known as interval halving, for finding roots of nonlinear equations. It discusses Bolzano's theorem which guarantees a root between intervals where the function changes sign. The bisection algorithm iteratively halves intervals and chooses the sub-interval based on the function value. The number of iterations needed for a given tolerance can be determined from the log formula provided. An example finds the root of an exponential equation in 10 iterations to within tolerance 10^-3.
- Rolle's theorem states that if a function f(x) is continuous on a closed interval [a,b] and differentiable on the open interval (a,b), with f(a) = f(b), then there exists at least one value c in (a,b) where the derivative f'(c) = 0.
- The mean value theorem states that if a function f(x) is continuous on a closed interval [a,b] and differentiable on the open interval (a,b), then there exists a value c in (a,b) such that the average rate of change of f over the interval [a,b] equals the instantaneous rate of change
This document discusses the secant method for finding roots of equations numerically. It provides an overview of the secant method graphically and analytically based on the Newton-Raphson method formula. It then gives an example problem of using the secant method to find a real root of an equation accurate to five significant figures, showing the calculations in a tabular form. The root is calculated to be 3.1004.
The document discusses numerical methods for finding roots of functions. It introduces the bisection method for finding a root of a continuous function f(x) within a given interval [a,b] where f(a) and f(b) have opposite signs. The method bisects the interval into two subintervals and recursively narrows in on the root by testing the sign of f(x) at the midpoint of each subinterval. An example applies the bisection method to find a root of the function f(x)=x^3-x-1 between 1 and 2.
The secant method is a root-finding algorithm that uses successive secant lines to converge on a root of an equation. It begins with two initial points and finds where the secant line between those points intersects the x-axis. It then uses the intersection point as the next estimate and draws a new secant line. This process repeats until the estimate converges within a specified tolerance of the root. The secant method requires only function evaluations, unlike other methods that also require derivative evaluations. However, it may not always converge and provides no error bounds for the estimates.
This document discusses differential equations and includes the following key points:
1. It defines differential equations and provides examples of ordinary and partial differential equations of varying orders.
2. It classifies differential equations as ordinary or partial, linear or non-linear, and of first or higher order. Examples are given of each type.
3. Applications of differential equations are listed, including modeling projectile motion, electric circuits, heat transfer, vibrations, population growth, and chemical reactions.
4. Methods of solving differential equations including finding general and particular solutions are explained. Initial value and boundary value problems are also defined.
Fortran is a general-purpose programming language, mainly intended for mathematical computations in
science applications
this chapter is the third chapter
Analysis for engineers _roots_ overeruptionuttamna97
This document discusses numerical methods for finding roots of equations. It introduces graphical methods for simple functions, as well as bracketing methods that use two initial guesses to bracket the root. The bisection method and false position (regula falsi) method are explained in detail. Bisection takes the average of the bracketing guesses at each iteration, while false position uses linear interpolation. Examples are provided to illustrate applying both methods to example functions and comparing their rates of convergence.
This document presents methods for solving single non-linear equations and systems of non-linear equations numerically. It describes the Newton-Raphson and secant methods. The Newton-Raphson method uses iterative approximations based on the Taylor series expansion and its derivative to find roots. The secant method approximates the derivative as the difference quotient. MATLAB functions are provided to implement both methods to find roots of sample non-linear equations.
The document provides information about numerical methods topics including:
1) Lagrange's interpolation formula for finding a polynomial that passes through given data points, either equally or unequally spaced. The formula uses divided differences to find the coefficients.
2) Newton's divided difference interpolation formula for unequal intervals that also uses divided differences.
3) The nature of divided differences - for a polynomial of degree n, the nth divided difference is constant.
4) Examples of evaluating divided differences and constructing divided difference tables are given.
How to handle Initial Value Problems using numerical techniques?
#WikiCourses
https://wikicourses.wikispaces.com/Topic+Initial+Value+Problems
https://eau-esa.wikispaces.com/Topic+Initial+Value+Problems
The secant method is a root-finding algorithm that uses successive secant lines to approximate the root of a function. It can be considered a finite difference approximation of Newton's method. The secant method converges faster than linear but not quite quadratically, and only requires evaluating the function at each iteration rather than both the function and its derivative like Newton's method. Therefore, the secant method may be more efficient in some cases, though it does not always guarantee convergence like Newton's method.
The bisection method is an iterative method for finding the root of a non-linear equation. It works by repeatedly bisecting an interval and narrowing in on the root. The method takes an initial interval [a,b] where the function values at the endpoints have opposite signs, indicating a root exists in the interval. It then computes the midpoint m of the interval. If the function values at m and a have the same sign, the root must lie in [m,b], otherwise it is in [a,m]. This process of bisecting the interval continues until the interval size is sufficiently small. The method is simple to implement and requires only one function evaluation per iteration but converges slowly.
The document discusses the bisection method for finding roots of equations. It begins by defining the bisection method as a root finding technique that repeatedly bisects an interval and selects a subinterval containing the root. It notes that while simple and robust, the bisection method converges slowly. The document then provides the step-by-step algorithm for implementing the bisection method and works through an example of finding the root of f(x) = x^2 - 2 between 1 and 2. It concludes by presenting the bisection method code in C++.
The document summarizes numerical methods for finding the roots of equations, including the Newton-Raphson method, secant method, false position method, and methods for handling repeated roots.
The Newton-Raphson method uses the tangent line to iteratively find better approximations to the root. It has quadratic convergence but may diverge for repeated roots. The secant method approximates the derivative using two points to overcome issues with the Newton-Raphson method. The false position method uses linear interpolation in each interval to home in on the root. For repeated roots, the modified Newton-Raphson method solves for the roots of a related function to ensure convergence.
Numerical method for solving non linear equationsMdHaque78
This document discusses numerical methods for solving nonlinear equations. It describes two types of methods - bracket/close methods which include bisection and false position, and open methods which include fixed point iteration and Newton-Raphson. For each method, it provides the algorithm, works through an example problem, and discusses advantages and disadvantages. The document was presented by three students at North Western University, Khulna on the topic of numerical methods for solving nonlinear equations.
The document discusses numerical computing and various interpolation techniques. Numerical computing involves solving complex mathematical problems using simple arithmetic operations by formulating models that can be solved numerically. The document then discusses nonlinear equations and various iterative methods to solve them, including bracketing methods like bisection and regula falsi, and open-end methods like Newton-Raphson and secant. It also discusses fixed point iteration. Finally, it covers interpolation techniques like Lagrange interpolation and Newton interpolation to estimate values of a function at intermediate points.
Secant method is mathematical Root finding method. Most of techniques like this method but it is useful and time managing strategy.
So, refer this method its is useful for root finding.
The secant method is a root-finding algorithm that uses successive secants of a function to linearly approximate the root. It requires two initial guesses, x0 and x1, to construct a secant line through the points (x0, f(x0)) and (x1, f(x1)). The x-intercept of this line provides the next approximation x2. Repeating this process iteratively refines the approximation until the root is found to within a desired precision. The secant method converges faster than bisection near roots and does not require evaluating derivatives, but it may fail to converge for some functions.
This lecture contains Newton Raphson Method working rule, Graphical representation, Example, Pros and cons of this method and a Matlab Code.
Explanation is available here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NmwwcfyvHVg&lc=UgwqFcZZrXScgYBZPcV4AaABAg
The document describes the bisection method, also known as interval halving, for finding roots of nonlinear equations. It discusses Bolzano's theorem which guarantees a root between intervals where the function changes sign. The bisection algorithm iteratively halves intervals and chooses the sub-interval based on the function value. The number of iterations needed for a given tolerance can be determined from the log formula provided. An example finds the root of an exponential equation in 10 iterations to within tolerance 10^-3.
- Rolle's theorem states that if a function f(x) is continuous on a closed interval [a,b] and differentiable on the open interval (a,b), with f(a) = f(b), then there exists at least one value c in (a,b) where the derivative f'(c) = 0.
- The mean value theorem states that if a function f(x) is continuous on a closed interval [a,b] and differentiable on the open interval (a,b), then there exists a value c in (a,b) such that the average rate of change of f over the interval [a,b] equals the instantaneous rate of change
This document discusses the secant method for finding roots of equations numerically. It provides an overview of the secant method graphically and analytically based on the Newton-Raphson method formula. It then gives an example problem of using the secant method to find a real root of an equation accurate to five significant figures, showing the calculations in a tabular form. The root is calculated to be 3.1004.
The document discusses numerical methods for finding roots of functions. It introduces the bisection method for finding a root of a continuous function f(x) within a given interval [a,b] where f(a) and f(b) have opposite signs. The method bisects the interval into two subintervals and recursively narrows in on the root by testing the sign of f(x) at the midpoint of each subinterval. An example applies the bisection method to find a root of the function f(x)=x^3-x-1 between 1 and 2.
The secant method is a root-finding algorithm that uses successive secant lines to converge on a root of an equation. It begins with two initial points and finds where the secant line between those points intersects the x-axis. It then uses the intersection point as the next estimate and draws a new secant line. This process repeats until the estimate converges within a specified tolerance of the root. The secant method requires only function evaluations, unlike other methods that also require derivative evaluations. However, it may not always converge and provides no error bounds for the estimates.
This document discusses differential equations and includes the following key points:
1. It defines differential equations and provides examples of ordinary and partial differential equations of varying orders.
2. It classifies differential equations as ordinary or partial, linear or non-linear, and of first or higher order. Examples are given of each type.
3. Applications of differential equations are listed, including modeling projectile motion, electric circuits, heat transfer, vibrations, population growth, and chemical reactions.
4. Methods of solving differential equations including finding general and particular solutions are explained. Initial value and boundary value problems are also defined.
Fortran is a general-purpose programming language, mainly intended for mathematical computations in
science applications
this chapter is the third chapter
Analysis for engineers _roots_ overeruptionuttamna97
This document discusses numerical methods for finding roots of equations. It introduces graphical methods for simple functions, as well as bracketing methods that use two initial guesses to bracket the root. The bisection method and false position (regula falsi) method are explained in detail. Bisection takes the average of the bracketing guesses at each iteration, while false position uses linear interpolation. Examples are provided to illustrate applying both methods to example functions and comparing their rates of convergence.
The document provides the steps to solve a multi-part calculus problem involving derivatives, tangent lines, and circles. It determines the derivative of two functions f(x) and g(x), finds the equations of the tangent lines at specific x-values, identifies the intersection points of the tangent lines, and uses those intersection points as the centers of three circles with a radius of 5 to write the equations of the circles.
The document provides the steps to solve a multi-part calculus problem. It involves finding the derivative of two functions, determining the equations of tangent lines to those functions at given points, finding the intersection points of those tangent lines, and using those intersection points to write the equations of three circles with a radius of 5.
The document defines and explains key concepts regarding quadratic functions including:
- The three common forms of quadratic functions: general, vertex, and factored form
- How to find the x-intercepts, y-intercept, and vertex of a quadratic function
- Methods for solving quadratic equations including factoring, completing the square, and the quadratic formula
- How to graph quadratic functions by identifying intercepts and the vertex
The document introduces numerical methods for finding the roots or zeros of equations of the form f(x) = 0, where f(x) is an algebraic or transcendental function. It focuses on the bisection method, also called the Bolzano method, which uses interval bisection to bracket the root between two values where f(x) has opposite signs. The method iteratively narrows down the interval to find the root to within a specified tolerance. Several examples demonstrate applying the bisection method to find roots of polynomial, logarithmic, and trigonometric equations.
1. The document discusses function notation and evaluating functions algebraically. It provides examples of defining functions using f(x) = expression notation and evaluating functions at given values of x by substituting those values into the function expression.
2. Key steps shown include defining functions using symbols like f, g, and h; substituting values for x in functions defined as f(x) = expression; and evaluating functions at values, expressions, or functions of x following algebraic rules like distributing operations.
3. Examples evaluate functions at values like f(6), expressions like f(x+1), and functions of x like f(-x) to demonstrate the process of substituting the appropriate value for x and simplifying
This document discusses the continuity of functions. It defines a continuous function as one where the limit of the function as x approaches c exists and is equal to the value of the function at c. It also describes three types of discontinuity: removable, essential, and infinite. Examples are provided to demonstrate determining if a function is continuous at a given point by checking if the three conditions for continuity are met.
PRESENT.pptx this paper will help the nextseidnegash1
This document discusses the fixed point iteration method for finding approximate solutions to nonlinear equations. It begins with an introduction to roots of nonlinear equations and converting them to a fixed point problem. It then presents the fixed point iteration method theorem and algorithm. Examples are provided to demonstrate applying the method to find the roots of equations up to four decimal places. The document concludes by noting the method can be implemented using loops in code and is useful for finding real roots expressed as infinite series.
This document discusses evaluating functions and operations on functions. It provides examples of evaluating functions at given points by substituting the point value for the variable in the function definition and simplifying. Some key points made include:
- Function notation like f(x) identifies the function and indicates the variable it is in terms of
- To evaluate a function at a point, substitute the point value for the variable and simplify
- Functions can be evaluated using algebraic expressions by substituting the expression for the variable
- Examples are provided of evaluating various functions at given points or expressions
ppt.pptx fixed point iteration method noseidnegash1
The document discusses the fixed point iteration method, which is a numerical method used to find approximate solutions to algebraic and transcendental equations. It presents the theorems and algorithm of the fixed point iteration method, and provides examples of its applications. Some key points covered include expressing equations in the form x=g(x) such that the derivative is less than 1, using successive approximations xn=g(xn-1) to generate a converging sequence, and illustrating the geometric interpretation of the method graphically. The document concludes that fixed point theory has many applications in mathematics.
The document discusses quadratic functions and their zeros. It provides examples of finding the zeros of quadratic functions by factoring, completing the square, and using the quadratic formula. It also gives examples of writing the equation of a quadratic function given its zeros or given properties like the vertex and y-intercept. Methods discussed include using the fact that the zeros are the roots of the corresponding equation, and substituting known point values into the quadratic formula.
Linear approximations and_differentialsTarun Gehlot
The document discusses linear approximations and differentials. It explains that a linear approximation uses the tangent line at a point to approximate nearby values of a function. The linearization of a function f at a point a is the linear function L(x) = f(a) + f'(a)(x - a). Several examples are provided of finding the linearization of functions and using it to approximate values. Differentials are also introduced, where dy represents the change along the tangent line and ∆y represents the actual change in the function.
This document describes three approximation methods for integrals - the Midpoint Rule, Trapezoidal Rule, and Simpson's Rule. It provides the formulas for computing each approximation using n subintervals and estimates the error bounds. It then works through an example problem in detail, applying each method to compute the integral from 1 to 5 of 1/x dx and determining the necessary number of subintervals to achieve an accuracy of 0.01. Simpson's Rule is identified as the most efficient method.
This document discusses different numerical methods for finding the roots of equations, including the bisection method, false position method, and Newton-Raphson method. It provides details on how the bisection method works, including defining an interval where the solution lies and bisecting that interval recursively until the approximate root is found. An example of using the bisection method to find the root of an equation is shown. The false position method is described as similar but using the slope of a line between two points to get a better first approximation than bisection. Newton-Raphson is also introduced but not explained in detail.
The document defines quadratic functions and discusses their various forms, including general, vertex, and factored forms. It also covers solving quadratic equations using methods like the quadratic formula, factoring, and completing the square. Additionally, it discusses key features of quadratic graphs like x-intercepts, y-intercepts, the vertex, and concavity. Examples are provided to illustrate finding these features and graphing parabolas.
The document discusses numerical methods for approximating integrals and solving non-linear equations. It introduces the trapezium rule for approximating integrals and provides examples of using the rule. It then discusses iterative methods like the iteration method and Newton-Raphson method for finding approximate roots of non-linear equations, providing examples of applying each method. The objectives are to enable students to use the trapezium rule and understand solving non-linear equations using iterative methods.
This document discusses methods for solving algebraic and transcendental equations. It begins by defining key terms like roots, simple roots, and multiple roots. It then distinguishes between direct and iterative methods. Direct methods provide exact solutions, while iterative methods use successive approximations that converge to the exact root. The document focuses on iterative methods and describes how to obtain initial approximations, including using Descartes' rule of signs and the intermediate value theorem. It also discusses criteria for terminating iterations. One iterative method described in detail is the method of false position, which approximates the curve defined by the equation as a straight line between two points.
This document discusses methods for solving algebraic and transcendental equations. It begins by defining key terms like roots, simple roots, and multiple roots. It then distinguishes between direct and iterative methods. Direct methods provide exact solutions, while iterative methods use successive approximations that converge to the exact root. The document focuses on iterative methods and describes how to obtain initial approximations, including using Descartes' rule of signs and the intermediate value theorem. It also discusses criteria for terminating iterations. One iterative method described in detail is the method of false position, which approximates the curve defined by the equation as a straight line between two points.
Similar a False Point Method / Regula falsi method (20)
Gas agency management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
The project entitled "Gas Agency" is done to make the manual process easier by making it a computerized system for billing and maintaining stock. The Gas Agencies get the order request through phone calls or by personal from their customers and deliver the gas cylinders to their address based on their demand and previous delivery date. This process is made computerized and the customer's name, address and stock details are stored in a database. Based on this the billing for a customer is made simple and easier, since a customer order for gas can be accepted only after completing a certain period from the previous delivery. This can be calculated and billed easily through this. There are two types of delivery like domestic purpose use delivery and commercial purpose use delivery. The bill rate and capacity differs for both. This can be easily maintained and charged accordingly.
Software Engineering and Project Management - Software Testing + Agile Method...Prakhyath Rai
Software Testing: A Strategic Approach to Software Testing, Strategic Issues, Test Strategies for Conventional Software, Test Strategies for Object -Oriented Software, Validation Testing, System Testing, The Art of Debugging.
Agile Methodology: Before Agile – Waterfall, Agile Development.
Build the Next Generation of Apps with the Einstein 1 Platform.
Rejoignez Philippe Ozil pour une session de workshops qui vous guidera à travers les détails de la plateforme Einstein 1, l'importance des données pour la création d'applications d'intelligence artificielle et les différents outils et technologies que Salesforce propose pour vous apporter tous les bénéfices de l'IA.
VARIABLE FREQUENCY DRIVE. VFDs are widely used in industrial applications for...PIMR BHOPAL
Variable frequency drive .A Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) is an electronic device used to control the speed and torque of an electric motor by varying the frequency and voltage of its power supply. VFDs are widely used in industrial applications for motor control, providing significant energy savings and precise motor operation.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELijaia
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
Mechatronics is a multidisciplinary field that refers to the skill sets needed in the contemporary, advanced automated manufacturing industry. At the intersection of mechanics, electronics, and computing, mechatronics specialists create simpler, smarter systems. Mechatronics is an essential foundation for the expected growth in automation and manufacturing.
Mechatronics deals with robotics, control systems, and electro-mechanical systems.
Digital Twins Computer Networking Paper Presentation.pptxaryanpankaj78
A Digital Twin in computer networking is a virtual representation of a physical network, used to simulate, analyze, and optimize network performance and reliability. It leverages real-time data to enhance network management, predict issues, and improve decision-making processes.
Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...shadow0702a
This document serves as a comprehensive step-by-step guide on how to effectively use PyCharm for remote debugging of the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) on a local Windows machine. It meticulously outlines several critical steps in the process, starting with the crucial task of enabling permissions, followed by the installation and configuration of WSL.
The guide then proceeds to explain how to set up the SSH service within the WSL environment, an integral part of the process. Alongside this, it also provides detailed instructions on how to modify the inbound rules of the Windows firewall to facilitate the process, ensuring that there are no connectivity issues that could potentially hinder the debugging process.
The document further emphasizes on the importance of checking the connection between the Windows and WSL environments, providing instructions on how to ensure that the connection is optimal and ready for remote debugging.
It also offers an in-depth guide on how to configure the WSL interpreter and files within the PyCharm environment. This is essential for ensuring that the debugging process is set up correctly and that the program can be run effectively within the WSL terminal.
Additionally, the document provides guidance on how to set up breakpoints for debugging, a fundamental aspect of the debugging process which allows the developer to stop the execution of their code at certain points and inspect their program at those stages.
Finally, the document concludes by providing a link to a reference blog. This blog offers additional information and guidance on configuring the remote Python interpreter in PyCharm, providing the reader with a well-rounded understanding of the process.
2. Working Rule
• The Regula–Falsi Method is a numerical method for estimating the roots of a
polynomial f(x). A value x replaces the midpoint in the Bisection Method and serves as
the new approximation of a root of f(x). The objective is to make convergence
faster. Assume that f(x) is continuous.
• This method also known as CHORD METHOD ,, LINEAR INTERPOLATION and
method is one of the bracketing methods and based on intermediate value theorem
5. Algorithm
1.Find points a and b such that a < b and f(a) * f(b) < 0.
2.Take the interval [a, b] and determine the next value of x1.
3.If f(x1) = 0 then x1 is an exact root, else if f(x1) * f(b) < 0 then let a = x1,
else if f(a) * f(x1) < 0 then let b = x1.
4.Repeat steps 2 & 3 until f(xi) = 0 or |f(xi)| tolerance
6. Example Numerical
• Find Approximate root using Regula Falsi method of the equation
𝑥3-4x+1
Putting values in
x=
𝑎(f(b)) −b(f(a) )
f(b)−f(a)
`
X F(x)
a=0 1
b=1 -2
𝑥0=0.3333 F(𝑥0)= -0.2963
𝑥1=0.25714 F(𝑥1)= -0.0115
𝑥2=0.2542 F(𝑥2)= -0.0003
𝑥3=0.2541 F(𝑥3)= -0.00001
𝑥4=0.2541
7. Pros and Cons
Advantages
• 1. It always converges.
• 2. It does not require the derivative.
• 3. It is a quick method.
Disadvantages
• 1. One of the interval definitions can get stuck.
• 2. It may slowdown in unfavourable situations.
8. Matlab Code
f=@(x)(x^3+3*x-5);
x1=1;
x2 = 2;
i = 0;
val = f(x2);
val1 = f(x1);
if val*val1 >= 0
i = 99;
end
while i <= 4
val = f(x2);
val1 = f(x1);24
temp = x2 - x1;
temp1 = val - val1;
nVal = temp/temp1;
nVal = nVal * val;
nVal = x2 - nVal;
if (f(x2)*nVal <= 0)
x1 = x2;
x2 = nVal;
else
if (f(x1)*nVal <= 0)
x2 = nVal;
end
end
i = i+1;
end
fprintf('Point is %fn',x2)
fprintf('At This Point Value is %fn',f(x2))