The document discusses the sociological concept of family. It defines family as the primary social institution for the production and nurture of children, based on sexual relationships. The family fulfills basic needs of society through socializing children and transmitting culture. It has both essential functions like satisfying sexual needs and procreating/raising children, as well as non-essential functions that are now performed by other institutions, such as economic provision, education, religion and recreation. The structure and roles of families are changing worldwide due to urbanization and women's empowerment. The document also outlines characteristics, types and significance of families in India.
Introduction to Sociology for physiotherapists.pptxMumux Mirani
Introductory ppt and/or lecture on Sociology for physiotherapists. sociology, social psychology, psychology, health and sociology, health and psychology
health promotion in sociology, anthropology. medicine and sociology
The role of a Medico-Social Worker (MSW) is to promote adjustment and facilitate relationships between patients, their families, and the medical community. As a liaison, the MSW understands a patient's background to help them adjust to their environment and speed recovery. MSWs provide individualized services, help patients understand their needs, and aid in their ultimate reintegration into family and society. They also identify resources to assist patients and work with social welfare agencies to support rehabilitation efforts.
The document describes the muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm. It lists the superficial and deep muscle layers, and provides details on the origin, insertion, nerve supply and action of each muscle. It also discusses the radial and posterior interosseous nerves, radial artery, skin and extensor expansions on the back of the hand, and the anatomical snuffbox region.
The document summarizes the anatomy of the wrist joint and joints of the hand. It describes the articulations, types of joints, ligaments, movements, and relations of the wrist joint. It then discusses the intercarpal joints, carpometacarpal joints, metacarpophalangeal joints, and interphalangeal joints of the hand. Each joint is described in terms of its articulation, type of joint, capsule, synovial membrane, ligaments, and movements.
This document summarizes the radioulnar joints of the forearm. It describes the proximal and distal radioulnar joints as pivot joints that allow for pronation and supination. The proximal joint is located near the elbow and involves the head of the radius articulating with the radial notch of the ulna. The distal joint is located near the wrist and involves the ulnar notch of the radius articulating with the ulnar head. Both joints are enclosed in capsules and allow rotation of the radius within the forearm.
Biomechanics of ligaments & tendonsKyat Andrew
The document discusses ligaments and tendons, including their hierarchical structure, composition, anatomical positions, functions, and mechanical properties. It notes that tendons connect muscles to bone and transmit tensile forces, while ligaments connect bone to bone and maintain correct joint geometry. The mechanical properties of ligaments and tendons demonstrate nonlinear and viscoelastic behavior under loading. Immobilization decreases the mechanical properties of ligaments and tendons over time, but remobilization and exercise can help regain their structural integrity and mechanical strength.
The glenohumeral joint, or shoulder joint, is a ball and socket synovial joint that connects the upper limb to the trunk. It has the greatest range of motion of any joint in the body. The ball is the head of the humerus and the socket is the glenoid cavity of the scapula. The joint is stabilized by ligaments including the coracohumeral ligament and strengthened anteriorly by the glenohumeral ligaments. It is supplied by nerves from the brachial plexus and blood vessels including the anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries. Common injuries include anterior dislocation when the humeral head is forced anteriorly out of the joint. Rot
Introduction to Sociology for physiotherapists.pptxMumux Mirani
Introductory ppt and/or lecture on Sociology for physiotherapists. sociology, social psychology, psychology, health and sociology, health and psychology
health promotion in sociology, anthropology. medicine and sociology
The role of a Medico-Social Worker (MSW) is to promote adjustment and facilitate relationships between patients, their families, and the medical community. As a liaison, the MSW understands a patient's background to help them adjust to their environment and speed recovery. MSWs provide individualized services, help patients understand their needs, and aid in their ultimate reintegration into family and society. They also identify resources to assist patients and work with social welfare agencies to support rehabilitation efforts.
The document describes the muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm. It lists the superficial and deep muscle layers, and provides details on the origin, insertion, nerve supply and action of each muscle. It also discusses the radial and posterior interosseous nerves, radial artery, skin and extensor expansions on the back of the hand, and the anatomical snuffbox region.
The document summarizes the anatomy of the wrist joint and joints of the hand. It describes the articulations, types of joints, ligaments, movements, and relations of the wrist joint. It then discusses the intercarpal joints, carpometacarpal joints, metacarpophalangeal joints, and interphalangeal joints of the hand. Each joint is described in terms of its articulation, type of joint, capsule, synovial membrane, ligaments, and movements.
This document summarizes the radioulnar joints of the forearm. It describes the proximal and distal radioulnar joints as pivot joints that allow for pronation and supination. The proximal joint is located near the elbow and involves the head of the radius articulating with the radial notch of the ulna. The distal joint is located near the wrist and involves the ulnar notch of the radius articulating with the ulnar head. Both joints are enclosed in capsules and allow rotation of the radius within the forearm.
Biomechanics of ligaments & tendonsKyat Andrew
The document discusses ligaments and tendons, including their hierarchical structure, composition, anatomical positions, functions, and mechanical properties. It notes that tendons connect muscles to bone and transmit tensile forces, while ligaments connect bone to bone and maintain correct joint geometry. The mechanical properties of ligaments and tendons demonstrate nonlinear and viscoelastic behavior under loading. Immobilization decreases the mechanical properties of ligaments and tendons over time, but remobilization and exercise can help regain their structural integrity and mechanical strength.
The glenohumeral joint, or shoulder joint, is a ball and socket synovial joint that connects the upper limb to the trunk. It has the greatest range of motion of any joint in the body. The ball is the head of the humerus and the socket is the glenoid cavity of the scapula. The joint is stabilized by ligaments including the coracohumeral ligament and strengthened anteriorly by the glenohumeral ligaments. It is supplied by nerves from the brachial plexus and blood vessels including the anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries. Common injuries include anterior dislocation when the humeral head is forced anteriorly out of the joint. Rot
The arm is divided into anterior and posterior compartments by intermuscular septa. The anterior compartment contains the biceps, brachialis, and coracobrachialis muscles which are supplied by the musculocutaneous nerve. The posterior compartment contains the triceps brachii muscle which has three heads and is innervated by the radial nerve. Each muscle's origin, insertion, function, and clinical relevance are described in detail.
The knee joint is a compound synovial joint composed of the femorotibial joints laterally and medially, and the femoropatellar joint. It contains articular surfaces on the femoral condyles and tibial plateaus, and the patella. The joint cavity is divided by the medial and lateral menisci. Stability is provided by ligaments like the ACL, PCL, MCL and LCL. Muscles like the quadriceps and hamstrings facilitate movement of the knee.
The document discusses static and dynamic stability of the glenohumeral joint. Statically, the joint is stabilized by the humeral head resting in the glenoid fossa, creating negative pressure. The rotator cuff muscles and deltoid provide a vertical force to counteract gravity. Dynamically, the deltoid, rotator cuff, biceps and scapulohumeral rhythm work together to precisely guide humeral movement and stabilize the joint throughout its range of motion. Scapulohumeral rhythm involves greater scapular movement in the first 90 degrees of arm elevation compared to humeral movement.
The document discusses the role of medical social workers in hospitals. Key responsibilities of social workers include counseling patients and families, assisting with care planning and financial assistance, assessing patient needs, advocating for patients, and providing legal assistance. Social workers help patients deal with both the emotional components of illness like stress, anxiety, and depression, as well as social impacts such as isolation, loss of support systems, and inability to perform social roles. Overall, social workers aim to support patients' best interests and manage the socio-emotional consequences of illness.
1) Articular cartilage is a specialized tissue found at the ends of bones in synovial joints that allows for movement with minimal friction. It is composed of chondrocytes and an extracellular matrix of collagen and proteoglycans.
2) Collagen provides tensile strength while proteoglycans attract water and provide compressive stiffness. Water content allows the tissue to withstand loads and provide nutrients to chondrocytes.
3) Articular cartilage functions through fluid-film lubrication provided by synovial fluid and boundary lubrication involving lubricin at the surface to prevent wear during movement of synovial joints.
This document discusses social groups and their influence on health and sickness. It defines primary groups as small, intimate groups like family where interaction is face-to-face, and secondary groups as larger, more impersonal groups like workplaces where membership is optional. Primary groups strongly influence health through close social support, while secondary groups like hospitals and workplaces provide important health services and influence through formal rules and roles. Both group types play key roles in hospitals and rehabilitation by meeting different needs of patients and supporting their recovery and reintegration into social life.
The skin is the outer covering of the body that protects it from damage and regulates temperature. It has two layers - the epidermis and dermis. The epidermis is made of stratified squamous epithelium and the dermis is made of connective tissue. Skin thickness varies from 0.5-3mm. Skin has several appendages including hair, nails, sweat glands and sebaceous glands. The superficial fascia lies beneath the skin and contains fat and connective tissue. It helps insulate the body and store fat. Skin has many important functions like protection, sensation, temperature regulation and vitamin D synthesis.
The elbow joint is a synovial hinge joint that connects the forearm to the arm. It consists of the trochlea of the humerus articulating with the trochlear notch of the ulna, and the capitulum of the humerus articulating with the head of the radius. The elbow joint is stabilized by ligaments and surrounded by a joint capsule, and allows for flexion and extension of the forearm. Common injuries to the elbow include dislocations, fractures, and inflammation like tennis elbow.
The document discusses the biomechanics of the spine. It describes the structure of the spine including the 33 vertebrae and intervertebral disks. It discusses the articulations between vertebrae including the intervertebral joints between vertebral bodies and disks, and the zygapophyseal joints between articular processes. It also describes the ligaments that connect vertebrae like the anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments. The spine functions to provide support, stability, and mobility and withstands various forces like axial compression, tension, bending, torsion and shear stresses.
The wrist joint, also known as the radiocarpal joint, is a complex synovial joint that involves the distal end of the radius, articular disc, and three carpal bones. It allows for flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction movements and is supplied by branches of the median, radial, and ulnar nerves. Common injuries to the wrist joint include fractures of the scaphoid bone and Colles' fracture of the radius.
The elbow joint is formed by three joints: the humeroulnar joint, humeroradial joint, and proximal radio-ulnar joint. It is a synovial hinge joint that allows movement in one plane. The trochlea and capitellum are the proximal articular surfaces that form joints with the ulna and radius. Distally, the head of the radius and olecranon process of the ulna articulate. Ligaments provide stability medially and laterally. Muscles like the biceps, brachialis and triceps are related anteriorly and posteriorly. The elbow has an arterial blood supply and is innervated by the median, muscu
1. The document discusses the biomechanics of the lumbar spine, including its osteology, articulations, ligaments, muscles, blood supply, and kinematics.
2. Key structures include the five lumbar vertebrae and intervertebral disks, facet joints, and ligaments like the anterior longitudinal ligament.
3. The major muscles are the erector spinae and multifidus posteriorly and abdominal muscles like rectus abdominis anteriorly. Range of motion includes flexion, extension, lateral flexion, and rotation.
The document lists the names of 9 registered nurses and provides information on Healthy People, a nationwide health promotion and disease prevention initiative led by the US Department of Health and Human Services. It discusses Healthy People's goals of increasing healthy lifespans and eliminating health disparities. Several Healthy People topics are then summarized, including healthcare-associated infections, chronic disease management for older adults, dementia and Alzheimer's disease, genomic science, adolescent health, sleep health, and LGBT health.
This document discusses the key concepts and history of sociology. It begins by defining sociology and its subfields like medical sociology and criminology. It then outlines some of the major thinkers who contributed to the development of sociology as a discipline, including Comte, Durkheim, Marx, Weber and Mead. The document also examines concepts like social structure, social institutions, socialization, social norms and the relationship between society and the individual. It explores how sociological research can be used to understand social problems and influence policymaking.
The document discusses social groups and their characteristics. It defines social groups as collections of human beings who are brought into social relationships with one another. Social groups have mutual relationships between members, a sense of unity, common interests and ideals, and similar behaviors for achieving common goals. The document outlines the functions of social groups as defining boundaries, choosing leaders, making decisions, setting goals, assigning tasks, and controlling members' behavior. It also distinguishes between primary and secondary groups. Primary groups are small and intimate while secondary groups are larger and more impersonal. The roles of both primary and secondary groups in health and sickness are also discussed.
Extensor mechanism of finger, very easy notes. Referred from cynthia norkin. In this ppt in last two slides u can see the identify the parts. Its like a quiz for candidates who studying this ppt. They can able to know that how well they prepared this topic.
Thank you, From Liki pedia
(A student physiotherapist)
The ankle joint is a uniaxial synovial hinge joint formed between the distal end of the tibia, lateral malleolus of the fibula, and talus bone. It is stabilized by strong ligaments including the deltoid ligament medially and three lateral ligaments. The joint allows for dorsiflexion and plantar flexion movement about its axis and is supplied by the posterior and anterior tibial arteries and nerves. Common injuries include ankle sprains from excessive inversion or eversion stretching the lateral or deltoid ligaments, respectively.
Electrotherapy uses electrical stimulation for therapeutic purposes and involves applying electromagnetic energy to produce physiological effects in the body. It has a long history dating back to Roman physicians in 47 AD using electric fish to treat gout. Electrotherapy includes modalities like TENS, interferential therapy, microcurrent therapy, laser therapy, and others and can be classified in various ways such as by frequency, application area, or heat transfer method. It works through mechanisms like stimulating nerves or forcing membranes to change behavior.
The document is a research paper analyzing the social life of families. It discusses the introduction, types, sizes, functions, factors affecting, and changing roles of families over time. It also examines relationships within families, including between parents and children, husbands and wives, and siblings. The paper concludes that a happy family requires fulfilling obligations, respect, adjustment, partnership, and discussing problems respectfully. Support from outside the family is also important for families dealing with additional challenges.
Social organization refers to patterns of relationships between individuals and groups in society. Social organizations form through institutions like schools and government, as well as common interest groups. The main social institutions are family, politics, religion, education, economy, science, and sports. Family is the central social structure and can include nuclear families, extended families, blended families, single parent families, childless families, and same sex families. The primary functions of family are satisfying sexual needs through marriage, procreation, caring for young, providing basic necessities, and enabling proper social interaction.
The arm is divided into anterior and posterior compartments by intermuscular septa. The anterior compartment contains the biceps, brachialis, and coracobrachialis muscles which are supplied by the musculocutaneous nerve. The posterior compartment contains the triceps brachii muscle which has three heads and is innervated by the radial nerve. Each muscle's origin, insertion, function, and clinical relevance are described in detail.
The knee joint is a compound synovial joint composed of the femorotibial joints laterally and medially, and the femoropatellar joint. It contains articular surfaces on the femoral condyles and tibial plateaus, and the patella. The joint cavity is divided by the medial and lateral menisci. Stability is provided by ligaments like the ACL, PCL, MCL and LCL. Muscles like the quadriceps and hamstrings facilitate movement of the knee.
The document discusses static and dynamic stability of the glenohumeral joint. Statically, the joint is stabilized by the humeral head resting in the glenoid fossa, creating negative pressure. The rotator cuff muscles and deltoid provide a vertical force to counteract gravity. Dynamically, the deltoid, rotator cuff, biceps and scapulohumeral rhythm work together to precisely guide humeral movement and stabilize the joint throughout its range of motion. Scapulohumeral rhythm involves greater scapular movement in the first 90 degrees of arm elevation compared to humeral movement.
The document discusses the role of medical social workers in hospitals. Key responsibilities of social workers include counseling patients and families, assisting with care planning and financial assistance, assessing patient needs, advocating for patients, and providing legal assistance. Social workers help patients deal with both the emotional components of illness like stress, anxiety, and depression, as well as social impacts such as isolation, loss of support systems, and inability to perform social roles. Overall, social workers aim to support patients' best interests and manage the socio-emotional consequences of illness.
1) Articular cartilage is a specialized tissue found at the ends of bones in synovial joints that allows for movement with minimal friction. It is composed of chondrocytes and an extracellular matrix of collagen and proteoglycans.
2) Collagen provides tensile strength while proteoglycans attract water and provide compressive stiffness. Water content allows the tissue to withstand loads and provide nutrients to chondrocytes.
3) Articular cartilage functions through fluid-film lubrication provided by synovial fluid and boundary lubrication involving lubricin at the surface to prevent wear during movement of synovial joints.
This document discusses social groups and their influence on health and sickness. It defines primary groups as small, intimate groups like family where interaction is face-to-face, and secondary groups as larger, more impersonal groups like workplaces where membership is optional. Primary groups strongly influence health through close social support, while secondary groups like hospitals and workplaces provide important health services and influence through formal rules and roles. Both group types play key roles in hospitals and rehabilitation by meeting different needs of patients and supporting their recovery and reintegration into social life.
The skin is the outer covering of the body that protects it from damage and regulates temperature. It has two layers - the epidermis and dermis. The epidermis is made of stratified squamous epithelium and the dermis is made of connective tissue. Skin thickness varies from 0.5-3mm. Skin has several appendages including hair, nails, sweat glands and sebaceous glands. The superficial fascia lies beneath the skin and contains fat and connective tissue. It helps insulate the body and store fat. Skin has many important functions like protection, sensation, temperature regulation and vitamin D synthesis.
The elbow joint is a synovial hinge joint that connects the forearm to the arm. It consists of the trochlea of the humerus articulating with the trochlear notch of the ulna, and the capitulum of the humerus articulating with the head of the radius. The elbow joint is stabilized by ligaments and surrounded by a joint capsule, and allows for flexion and extension of the forearm. Common injuries to the elbow include dislocations, fractures, and inflammation like tennis elbow.
The document discusses the biomechanics of the spine. It describes the structure of the spine including the 33 vertebrae and intervertebral disks. It discusses the articulations between vertebrae including the intervertebral joints between vertebral bodies and disks, and the zygapophyseal joints between articular processes. It also describes the ligaments that connect vertebrae like the anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments. The spine functions to provide support, stability, and mobility and withstands various forces like axial compression, tension, bending, torsion and shear stresses.
The wrist joint, also known as the radiocarpal joint, is a complex synovial joint that involves the distal end of the radius, articular disc, and three carpal bones. It allows for flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction movements and is supplied by branches of the median, radial, and ulnar nerves. Common injuries to the wrist joint include fractures of the scaphoid bone and Colles' fracture of the radius.
The elbow joint is formed by three joints: the humeroulnar joint, humeroradial joint, and proximal radio-ulnar joint. It is a synovial hinge joint that allows movement in one plane. The trochlea and capitellum are the proximal articular surfaces that form joints with the ulna and radius. Distally, the head of the radius and olecranon process of the ulna articulate. Ligaments provide stability medially and laterally. Muscles like the biceps, brachialis and triceps are related anteriorly and posteriorly. The elbow has an arterial blood supply and is innervated by the median, muscu
1. The document discusses the biomechanics of the lumbar spine, including its osteology, articulations, ligaments, muscles, blood supply, and kinematics.
2. Key structures include the five lumbar vertebrae and intervertebral disks, facet joints, and ligaments like the anterior longitudinal ligament.
3. The major muscles are the erector spinae and multifidus posteriorly and abdominal muscles like rectus abdominis anteriorly. Range of motion includes flexion, extension, lateral flexion, and rotation.
The document lists the names of 9 registered nurses and provides information on Healthy People, a nationwide health promotion and disease prevention initiative led by the US Department of Health and Human Services. It discusses Healthy People's goals of increasing healthy lifespans and eliminating health disparities. Several Healthy People topics are then summarized, including healthcare-associated infections, chronic disease management for older adults, dementia and Alzheimer's disease, genomic science, adolescent health, sleep health, and LGBT health.
This document discusses the key concepts and history of sociology. It begins by defining sociology and its subfields like medical sociology and criminology. It then outlines some of the major thinkers who contributed to the development of sociology as a discipline, including Comte, Durkheim, Marx, Weber and Mead. The document also examines concepts like social structure, social institutions, socialization, social norms and the relationship between society and the individual. It explores how sociological research can be used to understand social problems and influence policymaking.
The document discusses social groups and their characteristics. It defines social groups as collections of human beings who are brought into social relationships with one another. Social groups have mutual relationships between members, a sense of unity, common interests and ideals, and similar behaviors for achieving common goals. The document outlines the functions of social groups as defining boundaries, choosing leaders, making decisions, setting goals, assigning tasks, and controlling members' behavior. It also distinguishes between primary and secondary groups. Primary groups are small and intimate while secondary groups are larger and more impersonal. The roles of both primary and secondary groups in health and sickness are also discussed.
Extensor mechanism of finger, very easy notes. Referred from cynthia norkin. In this ppt in last two slides u can see the identify the parts. Its like a quiz for candidates who studying this ppt. They can able to know that how well they prepared this topic.
Thank you, From Liki pedia
(A student physiotherapist)
The ankle joint is a uniaxial synovial hinge joint formed between the distal end of the tibia, lateral malleolus of the fibula, and talus bone. It is stabilized by strong ligaments including the deltoid ligament medially and three lateral ligaments. The joint allows for dorsiflexion and plantar flexion movement about its axis and is supplied by the posterior and anterior tibial arteries and nerves. Common injuries include ankle sprains from excessive inversion or eversion stretching the lateral or deltoid ligaments, respectively.
Electrotherapy uses electrical stimulation for therapeutic purposes and involves applying electromagnetic energy to produce physiological effects in the body. It has a long history dating back to Roman physicians in 47 AD using electric fish to treat gout. Electrotherapy includes modalities like TENS, interferential therapy, microcurrent therapy, laser therapy, and others and can be classified in various ways such as by frequency, application area, or heat transfer method. It works through mechanisms like stimulating nerves or forcing membranes to change behavior.
The document is a research paper analyzing the social life of families. It discusses the introduction, types, sizes, functions, factors affecting, and changing roles of families over time. It also examines relationships within families, including between parents and children, husbands and wives, and siblings. The paper concludes that a happy family requires fulfilling obligations, respect, adjustment, partnership, and discussing problems respectfully. Support from outside the family is also important for families dealing with additional challenges.
Social organization refers to patterns of relationships between individuals and groups in society. Social organizations form through institutions like schools and government, as well as common interest groups. The main social institutions are family, politics, religion, education, economy, science, and sports. Family is the central social structure and can include nuclear families, extended families, blended families, single parent families, childless families, and same sex families. The primary functions of family are satisfying sexual needs through marriage, procreation, caring for young, providing basic necessities, and enabling proper social interaction.
The study of social psychology focuses on how the presence of others affects our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
For getting more such info visit the website: http://niilmuniversity.in/coursepack/humanities/Insight_to_Family_Education.pdf
FAMILY AND MARRIAGE FAMILY AND MARRIAGE.pptxPRADEEP ABOTHU
Inside the Unit:
Family – characteristics, basic need, types and functions of family.
Marriage – forms of marriage, social custom relating to marriage and importance of marriage.
Legislation on Indian marriage and family.
Influence of marriage and family on health and health practices.
Among all human groups, the family stands out as the paramount primary group, constituting the simplest and most fundamental form of society. This foundational unit holds unparalleled significance as it is within the family that an individual, especially a child, develops their fundamental attitudes and values. Beyond its simplicity, the family nurtures enduring relationships, forming a small social group typically comprising a father, mother, and one or more children. The term "Family" itself, derived from the Roman word "Famulus" meaning a servant, underscores the historical and linguistic roots that emphasize its integral role in societal structures.
A family is a social unit characterized by close relationships, shared bonds, and mutual support among its members. It typically includes individuals connected by blood, marriage, or adoption, forming a fundamental group that plays a central role in the socialization, emotional well-being, and support of its members.
Family is a group defined by a sex relationship sufficiently precise and enduring to provide for the procreation and upbringing of children. -Maclver
Family is a more or less durable association of husband and wife with or without children or of a man or women alone, with children. - Nimkoff
Mating Relationship: A family originates with the establishment of a mating relationship between a man and a woman. This foundational connection forms the basis for the family unit's existence.
Form of Marriage: The mating relationship is formalized through the institution of marriage. Marriage serves as a societal and legal framework that solidifies the bond between partners, providing structure and recognition to the family.
System of Nomenclature: Each family is identified by a specific name and maintains a system of reckoning descent. Descent may be traced through either the male or female line, contributing to the family's unique identity and heritage.
Economic Provision: The head of the family typically engages in a specific profession, earning income to sustain the family. This economic provision is essential for meeting the family's material needs and ensuring a suitable standard of living.
Common Habitation (Surroundings): A family requires a shared dwelling or household for its residence. The presence of a home provides a conducive environment for childbearing and child-rearing, fostering a sense of stability and belonging within the family.
Emotional Bonds: Families are characterized by close emotional bonds among their members, forming a support system that contributes to the overall well-being and mental health of each family member.
Roles and Responsibilities: Distinct roles and responsibilities are
The document discusses the various functions of the family, which include providing stable satisfaction of sexual needs between partners, offering a home for raising children, socializing children by teaching appropriate behaviors and emotions, establishing patterns of interaction, offering emotional support, fulfilling reproductive needs to continue society, meeting economic needs of supporting children, providing education, enabling religious activities, addressing health concerns, allowing for recreation, preserving culture, and more. However, when families fail to adequately provide for these functions, they are considered dysfunctional, which can negatively impact the development of family members.
This document discusses family and marriage in the Philippines. It defines marriage as a permanent union between a man and woman under Philippine law for establishing family life. Essential requisites for a valid marriage include legal capacity and consent of the contracting parties. Formal requisites include a valid marriage license, authority of the solemnizing officer, and a marriage ceremony where the parties appear before the officer. The document also outlines that family is the foundation of society protected by law, and defines family relations as including between husband and wife, parents and children, and siblings.
The document discusses the impact of family on society. It defines family according to different authors and describes the composition and functions of family. Family is the basic social institution and plays a key role in socializing individuals, transmitting culture, and providing stability to society. The strength of a nation depends on strong family units that impart moral values and generate productive members of society.
This document discusses the sociology of nursing and family and marriage. It covers various topics related to family including types of families, functions of family, joint family, nuclear family, blended family, extended family, and changes in the modern family. It also discusses marriage, dowry system as a social evil, and important legislation related to family and marriage in India such as the Dowry Prohibition Act and Child Marriage Restraint Act.
1. The family provides essential functions like satisfying sexual needs, producing and rearing children, and providing a home.
2. Within the family, children learn religion from their parents and receive their early education and socialization.
3. The family also serves recreational functions by providing enjoyment and relief from work through shared activities.
Types of families |NUCLEAR FAMILY|JOINT FAMILY|THREE GENERATION FAMILY |Functions of the family |FAMILY IN HEALTH AND DISEASE |SOCIAL AND CULTURAL FACTORS| COMMUNITY MEDICINE
This document discusses the definition and importance of families. It defines a family as a group consisting of adults and children related by blood, marriage, or adoption that live together and share responsibilities. The document notes that May 15th is International Family Day, highlighting the value of families. It also explores the roles of women and functions of the family in society, such as childrearing, economics, socialization, and more. Finally, it outlines characteristics of families and describes systems theory approach to understanding family dynamics and relationships.
Family is considered the basic unit of society. It provides for the procreation and upbringing of children through the relationship between parents. Family structures can vary in size, from nuclear families consisting of parents and children, to joint families including extended relatives. Marriages also take different forms, from monogamous to polygamous, and are regulated by laws and customs. The family performs essential functions like satisfying sexual needs and producing offspring, as well as non-essential roles in areas like economics, education, and socialization of children.
The document defines family and discusses the Filipino family structure. It provides definitions of family from various sources that emphasize family as a basic social unit shaped by society. It then outlines sections from the Philippine Constitution regarding the state's recognition and protection of family. The rest of the document discusses characteristics of the Filipino family including bilateral kinship and family types, roles, and stages of development. It also examines theoretical approaches to understanding the family, including developmental, structural-functional, and systems models.
This document discusses concepts related to gender, sexuality, and marriage for individuals with intellectual disabilities. It defines key terms like gender, gender equality, and gender-based violence. It also discusses the biological, physical, social, and spiritual aspects of human sexuality. The document defines marriage as a socially recognized union that establishes rights and obligations between spouses. Religious marriage is discussed as well as civil marriage performed by government institutions.
International Family Day is celebrated on May 15th to highlight the importance of families. It aims to foster equality and shared responsibilities between domestic and employment roles. The family is considered the basic unit of society. A family is generally defined as a group that lives together and cooperates economically, including adults and children. As societies modernize, the family loses some of its role in production and children receive more formal education outside the home. However, the Indian family traditionally remains stable as a joint or extended unit despite changes, though urbanization is increasing individualism. Women play a key role in socializing children and supporting family planning.
International Family Day is celebrated on May 15th to highlight the importance of families. It aims to foster equality and shared responsibilities between domestic and employment roles. The family is considered the basic unit of society. A family is generally defined as a group that lives together and cooperates economically, including adults and children. As societies modernize, the family loses some of its role in production and children receive more formal education outside the home. However, the Indian family traditionally remains stable as a joint or extended unit despite changes, though urbanization is increasing individualism. Women play a key role in socializing children and supporting family planning.
The document discusses the family, its structures and functions. It defines the family as a group united by marriage, blood or adoption that lives together. Family structures can be conjugal, nuclear, extended, patrilineal, matrilineal, bilateral, patrilocal, matrilocal, etc. based on factors like internal organization, descent and residence. The family performs key functions like socializing children, regulating sexuality, and providing material/emotional security. A healthy family maintains a spiritual foundation, prioritizes family, communicates through respectful listening, and expects/offers acceptance. Responsible parenthood involves meeting children's physical, emotional, social, intellectual and moral needs.
contemporary family hdigqwdhuqw'oihdwpoDJpwlFHKS'OQHIHL/AWKDIFKDLNHAPIOfslk?N...VYLONBALINTAG5
The document discusses different types of family structures and characteristics. It begins by defining key concepts like family, household, and kinship. It then examines sociological perspectives on the family from thinkers like Murdock and Goode. The rest of the document outlines 10 characteristics of the family, 7 common functions of the family, and ways families are classified including by organization, residence, descent, authority, and marriage type. It also discusses influences on family structures like industrialization, divorce laws, social class, and state benefits. Finally, it provides definitions and considerations for various modern family types such as adoptive, blended, foster, gay/lesbian-headed, and single-parent families.
This document discusses sociological aspects related to housing design. It defines families and society, and explains their relationship. Families form the foundation of society. Culture is described as the knowledge, beliefs, and behaviors of a society. The family plays a role in passing culture between generations. The document outlines some social and cultural changes to families in recent decades, including declining male authority and migration to urban areas. It also discusses forms of marriage, family classifications, regional characteristics in India, family structure, social stratification systems, and inequalities between individuals.
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4. Family
Family is a known as a primary group, social
institution, and basic unit of the society; and a
key association of the human society.
There is no society in the world where family is
not found—primitive society, rural society and the
urban society.
The family fulfills basic needs of the society.
Family is the cradle of socialization of the child.
It is here where the child learns the health habits.
5. DEFINITION OF THE FAMILY
According to ME Jones, “Family is the social
institution based on the fact of sex which has for its
function, the production and nurture of children.”
McIver and Page have defined family as “A group
defined by a sex relationship sufficiently precise and
enduring to provide for the procreation and
upbringing of children.” Sex satisfaction, procreation
and upbringing of children are the important
functions of family as a primary group.
6. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FAMILY
1. There is mating relationship between the husband and wife in a
family, which results in procreation of children.
2. There is a form of marriage in the family such as monogamy,
polygyny and polyandry.
3. There is also a system of nomenclature in the family, such as
father, mother, brother, sister, uncle, aunt, etc. The system of
nomenclature in the family involves also a mode of reckoning
descent. The children take the family name of either father or
mother, and usually, the transfer of property also follows the
pattern of nomenclature.
4. In the family there is economic provision too, so that the
economic needs of the family members such as food, clothing
and housing are met.
7. 5. A common home or household is also a characteristic of
the family.
6. There is close interaction between members of the
family. Interpersonal relationship is the keynote of the
any family.
7. The maintenance of a culture is also a characteristic of
the family. The merging of cultural patterns transmitted
from the two sides of the family in interaction with
outside cultural influence creates the distinctive
cultural patterns of every new family.
8. Family has certain important functions as well as status.
Functions relating to sex, procreation and upbringing of
children are very important. Family is one of the status
giving agents of the society.
8. In a family in India certain striking
features are noted below:
There are different types and forms of family and marriage in India such as
nuclear family, joint family, monogamy, polygyny, polyandry etc. While
majority of the society has monogamous family, there is prevalence of
polygyny among some tribes like Bhils and Nagas. It is also found among some
Muslims and Hindus. There is polyandry among some people of the Himalayan
hilly areas and the Todas of Nilgiris. While majority of the families is nuclear,
there are joint families in villages and even in cities.
The traditional family in India especially the joint family is changing its
structure as well as functions.
Rules of endogamy and exogamy are practiced. Yet, intercaste, inter-religious
and inter-community unions are taking place in India facilitated by certain
factors such as education, urban life, social legislation and government
programs.
Family planning and family welfare measures are being adopted by Indian
families are more and more, especially among the educated people.
9. Marriage still has its religious significance to most
people in India, e.g., Hindus, Christians and Jains.
Child marriage are still prevalent in villages,
especially in North and Central parts like Madhya
Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Bihar and Orissa.
Status of women in India is still poor. Yet, women’s
status is steadily improving facilitated by education,
employ ment outside the home, and economic
independence.
Child rearing practices are still traditional in India.
Most of the marriages are still arranged by parents
and elders.
Dowry and bride price are still practiced.
10. TYPES OF THE FAMILY
Family can be divided into:
• Family of orientation—the family into which one is
born.
• Family of procreation—the family one enters into
as an adult.
• Matrilocal arrangement—a married couple live
near or with the bride’s parents.
• Patrilocal arrangement—a married couple live
near or with the groom’s parents.
11. Changes in Family Patterns
Changes in family patterns are generated by such
factors as the development of a centralized
government, the expansion of towns and cities,
and employment within organizations outside
family influence.
These changes are producing a worldwide
movement toward nuclear-family systems,
eroding extended-family forms and other types of
kinship groups.
12. The most important changes occurring
worldwide are the following:
Clans and other kin groups are declining in influence.
There is a general trend toward the free choice of a
spouse.
The rights of women are becoming more widely
recognized, with respect to both initiating marriage and
making decisions within the family.
Kin marriages are becoming less common.
Higher levels of sexual freedom are developing in societies
that were very restrictive.
There is a general trend toward the extension of children’s
rights.
13. SOCIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE
FAMILY
Stressing the sociological significance of the
family, McIver and Page have written that;
“of all the organizations large or small, which
society unfolds, none transcends the family in
the intensity of its sociological significance. It
influences the whole life of society in
innumerable ways and its changes, as we
shall see, reverberate through the whole
social structure.”
14. There are eight distinctive features of family,
which suggests its sociological significance:
a. Universality
b. Emotional basis
c. Formative influence
d. Limited size
e. Nuclear position in the social structure
f. Responsibility of the members
g. Social regulation
h. Permanent and temporary nature
15. FUNCTIONS OF THE FAMILY
The family is most vital social institution as it fulfills very
important functions such as: affection, sex, procreation,
and upbringing of the children, religion, socialization.
In order to meet these functions, the family should have
several facilities. A healthy family requires the following:
a. Healthy parents
b. b. Healthy children
c. Good house
d. Employment of parents
e. Education of children
f. Healthy neighborhood
g. Good recreation and
h. Good standard of life
16. The nutrition, the environment, the interpersonal
relations, are all necessary for a good family.
Family welfare needs family planning, and family
education. The family should meet the needs of children,
adolescents, youth, the adults and the aged. This was so
in the traditional joint family of India.
If we divide the needs of a family,
2 major types of needs may be pointed out, namely,
(i) the physical needs and
(ii) the socio-cultural psychological needs. In the physical
needs is included health; food, house and household
amenities.
In the socio-cultural psychological needs may be included
education, socialization, recreation, as well as moral and
spiritual needs.
17. The family must be called the ‘sweet home’ where all
members should be eager to go, and spend their life.
This is called centripetal tendency.
On the contrary, if the family is not meeting important
needs, there will be centrifugal tendency, that is
members would be eager to go out.
With regard to juvenile delinquency, it is told that
absence of meaningful relations inside the family is very
much responsible for it.
The functions of the family may be broadly classified into
two, that is, essential functions and non-essential
functions.
Essential Functions
• Stable satisfaction of sex urge.
• Procreation and upbringing of children
• Affection function.
18. Non-essential Functions
• Economic function
• Educational function
• Religious function
• Recreational function
• Medical function
• Protective function
• Governmental function
• Status giving function
• Transmission of culture.
19. As the name indicates, the essential functions of family are the
most basic functions, which no other agency/institution can
perform.
Though extra-marital and pre-marital sex relations might occur,
stable and socially-approved satisfaction of sex urge is possible
only within the family.
Similarly, the children born in the wedlock only receive social
and even legal recognition.
Human childhood extends for many years and the presence of
both the parents is essential for the full physical, mental, and
emotional development of the children.
Love, affection, and concern exist between the family members
and the same cannot be found in other group.
Family is considered as a center of emotional and psychological
tension release in family a person can share all his problems
and worries and expect full sympathy and understanding.
20. The non-essential functions are those functions that the family
used to perform in the past, but they are now transferred to
other institutions.
Economic function was and is still an important function of the
family.
The family has the responsibility of providing for its member,
especially the children, and the aged.
Educating and training the children was done earlier within the
family. The mothers trained the girls and the fathers trained
the boys.
Even formal education was offered within the home with the
help of private tuition.
Now, the role of the family in educating children has become
very insignificant, as we have specialized institutions right from
nursery schools to highly developed technical institutes.
Religious education and training was an important part of
training in traditional; societies.
21. With the decline of the impact of religion, this part is loosing its
significance in many societies.
Recreational facilities were very limited in earlier times and people
had look for whatever entertainment possible within the family.
With the advent of mass media, especially movies and television,
commercial recreation has taken over above all earlier simple forms.
Unlike the traditional joint family, the modern nuclear family has no
role in providing recreation to its members.
However, it may be mentioned that the radio and the TV provide
recreation in the family.
Elder members of the family with the help of household remedies and
indigenous herbs did looking after the sick and ailing.
Childbirth also took place within the family with the assistance of
older women or a local maid.
With the development in the medical science and with specialized
medical and paramedical personnel, hospitals, nursing homes, clinics
and so many other facilities; families have hardly any role in taking
care of the sick.
22. The role of family in controlling its members is limited to childhood years. In
areas of control and administering justice, secondary agencies like the state,
laws, regulations and legislations, police, court, etc. are the main agencies. A
person’s status very much depended on the family to which he belonged.
This was doubly so in India due to caste system. But in modern times,
education, occupation, economic condition, possessions, political affiliation
and several other matters determine person’s social status.
Transmission of culture was an essential function of any family group.
In our country, care was taken to teach all the elaborate norms of one’s own
caste.
But the modern youth is more influenced by the ideals that they see on the
screen or television and also by the peer group culture.
Thus, we find that the functions of the family have undergone drastic
changes. With industrialization, urbanization, modernization and the spread
of education as well as science and technology, more and more family
functions are transferred to other institution and agencies.
Even the very essential functions of the family like sex and reproduction are
being fulfilled outside the family. With such changes, the very existence of
family is threatened. Unless we revert to some of our old values and patterns,
family is truly in danger of becoming obsolete.
23. From the foregoing discussions, we may conclude that
family is still the most important institution of human
society. Emotional support a person receives from the
family is particularly significant at the time of sickness.
Bodily recovery depends, to a great extent, upon the
state of mind.
A physiotherapist should understand the role of family
members in providing emotional support to the patient,
even when they are unable to provide physical care.
Similarly, family members will be anxious and concerned
about the condition of the patient.
Sympathetic understanding of them is essential, and
wherever possible, they should be reassured and
comforted. Healthy rapport between the physiotherapist,
patient, and family results in better care and speedy
recovery.
24. INFLUENCE OF THE FAMILY ON HEALTH
AND ILLNESS
Chronic illness refers to a chronic, progressive, and
degenerative disease. It is found that treatment of chronically
ill related affective disorders is the most neglected area of
research, in spite of both the seriousness and the prevalence of
emotional disturbances among patients and their families with
chronic illness.
Rodgers and Calder (1990) highlighted the importance of
marital adjustment as a critical factor influencing emotional
adjustment to couple relating when there is a chronically-ill
member.
Minden and Moes (1990) suggest that referral of chronically-ill
patients and their families to psychiatrists, psychologists, social
workers, marriage and family therapists, or psychiatric nurses
“can be helpful to patients with adjustment difficulties and
marital and family dysfunction”.
25. Meaning of the Illness
Chronic illness is not simply an individual subjective experience; it is
interpersonal and social.
The definition or meaning an individual gives to an illness is profoundly
influenced by current and influences that person’s social world.
The social culture and the social networks shape and are shaped by the
individual’s experiences.
The meaning of the illness is shared and negotiated in everyday
interactions and it is deeply embedded in the social world.
As such it is inseparable from the structure and processes that
constituted social world.
Unexpected, health-related life events raise many questions for
therapists and other health service providers.
What are the factors that determine the onset of serious, chronic and
degenerative diseases and how does the progression of an illness affect
families?
26. To what extent does gender, the life-cycle stage
of the players at the onset of the illness
(childhood/adulthood), roles, couple
relationships, social support systems, and
finances contribute to the way families cope?
Can family systems be strengthened rather than
or weakened in the face of health problems?
How do marital and family dynamics, belief
systems, rules and boundaries determine the
physical well being of its members and their
ability to adapt to physical health problems?
27. A Biopsychosocial Perspective
Until recently, disease was thought to be a function of the
breakdown of biophysiological processes. This bio-medical
model of disease assumed that there were distinct
separations between the mind and the body.
Within this framework, health was an exclusive function
of a person’s physical state. While there are some changes
emerging, the medical system in this country is still
primarily a product of this model, and within this belief
system, interventions consist almost entirely of medical
technologies.
The medical system concerns itself with the treatment of
the biology of an illness in an individual.
Little clinical attention is paid to the person’s mental
health and even less attention is paid to his or her family.
28. The biopsychosocial model suggests that an interaction of
the biological, psychological, and social aspects of a
person’s life are the determinants of his or her health, the
onset of illness, and often the prognosis.
Even the immune system, which was thought to be a
strictly biological response, is now thought to be
influenced by emotional factors, and even the course of
chronic illness is now considered largely determined by
lifestyle behaviors.
Now, it is believed that psychological factors, such as
cognition, emotion, and motivation for behavior and
mental processes contribute to a person’s proneness for
illness and also to the person’s speed of recovery (i.e.,
positive attitudes decrease recovery time, negative
attitudes extend recovery time).
29. Family Life Cycle Considerations
Biopsychosocial factors change systematically in response to
developmental stages. For example, the biological functioning
of older people is challenged by many more chronic diseases
than middle-aged people or children, just by virtue of more
lengthy normal wear and tear on their bodies.
Rolland (1989) proposed a model, which emphasizes the
intertwining of evolutionary threads: the illness and the
individual family life cycles. He proposes a typology that
conceptualizes distinctions of
(1) onset, (2) course, (3) outcome, and (4) degree of
incapacitation.
By combining the kinds of onset (acute versus chronic), course
(progressive versus constant versus relapsing/episodic),
outcome (fatal versus shortened lifespan versus nonfatal) and
incapacitation (present versus absent) into a grid format,
Rolland generates a typology of 32 potential psychosocial types
of illness.
30. Illness as a Life Event
normative age-graded events
normative history-graded events
non-normative events.
31. Reactions to a Diagnosis of a Serious
Illness
How family will react when some serious or life-
threatening disease diagnosed in no time???